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‫سباب‬1‫ا‬

‫قبل الثورة‬

(1791 - 1789) ‫الجمعية التأسيسية‬

(91

(1792 - 1791) ‫الجمعية التشريعية‬

(97 - 1792) ‫الحرب والثورة ا=ضادة‬

(95-1792) ‫ا=ؤتمر الوطني‬

‫مراحل الثورة الفرنسية‬

‫نتائج الثورة الفرنسية‬

ً ‫انظر أيضا‬

‫مراجع‬

‫ت خارجية‬P‫وص‬

I MohamedEG -.'"/01 !"#$ 2 %&'() *+, %-,./+, 023


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