2ESTORATIVE$ENTISTRY

&* 4REVOR "URKE

-ADELEINE # -URRAY

!DRIAN ## 3HORTALL

4RENDS IN )NDIRECT $ENTISTRY 

0ROVISIONAL 2ESTORATIONS -ORE THAN
*UST A 4EMPORARY
!BSTRACT 4HE PROVISION OF WELL FITTING FUNCTIONAL PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS IS IMPORTANT FOR A WIDE VARIETY OF REASONS INCLUDING MAINTENANCE
OF THE STABILITY OF INTER AND INTRA ARCH RELATIONSHIPS AND POSITIONAL STABILITY OF PREPARED TEETH AND THE PRESERVATION OF OCCLUSAL FUNCTION OF
ANTERIOR PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS BY PROVIDING APPROPRIATE PROTRUSIVE AND LATERAL GUIDANCE 0ROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS SHOULD BE OF SUFFICIENT
STRENGTH TO RESIST THE FORCES OF OCCLUSION AND SHOULD BE LUTED WITH A CEMENT THAT WILL RESIST THE FORCES OF REMOVAL YET ALLOW EASY REMOVAL AT
THE FIT APPOINTMENT WITHOUT LEAVING A RESIDUE ON THE PREPARED TOOTH
4HIS PAPER DESCRIBES THE USE OF PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS IN INDIRECT RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY AND SUGGESTS SOME SPECIFIC TECHNIQUES
FOR CLINICAL USE
#LINICAL 2ELEVANCE 0ROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS ARE IMPORTANT IN MAINTAINING THE OCCLUSAL RELATIONSHIPS AND FUNCTION OF THE PREPARED TOOTH
TEETH MAINTAINING THE APPEARANCE AND PROTECTING PREPARED DENTINE POORLY CONSTRUCTED PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS MAY LEAD TO EMERGENCY
VISITS
$ENT 5PDATE    

0ROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS ARE AN INTEGRAL PART
OF INDIRECT RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY 4HEY ARE
PLACED FOLLOWING TOOTH PREPARATION AND
SHOULD REMAIN IN SITU UNTIL THE DEFINITIVE
RESTORATION OR PROSTHESIS IS PLACED 4HEY ARE
&* 4REVOR "URKE $$3 -$3 -3C
-'$3 &$3 2#3%DIN &$3 2#3 %NG
&!$- 0ROFESSOR OF 0RIMARY $ENTAL #ARE
5NIVERSITY OF "IRMINGHAM 3CHOOL OF
$ENTISTRY -ADELEINE # -URRAY "$3
-3C -0HIL &$32EST $ENT 2#03 -2$
2#3%NG 3PECIALIST IN 2ESTORATIVE
$ENTISTRY .IDDRIE 3QUARE #LINIC 'LASGOW
AND !DRIAN ## 3HORTALL $$3 &$3 &&$
2#3) 2EADER IN 2ESTORATIVE $ENTISTRY
5NIVERSITY OF "IRMINGHAM 3CHOOL
OF $ENTISTRY 3T #HADS 1UEENSWAY
"IRMINGHAM " .. 5+
ALSO KNOWN AS @INTERIM RESTORATIONS WITH SAME AS FOR THE DEFINITIVE RESTORATION WITH
AN INTERIM PROSTHESIS DEFINED AS @A FIXED OR THE EXCEPTION OF LONGEVITY AND POSSIBLY
REMOVABLE PROSTHESIS DESIGNED TO ENHANCE AS SUGGESTED BY 3KUROW AND .EVINS  THE
AESTHETICS STABILIZATION ANDOR FUNCTION FOR A SOPHISTICATION OF COLOUR
LIMITED PERIOD OF TIME AFTER WHICH IT IS TO BE 3EVERAL TYPES OF RESTORATION MAY
REPLACED BY A DEFINITIVE PROSTHESIS !S THE BE CONSIDERED AS PROVISIONAL SINCE THEY
COMPLEXITY OF THE PROPOSED PROSTHODONTIC
TREATMENT INCREASES SO TOO DOES THE
IMPORTANCE OF THE PROVISIONAL RESTORATION
AS A DIAGNOSTIC APPLIANCE 3UCH PROSTHESES
MAY ALSO BE USED TO ASSIST IN DETERMINATION
OF THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF A SPECIFIC
TREATMENT PLAN OR THE FORM AND FUNCTION
OF THE PLANNED DEFINITIVE PROSTHESIS
&OR EXAMPLE THROUGH DUPLICATION OF
A DIAGNOSTIC WAX UP THE PROVISIONAL
RESTORATION MAY HELP DETERMINE WHETHER
THE PROPOSED PROSTHESIS SATISFIES AESTHETIC
EXPECTATIONS AND FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS &IGURE  &RACTURED PALATAL CUSP OF MAXILLARY
4HE POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS OF A PROVISIONAL PREMOLAR RESTORED TEMPORARILY USING GLASS
RESTORATION  4ABLE  ARE ESSENTIALLY THE IONOMER CEMENT

/CTOBER  $ENTAL5PDATE 

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 2ESTORATIVE$ENTISTRY
"IOLOGIC
„ 0ROTECT PULP FROM ADVERSE EFFECTS OF MICROLEAKAGECOVER PREPARED TOOTH TO PREVENT
SENSITIVITY
„ -AINTAIN PERIODONTAL HEALTH BY PRODUCING CLEANSABLE CONTOURS CORRECT EMERGENCE
PROFILE AND SMOOTH WELL FITTING WELL FINISHED MARGINS WHICH DO NOT IMPINGE ON THE
PERIODONTAL TISSUES
„ 0REVENT TOOTH OR CORE FRACTURE
-ECHANICAL
„ 2ESIST FUNCTIONAL LOADS WITHOUT EXCESSIVE WEAR FRACTURE OR DISPLACEMENT
„ -AINTAIN THE STABILITY OF INTER AND INTRA ARCH RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH THE ESTABLISHMENT
OF OPTIMAL PROXIMAL AND OCCLUSAL CONTACTS
„ -AINTAIN POSITIONAL STABILITY OF PREPARED TEETH THEREBY MAINTAINING CONTACT POINTS IN
SINGLE TOOTH PROSTHESES AND ABUTMENT POSITIONS IN BRIDGEWORK
„ -AINTAIN OCCLUSAL FUNCTION OF ANTERIOR PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS BY PROVIDING APPROPRIATE
PROTRUSIVE AND LATERAL GUIDANCE
„ 2ESIST FORCES OF REMOVAL
!ESTHETIC
„ -AINTAIN APPEARANCE OF PREPARED TOOTH BY MIMICKING THE PREPARED TOOTH OR THE FINAL
RESTORATION
4ABLE  &UNCTIONS OF A PROVISIONAL RESTORATION 
„ 2EMOVABLE PROSTHODONTICS FOR EXAMPLE
IMMEDIATE DENTURES
„ !CCESS CAVITY SEALS IN ROOT CANAL THERAPY
SINCE IT IS IMPORTANT TO MAINTAIN THE
INTEGRITY OF THE CORONAL SEAL FOR SUCCESSFUL
ENDODONTIC TREATMENT AS CORONAL
MICROLEAKAGE MAY LEAD TO CONTAMINATION
OF THE ROOT CANAL SYSTEM 4HIS APPLIES NOT
ONLY TO THE DEFINITIVE RESTORATION BUT TO
SEALS PLACED BETWEEN VISITS PRIOR TO THE
COMPLETION OF ROOT CANAL THERAPY
&IGURE  0HANTOM HEAD MODEL \ IS TO BE
PREPARED FOR A FULL COVERAGE CROWN PRE OPERATIVE „ /PERATIVE DENTISTRY n ZINC OXIDE
IMPRESSION TAKEN IN ALGINATE OR SILICONE PUTTY OR EUGENOL BASED CEMENTS MAY BE USED IN
MONOPHASE SILICONE IN ORDER TO FORM A MATRIX FOR THE TREATMENT OF DENTAL EMERGENCIES SUCH
THE PROVISIONAL RESTORATION AS LOST RESTORATIONS WHILE GLASS IONOMER
CEMENTS MAY BE USED IN THE TREATMENT OF
FRACTURED CUSPS &IGURE  
„ #ROWN AND BRIDGE WORK
)N ADDITION SOME SPECIFIC
TYPES OF RESTORATION MAY BE CONSIDERED AS
PROVISIONAL
„ $IAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC SPLINTS
„ &LUORIDE RELEASING MATERIALS PLACED
IN HIGHLY CARIES ACTIVE PATIENTS DURING A
STABILIZATION PHASE
)T IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS
&IGURE  4HE \ PREPARATION
ARTICLE TO DISCUSS THE USE OF PROVISIONAL
RESTORATIONS IN INDIRECT DENTISTRY 4HE USE
OF SPLINTS FLUORIDE RELEASING MATERIALS
MATERIALS FOR THE TREATMENT OF EMERGENCIES
ARE USED DURING THE TRANSITION TO DEFINITIVE AND TEMPORARY CORONAL SEALANT MATERIALS
RESTORATIONS 4HEY MAY BE CATEGORIZED DURING ENDODONTIC TREATMENTS IS BEYOND
ACCORDING TO THE ROLE FOR WHICH THEY ARE THE SCOPE OF THIS ARTICLE AND WILL NOT BE
USED DISCUSSED
 $ENTAL5PDATE
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0ROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS FOR
VENEERS INLAYS CROWNS AND
BRIDGES
)NLAYS
&OLLOWING THE PREPARATION OF
A CAVITY FOR AN INLAY THE DENTIST MAY FACE
THE CHALLENGE OF PROVISIONALLY RESTORING A
NON RETENTIVE CAVITY WITH A RESTORATION THAT
WILL BE RETAINED IN THE CAVITY IN FUNCTION
BUT EASILY REMOVED AT THE FIT APPOINTMENT
LEAVING A CLEAN AND UNALTERED SURFACE
!LTHOUGH ADHESIVE CEMENTS SUCH AS GLASS
IONOMER MAY READILY REMAIN IN SITU BETWEEN
APPOINTMENTS THEY WILL BE EXTREMELY DIFFICULT
IF NOT IMPOSSIBLE TO REMOVE SUCCESSFULLY
WITHOUT ALTERATION TO THE CAVITY #ONVENTIONAL
ZINC PHOSPHATE CEMENTS ARE STRONG DURABLE
AND CAN BE REMOVED FROM THE CAVITY LEAVING A
CLEAN UNCONTAMINATED SURFACE BY SECTIONING
WITH A BUR AT HIGH SPEED AND EXCAVATING THE
FRAGMENTS OF MATERIAL !S A RESULT THEY ARE
UNDERGOING A REVIVAL IN THIS SITUATION :INC
POLYCARBOXYLATE CEMENTS ARE AN ALTERNATIVE
AS THEY ARE LESS ADHESIVE THAN GLASS IONOMER
CEMENTS CEMENT REMNANTS MAY BE REMOVED
WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF AN AIR SCALER (OWEVER
THE REPLICA TECHNIQUE DESCRIBED BELOW
IN RELATION TO CROWNS HOLDS A NUMBER OF
ADVANTAGES
#ROWNS
0RE FORMED CROWNS
4HESE CROWNS ARE MANUFACTURED
IN A VARIETY OF SHAPES AND SIZES BUT
GENERALLY REQUIRE CONSIDERABLE ADJUSTMENT
TO FIT A GIVEN TOOTH 0LASTIC TOOTH COLOURED
PRE FORMED CROWNS ARE MANUFACTURED IN
POLYCARBONATE OR ACRYLIC !FTER ADJUSTMENT
FOR MARGINAL FIT AND OCCLUSION THEY ARE FILLED
WITH SELF CURED ACRYLIC RESIN TO PROVIDE A
CLOSE FIT
-ETAL PRE FORMED CROWNS
FOR POSTERIOR TEETH MAY BE PROVIDED
IN ALUMINIUM STAINLESS STEEL OR NICKEL
CHROMIUM !LUMINIUM SHELLS GENERALLY
REQUIRE CRIMPING AND BURNISHING TO PRODUCE
A REASONABLE MARGINAL FIT AND AS THESE
CROWNS DEFORM READILY THEY ARE THEREFORE
ONLY APPROPRIATE FOR SHORT TERM USE -ETAL
CROWNS OF VARIOUS TYPES MAY BE TRIMMED
FOR SIZE AND THEIR OCCLUSION ADJUSTED
4HESE ALSO MAY BE LINED WITH SELF CURING
ACRYLIC TO IMPROVE THEIR FIT BUT A THICK MIX
OF RESIN REINFORCED ZINC OXIDE EUGENOL
CEMENT MAY BE SUFFICIENT TO RETAIN THE
/CTOBER 
 2ESTORATIVE$ENTISTRY

STORED IMPRESSION IS LOADED WITH ONE OF THE

MATERIALS LISTED IN 4ABLE  4HE IMPRESSION
WHICH SHOULD BE TRIMMED TO ALLOW EASY
RE INSERTION IS RE SEATED IN THE MOUTH UNTIL
THE RESIN IS SET 4HE TEMPORARY CROWN IS THEN
REMOVED FROM THE IMPRESSION AND TRIMMED
TO REMOVE EXCESS MATERIAL AT ITS MARGINS AS
NECESSARY &OLLOWING FINISHING AND POLISHING
A LAYER OF UNFILLED RESIN SUCH AS "ISCOVER
"ISCO )NC 3CHAUMBURG 53! A RECENTLY
&IGURE  4EMPORARY CROWN MATERIAL SYRINGED INTO &IGURE  4EMPORARY CROWN REMOVED FROM IMPRESSION
INTRODUCED RESIN WHICH DOES NOT HAVE AN
PRE OP IMPRESSION AND TRIMMED WITH DISCS SUCH AS 3OFLEX DISCS - %30% 
OXYGEN INHIBITED LAYER MAY BE PAINTED
ON TO THE LABIAL SURFACE OF THE PROVISIONAL
CROWN IN ORDER TO PROVIDE A SHINY LIGHT
REFLECTIVE SURFACE
RESTORATION IN PLACE 4HE MAJOR DRAWBACK OF RESTORATION 4HIS MAY BE TAKEN WHILE THE
! SIMILAR TECHNIQUE USES A STENT
TECHNIQUES USING PRE FORMED CROWN FORMS LOCAL ANAESTHETIC IS TAKING EFFECT ! BROKEN
MOST OFTEN VACUUM FORMED POLYTHENE
IS THAT OCCLUSAL AND PROXIMAL STABILITY MAY DOWN TOOTH MAY BE BUILT UP IN SOFT RED WAX
MANUFACTURED FROM A PRE OPERATIVE
BE DIFFICULT TO ESTABLISH OWING TO THE PRE IN THE MOUTH BEFORE THIS PRE PREPARATION
STUDY CAST TO HOLD THE RESIN MATERIAL IN
EXISTING CONTOURS OF THE SHELL IMPRESSION IS TAKEN )N THIS RESPECT 7ASSELL
POSITION AROUND THE PREPARED TOOTH )F
AND COLLEAGUES HAVE SUGGESTED THAT THE
IT IS NECESSARY TO ALTER THE SHAPE OF THE
ADHESION OF THE SOFT RED WAX TO THE BROKEN
#USTOM MADE PROVISIONAL RESTORATION n THE TOOTH BEING PREPARED BECAUSE OF LOSS OF
DOWN TOOTH IS ENHANCED BY FIRST PAINTING
@2EPLICA TECHNIQUE TOOTH SUBSTANCE THEN A STENT MADE FROM
THE TOOTH WITH COPAL ETHER VARNISH AND
7HILE PRE FORMED CROWNS MAY A DUPLICATE CAST OF A DIAGNOSTIC WAX UP
ALLOWING THIS TO DRY 4HE PRE PREPARATION
BE THE ONLY OPTION POSSIBLE IF THERE IS NO MAY BE USED )N ADDITION TO PROVIDING A
IMPRESSION IS THEN STORED APPROPRIATELY
EXISTING CROWN TO USE AS A TEMPLATE THE TEMPORARY RESTORATION THE USE OF A CLEAR
FOR USE FOLLOWING TOOTH PREPARATION )N
CUSTOM MADE CROWN HOLDS A NUMBER OF STENT ENABLES THE DENTIST TO EXAMINE
PRACTICE THE AUTHORS GENERALLY TAKE A FULL
ADVANTAGES 4HESE INCLUDE THE EXTENT OF TOOTH REDUCTION BY DIRECTLY
ARCH IMPRESSION 2EGARDING THE MATERIAL
„ 4HE ABILITY TO REPLICATE PRE OPERATIVE OBSERVING THE PREPARED TOOTH OR ABUTMENT
OF CHOICE FOR THE MATRIX IMPRESSION
OCCLUSAL CONTACTS 4HIS MAY BE OF VALUE IN AVOIDING OVER
ELASTOMERIC MATERIALS HAVE THE ADVANTAGE
„ 4HE ABILITY TO REPLICATE THE PRE OPERATIVE CONTOURING OF THE DEFINITIVE RESTORATION
OF BEING REUSABLE n THEY CAN BE DISINFECTED
SHAPE OF THE TOOTH BEING PREPARED AS A RESULT OF INSUFFICIENT TOOTH REDUCTION
AND STORED UNTIL THE FIT APPOINTMENT IN
„ 4HE ABILITY TO MAKE A PROVISIONAL CROWN OF 2ETAINING THE STENT AFTER THE PREPARATION
CASE THE PROVISIONAL RESTORATION REQUIRES
CLOSE FIT APPOINTMENT ENSURES THAT THE PROVISIONAL
REMAKING BEFORE THE DELIVERY OF THE
4HE TECHNIQUE &IGURES CAN BE RELATIVELY EASILY REPLACED IF BREAKAGE
DEFINITIVE RESTORATION (OWEVER ALGINATE HAS
n INVOLVES TAKING A PRE PREPARATION OCCURS
THE ADVANTAGE OF GOOD ABSORPTION OF THE
IMPRESSION OF THE TOOTH TO BE PREPARED
EXOTHERM PRODUCED IN POLYMERIZATION OF
AND THOSE ADJACENT TO IT IN ALGINATE
RESIN PROVISIONAL MATERIALS -ATERIALS FOR THE REPLICA TECHNIQUE
SILICONE PUTTY OR MONOPHASE SILICONE IN
&OLLOWING TOOTH REDUCTION THE ! VARIETY OF MATERIALS ARE
ORDER TO FORM A MATRIX FOR THE PROVISIONAL
AVAILABLE SOME ARE LISTED IN 4ABLE  7HILE
POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE 0--! HAS THE
GREATEST STRENGTH OF THE METHACRYLATE
.AME -ANUFACTURER 0RINCIPAL COMPONENTS RESINS AND HAS GOOD AESTHETICS 
0ROTEMP 'ARANT  - %30% 3EEFELD 'ERMANY $IMETHACRYLATESTRONTIUM GLASS ITS POLYMERIZATION CONTRACTION MAY
FILLERS COMPROMISE THE FIT OF RESTORATIONS FORMED
5NIFAST '# ,EUVEN "ELGIUM -ETHYL METHACRYLATEFILLERS IN THIS MATERIAL AND USE ADDITIONAL CHAIRSIDE
0ROVILEC '# ,EUVEN "ELGIUM "IS ACRYLATE COMPOSITEFILLERS TIME AS ADDITIONS TO THE CROWN ARE MADE
3TRUCTUR 3# 6OCO 'MB( #UXHAVEN 'ERMANY $IMETHACRYLATESGLASS MICROFILLERS AT THE CHAIRSIDE AND THE POLYMERIZATION
4EMPHASE +ERR -FG #O /RANGE #! 53! "IS ACRYLATE RESINGLASS MICROFILLERS EXOTHERM HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR PULPAL
)NTEGRITY $ENTSPLY -ILFORD $% 53! -ULTIFUNCTIONAL METHACRYLATES DAMAGE "Y COMPARISON POLYETHYL
BARIUM GLASSFUMED SILICA METHACRYLATE HAS THE ADVANTAGES OF
4RIM¸ (ARRY * "OSWORTH 3TOKIE 0OLYETHYL METHACRYLATE RESIN REDUCED POLYMERIZATION AND LESS EXOTHERM
)LLINOIS ON POLYMERIZATION BUT STRENGTH WEAR
3NAP 0ARKELL .EW 9ORK 53! 0OLYETHYL METHACRYLATE RESIN RESISTANCE AND COLOUR STABILITY ARE NOT AS
GOODn 3URFACE FINISH MAY ALSO CONTRIBUTE
4ABLE  3OME COMMONLY USED PROVISIONAL MATERIALS TO COLOUR STABILITY AS UNPOLISHED SURFACES

/CTOBER  $ENTAL5PDATE 

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 2ESTORATIVE$ENTISTRY
&IGURE  4EMPORARY CROWN LUTED WITH 4EMP"OND
#LEAR +ERR -FG #O 
&IGURE  ,AYER OF UNFILLED RESIN "ISCOVER "ISCO )NC
PLACED TO PROVIDE @GLAZE
&IGURE  #OMPLETED @REPLICA TEMPORARY CROWN
WILL DARKEN MORE READILY THAN HIGHLY
POLISHED ONES )N THIS RESPECT A COATING OF
UNFILLED RESIN ON THE PROVISIONAL RESTORATION
SURFACE AS DESCRIBED ABOVE ENHANCES THE
APPEARANCE IN THE OPINION OF THE AUTHORS
&IGURES  AND  
"IS ACRYLATE COMPOSITES HAVE
THE ADVANTAGES OF LESS EXOTHERM LESS
POTENTIAL FOR PULPAL IRRITATION  AND LESS
SHRINKAGE THAN OTHER PROVISIONAL RESINS
4HEIR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ARE REASONABLE BUT
EARLY VERSIONS OF THESE MATERIALS WERE BRITTLE
IN THIN SECTIONS "IS ACRYLATE RESINS EXHIBIT
BETTER MICROHARDNESS AND POTENTIALLY BETTER
RESISTANCE TO WEAR THAN TRADITIONAL 0--!
MATERIALS 4HE MATERIAL IS EASILY ADDED TO
IF REQUIRED ,ATEST VERSIONS ARE AVAILABLE IN
A RANGE OF SHADES EG 0ROTEMP 'ARANT  IS
AVAILABLE IN FOUR 6ITA 4- SHADES n - %30%
3EEFELD 'ERMANY  "IS ACRYLATE COMPOSITE
 $ENTAL5PDATE
&IGURE  3MALL SPOT OF ETCHANT PLACED ON ENAMEL
AT THE CENTRE OF A VENEER PREPARATION
RESINS HAD OVER HALF OF THE 53 MARKET SHARE
IN  4HE MATERIAL IS EASILY ADDED TO IF
REQUIRED
)N SUMMARY FOR SINGLE UNIT
RESTORATIONS BIS ACRYLATE MATERIALS THEREFORE
OFFER MANY ADVANTAGES INCLUDING LOW
POLYMERIZATION SHRINKAGE AND GOOD
MARGINAL FIT MINIMAL ODOUR AND TASTE QUICK
SETTING AND EASE OF TRIMMING #ARTRIDGE
DELIVERY SYSTEMS SIMPLIFY AND MAKE MIXING
MORE CONSISTENT $ISADVANTAGES INCLUDE
BRITTLENESS AND INCREASED COST
,IGHT CURED PROVISIONAL MATERIALS
ARE ALSO AVAILABLE 7HILE THESE GIVE THE
OPERATOR CONTROL OVER WORKING TIME THEY
REQUIRE THE ADDITIONAL TIME OR EXPENSE IN
CONSTRUCTION OF A CLEAR STENT THROUGH WHICH
THE MATERIAL IS CURED
$IRECTINDIRECT TECHNIQUE
,ESS FREQUENTLY USED IS A DIRECT
INDIRECT CHAIRSIDE TECHNIQUE TO MAKE
PROVISIONAL CROWNS )N THIS TECHNIQUE AN
IMPRESSION IS TAKEN BEFORE THE TOOTH IS
PREPARED AND THIS IS STORED )MMEDIATELY
FOLLOWING TOOTH PREPARATION AN ALGINATE
IMPRESSION IS TAKEN AND POURED IN QUICK
SETTING PLASTER /NCE THIS IS SET THE ORIGINAL
IMPRESSION IS FILLED WITH RESIN PLACED ON
THE CAST OF THE PREPARED TOOTHTEETH AND
THE PROVISIONAL RESTORATION CONSTRUCTED AS
DESCRIBED FOR THE REPLICA TECHNIQUE ABOVE
! MAJOR ADVANTAGE OF THIS
TECHNIQUE IS THAT WHEN USING ACRYLIC
TYPE RESINS IT AVOIDS THE EXPOSURE OF THE
PATIENT TO THE HEAT SMELL AND TASTE OF THE
SETTING MATERIAL 4HE MAJOR DRAWBACK OF THE
TECHNIQUE IS THE ADDITIONAL COST IN TERMS OF
TIME ALTHOUGH THIS MAY BE MINIMIZED BY
USING THE SETTING AND CURING TIME TO MAKE
THE WORKING MASTER IMPRESSION OF THE TEETH
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&IGURE  %TCHANT WASHED OFF BONDING RESIN
APPLIED THIN VENEER OF COMPOSITE PLACED OVER
LABIAL SURFACE AND LIGHT CURED !T FIT APPOINTMENT
THE COMPOSITE VENEER MAY BE REMOVED BY
INSERTING A FLAT PLASTIC INSTRUMENT BETWEEN
PREPARATION AND TEMPORARY VENEER AT THE INCISAL
EDGE AND TWISTING THE INSTRUMENT
,ABORATORY MADE PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS
$ESPITE THE ADDITIONAL COST
INVOLVED IN LABORATORY CHARGES FOR
LABORATORY MADE PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS
THESE MAY PRESENT ADVANTAGES IN CASES
WHERE LONG TERM TEMPORIZATION IS
INDICATED )N GENERAL THE APPEARANCE OF
LABORATORY MADE PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS
WILL BE BETTER AND MATERIALS WHICH CAN BE
HEAT OR HEATLIGHT CURED IN THE LABORATORY
MAY OFFER IMPROVED DURABILITY COMPARED
WITH THOSE CONSTRUCTED AT THE CHAIRSIDE
4HIS ALSO ALLOWS ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSED
SHAPE EG TOOTH POSITION APPEARANCE
6ENEERS
4HE PLACEMENT OF PROVISIONAL
RESTORATIONS TO COVER VENEER PREPARATIONS
IS GENERALLY NECESSARY BECAUSE THE
PREPARED TOOTHTEETH MAY BE SENSITIVE
AND OF LESS THAN IDEAL APPEARANCE
!DDITIONALLY THE PLACEMENT OF VENEER
PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS WILL PREVENT
APPROXIMAL MOVEMENT OF THE PREPARED
TEETH 7HILE IT IS POSSIBLE TO PRODUCE
PROVISIONAL VENEER RESTORATIONS USING THE
REPLICA TECHNIQUE SUCH RESTORATIONS ARE
GENERALLY THIN AND PRESENT DIFFICULTIES IN
CEMENTATION TO THE PREPARED TEETH )T IS
THE AUTHORS CONTENTION THAT PROVISIONAL
VENEER RESTORATIONS ARE BEST FORMED IN
DIRECT PLACEMENT RESIN COMPOSITE AND SPOT
BONDED TO THE PREPARED TOOTH SURFACE AS
DESCRIBED IN &IGURES  AND 
/CTOBER 
 2ESTORATIVE$ENTISTRY
&IGURE  ! TEMPORARY BRIDGE 0ROTEMP 'ARANT 
n - %30% REPLACING UPPER CENTRAL INCISORS THREE
WEEKS POST PLACEMENT
7HEN TO MAKE PROVISIONAL
RESTORATIONS
0ROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS SHOULD
NOT BE CONSTRUCTED IN A RUSH AT THE END
OF A PREPARATION APPOINTMENT n IT HAS
PREVIOUSLY BEEN CONSIDERED BY 7ASSELL AND
COLLEAGUES THAT THE TIME TAKEN TO CONSTRUCT
A PROVISIONAL RESTORATION SHOULD BE THE
SAME AS THE TIME SPENT ON ITS PREPARATION
)DEALLY PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS SHOULD BE
MADE FOLLOWING PREPARATION AND PRIOR TO
TAKING THE FINAL IMPRESSION 4HIS WILL PERMIT
THE MEASUREMENT OF THE THICKNESS OF THE
PROVISIONAL RESTORATION THEREBY PROVIDING
THE CLINICIAN WITH A MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT
OF TOOTH REDUCTION WHICH S HE MAY THEN
ASSESS AS BEING SUFFICIENT OR NOT
-AGNE IN A RECENT LITERATURE
REVIEW HAS SUGGESTED THE CONCEPT OF
@)MMEDIATE $ENTINE 3EALING )N THIS
CONCEPT HE RECOMMENDS THE SEALING OF
FRESHLY CUT DENTINE WITH A DENTINE BONDING
AGENT $"! IMMEDIATELY AFTER TOOTH
PREPARATION BEFORE THE IMPRESSION IS TAKEN
"Y SEALING THE DENTINE PATIENTS EXPERIENCE
LESS SENSITIVITY DURING PROVISIONALIZATION
AND LIMITED NEED FOR ANAESTHESIA DURING
INSERTION OF THE DEFINITIVE RESTORATION 4HIS
TECHNIQUE ALSO TERMED THE DUAL BONDING
TECHNIQUE BY 0AUL AND 3CHERRER  ALSO
AVOIDS THE POTENTIAL PROBLEMS OF IMPERFECT
SEATING OF ADHESIVELY LUTED RESTORATIONS
OWING TO THE POOLING OF $"!S BECAUSE THE
IMPRESSION IS TAKEN AFTER PLACEMENT OF THE
$"!
! WORD OF WARNING
7HEN
USING THIS TECHNIQUE THE CLINICIAN SHOULD
CONSTRUCT THE PROVISIONAL RESTORATION
PRIOR TO PLACEMENT OF THE $"! BECAUSE IF
THE $"! IS PLACED FIRST THE RESIN BASED
 $ENTAL5PDATE
PROVISIONAL WILL BOND TO THE $"! AND WILL BE
DIFFICULT OR IMPOSSIBLE TO REMOVE
&IXED 0ROSTHODONTICS
,ONG TERM PROVISIONALS FOR DIAGNOSTIC USE
)N COMPLEX CASES PROVISIONAL
RESTORATIONS PLACED FOR SEVERAL MONTHS MAY
PROVIDE THE DENTIST WITH THE OPPORTUNITY
TO CHECK AND MODIFY OCCLUSAL SURFACES IN
ORDER TO PROVIDE THE DESIRED GUIDANCE
AND FUNCTIONAL SCHEMES PRIOR TO SENDING
THAT INFORMATION TO THE LABORATORY AT THE
TIME OF THE FINAL IMPRESSION 4HEY ALLOW
THE DENTIST TO ASSESS SOFT TISSUE RESPONSE
AND ACCEPTABILITY OF A NEW RESTORATION
4HE PATIENT HAS THE OPPORTUNITY TO ASSESS
AESTHETICS AND PHONETICS IF TOOTH FORM IS TO
BE ALTERED AND THE CLINICIAN CAN ALTER PALATAL
CONTOURS IF REQUIRED &INALLY LONG TERM
PROVISIONALS GIVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO LOAD
IMPLANTS PROGRESSIVELY 5SED PROPERLY GOOD
LONG TERM PROVISIONALS ARE LIKELY TO IMPROVE
THE QUALITY OF THE FINAL RESTORATION FROM THE
CLINICIANS POINT OF VIEW AND ITS ACCEPTABILITY
BY THE PATIENT &OR COMPLEX MULTIPLE UNIT
LONG TERM PROVISIONAL FIXED PROSTHESES THE
0--! PROVISIONAL MATERIALS REMAIN THE BEST
CHOICE BECAUSE THEY HAVE THE FOLLOWING
QUALITIES
„ (IGH FLEXURAL STRENGTH
„ 'OOD COLOUR STABILITY AND POLISHABILITY
„ !CCEPTABLE MARGINAL FIT AND
„ #OST EFFECTIVENESS
3HORT TERM PROVISIONALS
7HILE THE PLACEMENT OF
PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS OVER ABUTMENT
TEETH PREPARED FOR BRIDGE RETAINERS WILL
SOMETIMES SUFFICE IT IS NOT DESIRABLE AS
MOVEMENT OF ABUTMENT TEETH MAY OCCUR
! PROVISIONAL BRIDGE SHOULD THEREFORE BE
CONSTRUCTED FOR AESTHETIC OR FUNCTIONAL
REASONS AND TO MAINTAIN TOOTH POSITIONS
)N SUCH SITUATIONS THE PRACTITIONER MUST
CONTEND WITH THE EXTRA MECHANICAL STRESSES
PLACED ON THE PROVISIONAL BRIDGE MATERIAL
AS IT EXTENDS OVER MISSING UNITS 4HESE
RESTORATIONS MUST DO MORE THAN TEMPORARILY
PROTECT TEETH AND MEET AESTHETIC
REQUIREMENTS THEY MUST ALSO STABILIZE TOOTH
POSITION AND OCCLUSAL CONTACTS BETWEEN THE
RECORDING OF THE MASTER IMPRESSION AND THE
DELIVERY OF THE DEFINITIVE BRIDGE
)N THE AUTHORSg EXPERIENCE
PROVISIONAL BRIDGES FORMED IN MODERN
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MATERIALS SUCH AS 0ROTEMP 'ARANT  AND
CONSTRUCTED USING THE REPLICA TECHNIQUE
PROVIDE GOOD SERVICE FOR THREE UNIT BRIDGES
OVER A   WEEK PERIOD FROM BRIDGE
PREPARATION TO DELIVERY &IGURE   (OWEVER
IF A PROVISIONAL BRIDGE IS LARGE OR LIKELY
TO BE IN PLACE FOR EXTENDED PERIODS OF
TIME REINFORCEMENT TO PREVENT REPEATED
BREAKAGE AND TO CONTROL THE OCCLUSION
AND TOOTH POSITION MAY BE INDICATED
IF THIS TYPE OF MATERIAL IS TO BE USED
4HESE BRIDGES ARE GENERALLY MADE IN
THE LABORATORY BUT CAN BE MADE AT THE
CHAIRSIDE 3EVERAL TECHNIQUES MAY BE
CONSIDERED
„ /RTHODONTIC BAND MATERIAL MAY BE
USED TO ADAPT AROUND ABUTMENTS AND
FORM A LINK BETWEEN PONTICS 4HIS ADAPTED
BAND MATERIAL MAY THEN BE WELDED AS
REQUIRED AND CROWN FORMS BUILT OVER IT IN
SUITABLE RESIN MATERIAL
„ -ORE RECENTLY GLASS OR HIGH MOLECULAR
WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE FIBRES HAVE BEEN
USED TO REINFORCE PROVISIONAL BRIDGEWORK
4HE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THESE
MATERIALS VARY WIDELY ACCORDING TO FIBRE
TYPE ARCHITECTURE UNIDIRECTIONAL WOVEN
OR BRAIDED QUALITY OF RESIN IMPREGNATION
AND FIBRE TO RESIN MATRIX RATIO 3OME
MANUFACTURERS SUPPLY NON IMPREGNATED
gDRYg FIBRE PRODUCTS THAT REQUIRE RESIN
IMPREGNATION BY THE DENTIST OR LABORATORY
TECHNICIAN WHILST OTHERS ARE MACHINE
PRE IMPREGNATED WITH RESIN BY THE
MANUFACTURER 7HETHER DIRECT SEMI
DIRECT OR INDIRECT APPROACHES ARE TAKEN
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A &2# PROVISIONAL
PROSTHESIS APPROPRIATE SUBSTRUCTURE
DESIGN WITH HIGH VOLUME OF FIBRE IN THE
PONTIC REGION AND SUCCESSFUL CHEMICAL
BONDING BETWEEN THE AIR INHIBITED
SURFACE OF THE COMPLETED SUBSTRUCTURE
AND THE VENEERING COMPOSITE ARE CRITICAL
FACTORS FOR CLINICAL LONGEVITY
„ #OMPOSITE RESIN HAS BEEN ADVOCATED
AS AN ADDITION TO THE OCCLUSAL SURFACE
OF ACRYLIC PROVISIONALS BECAUSE OF ITS
INCREASED WEAR RESISTANCE AND STRENGTH
4HE EFFECTIVENESS OF THESE
STRENGTHENING MECHANISMS HAS BEEN
CONSIDERED TO VARY WITH THE OVER RIDING
CONSIDERATION BEING THE BOND BETWEEN
THE REINFORCING MATERIAL AND THE RESIN
&URTHERMORE IF THE REINFORCING MATERIALS
BECOME EXPOSED AT THE SURFACE THEY WILL
BE DIFFICULT TO POLISH AND WILL ATTRACT ORAL
BACTERIA
/CTOBER 

&IGURE  5NSATISFACTORY TEMPORARY RESTORATIONS
OF POOR FIT AND APPEARANCE 0ATIENT CLAIMED THAT
THE CROWNS BECAME DISCOLOURED AFTER EATING A
CURRY
4RANSFERRING INFORMATION ON
PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS TO THE
LABORATORY
)N CASES IN WHICH THE CLINICIAN
HAS USED THE PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS TO
DEVELOP A SPECIFIC OCCLUSAL SCHEME THE
ACCURATE TRANSFER OF INFORMATION FROM CLINIC
ADJUSTED PROVISIONALS TO THE LABORATORY
IS CENTRAL TO THE SUCCESS OF THE FINAL
RESTORATION 4HIS STEP CAN BE CHALLENGING
BUT IF NOT CARRIED OUT EFFECTIVELY MAY LEAD
TO OCCLUSAL AESTHETIC OR PHONETIC FAILURE IN
THE FINAL RESTORATION
4HE FOLLOWING PROCEDURE HAS
BEEN SUGGESTED 
„ $OUBLE POUR OF THE FINAL MASTER CAST 4HE
FIRST POUR CAST IS KEPT FOR FINAL FABRICATION OF
THE BRIDGEWORK
„ 4HE PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS ARE REMOVED
FROM THE PATIENTgS MOUTH AND PLACED ON THE
SECOND MASTER CAST
„ ! SILICONE PUTTY IMPRESSION IS RECORDED OF
THE CASTPROVISIONAL ASSEMBLY
„ 7AX IS POURED INTO THE SILICONE PUTTY
TEMPLATE AND WHILE STILL FLUID THE PUTTYWAX
IS SEATED ON THE SECOND MASTER CAST
„ 4HIS WAX ANALOGUE OF THE PROVISIONAL
RESTORATIONS IS REFINED IF REQUIRED BUT
FORMS A REPLICA OF THE PROVISIONAL RESTORATION
„ 0ROVISIONAL RESTORATION IN HYPEROCCLUSION IN INTERCUSPAL POSITION OR LATERAL EXCURSIONS
„ )NSUFFICIENT TOOTH PREPARATION n WILL LEAD TO A THIN PROVISIONAL RESTORATION WHICH MAY
THEN FRACTURE
„ )NADEQUATE TOOTH PREPARATION n PREPARATIONS LACKING ADEQUATE RESISTANCE AND
RETENTION FORM WILL BE MORE LIKELY TO FAIL
„ 5NACCEPTABLE AESTHETICS &IGURE  
„ )NCORRECT CHOICE OF MATERIAL OR LUTING CEMENT
4ABLE  #AUSES OF FAILURE OF PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS
/CTOBER 
&IGURE  5NSATISFACTORY TEMPORARY RESTORATIONS
OF POOR FIT AND APPEARANCE 0ATIENT ATTENDED
COMPLAINING OF SENSITIVITY AT DEFICIENT MARGINS
WHICH THE PATIENT WAS USING
,INGUAL AND LABIAL INDICES OF
THE WAX ANALOGUE MAY BE MADE FOR USE IN
THE FINAL PORCELAIN OR WAX BUILD UPS )T WILL
BE APPARENT TO READERS THAT THIS TECHNIQUE
INVOLVES EXTRA CLINICIAN TIME BUT IT SHOULD
ENSURE THAT THE TECHNICIAN RECEIVES THE
INFORMATION NEEDED TO PROCEED IN THE
LABORATORY WITH THE FINAL CASTING AND
PORCELAIN WORK
!LONG WITH THE MASTER
IMPRESSION AND PROVISIONAL ANALOGUE
ADEQUATE OCCLUSAL RECORDS MUST BE SENT
FROM THE CLINIC TO THE LABORATORY TO ALLOW THE
TECHNICIAN TO LOCATE THE MODELS ACCURATELY
)N THE LEAST CASE THE FOLLOWING RECORDS MUST
BE SENT WITH THE FINAL IMPRESSION
„ !N IMPRESSION OF THE OPPOSING TEETH
„ ! FACE BOW RECORD WITH WHICH TO MOUNT
THE UPPER CAST ON THE ARTICULATOR
„ !N INTEROCCLUSAL RECORD WITH WHICH
TO MOUNT THE LOWER TO THE UPPER CAST
OR A RECORD OF THE MAXILLO MANDIBULAR
RELATIONSHIP IN THE RETRUDED OR DESIRED
POSITION
„ 0ROTRUSIVE AND LATERAL RECORDS TO SET THE
CONDYLAR ANGLES ON THE ARTICULATOR
)T SHOULD BE REMEMBERED THAT
THE OCCLUSAL RECORDS MUST BE ADEQUATE NOT
ONLY ON LEAVING THE CLINIC BUT ON ARRIVING
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2ESTORATIVE$ENTISTRY
IN THE LABORATORY -ANY OF THE COMMONLY
USED REGISTRATION MATERIALS ESPECIALLY
UNCORRECTED WAXES DISTORT SIGNIFICANTLY
DURING RECORDING AND TRANSFER )T IS
ADVISABLE TO USE A REGISTRATION MATERIAL
THAT PROVIDES AN ACCURATE RECORD FOR THE
TECHNICIAN
,UTING MATERIALS FOR PROVISIONAL
RESTORATIONS
0ROVISIONAL CEMENTS SHOULD BE
EASILY REMOVED WITHOUT CAUSING DAMAGE
OR ALTERATION TO THE PREPARED SURFACE )N
GENERAL PROVISIONAL LUTING MATERIALS ARE
SUPPLIED WITH A SOFTENER THAT FACILITATES
REMOVAL OF THE RESTORATION AT THE FIT
APPOINTMENT (OWEVER IF A PROVISIONAL
RESTORATION IS REQUIRED TO REMAIN IN PLACE FOR
AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME A PERMANENT
CEMENT SUCH AS ZINC PHOSPHATE MAY BE
CONSIDERED GLASS IONOMER MATERIALS ARE
CONTRA INDICATED IN SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES AS
THESE WILL ADHERE TO THE PREPARED TOOTH
7HEN RESIN BASED MATERIALS
AND ADHESIVE BONDING SYSTEMS ARE TO
BE USED IN PERMANENT RESTORATIONS THE
PRACTITIONER MUST ENSURE THAT THE TEMPORARY
LUTING CEMENT USED DURING TREATMENT DOES
NOT INTERFERE WITH SUBSEQUENT BONDING
PROCEDURES 4EMPORARY CEMENTS WHICH ARE
FREE FROM EUGENOL EG 4EMP"OND .%¸ +ERR
-FG #O /RANGE #! 53! SHOULD BE USED
AS THERE IS SOME EVIDENCE THAT EUGENOL
MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT THE BOND TO RESIN 
NOTWITHSTANDING ITS POTENTIAL TO PLASTICIZE
THE RESIN SURFACE 0ROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS
FOR MINIMAL PREPARATION CROWNS SUCH AS
DENTINE BONDED CROWNS MAY BE THIN AND
AS A RESULT WHITE TEMPORARY LUTING MATERIALS
SUCH AS 4EMP"OND +ERR -FG #O MAY
SHINE THROUGH THE PROVISIONAL RESTORATION
TO THE DETRIMENT OF ITS APPEARANCE )N
THIS RESPECT THE DUAL CURE RESIN BASED
SYSTEM 4EMP"OND #LEAR +ERR -FG #O
WHICH IS TOOTH COLOURED MAY BE OF VALUE
)F EUGENOL CONTAINING MATERIALS HAVE BEEN
USED POLISHING THE TOOTH PREPARATION WITH
PUMICE AND WATER AFTER THE PROVISIONAL
RESTORATION IS REMOVED REMOVES THE EUGENOL
RESIDUE AND THE BOND TO ENAMEL AND
DENTINE IS THEN UNAFFECTED 
&AILURE OF PROVISIONAL
RESTORATIONS
&AILURE OF A PROVISIONAL
$ENTAL5PDATE 
 2ESTORATIVE$ENTISTRY
RESTORATION IS FRUSTRATING FOR THE PATIENT
GIVEN THE TIME AND INCONVENIENCE THAT
ATTENDANCE FOR RE CEMENTATION OF THE
PROVISIONAL RESTORATION MAY INVOLVE
!DDITIONALLY TEETH MAY MOVE DURING THE
TIME THAT THE PROVISIONAL RESTORATION
IS DECEMENTED LEADING TO OPERATOR
FRUSTRATION AT THE FIT APPOINTMENT AS
ADJUSTMENTS ARE REQUIRED OR A RE MAKE
INDICATED 4ABLE  PRESENTS COMMON CAUSES
OF FAILURE OF PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS
%XAMPLES OF UNSATISFACTORY TEMPORARY
CROWNS WHICH PRESENTED IN AN EMERGENCY
CLINIC ARE SHOWN IN &IGURES  AND 
#ONCLUSIONS
0ROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS PLAY
AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN INDIRECT DENTISTRY IN
MAINTAINING THE POSITION OF THE PREPARED
TOOTHTEETH THEIR APPEARANCE AND FUNCTION
!N ADEQUATE AMOUNT OF CHAIRSIDE TIME
MUST THEREFORE BE TAKEN TO ENSURE THAT
THEY ARE SUCCESSFUL DURING THE TIME
REQUIRED TO CONSTRUCT THE RESTORATION !
NUMBER OF MATERIALS ARE AVAILABLE BUT BIS
ACRYLATE MATERIALS APPEAR TO OFFER MANY
ADVANTAGES INCLUDING
„ ,OW POLYMERIZATION SHRINKAGE
„ 'OOD MARGINAL FIT
„ -INIMAL ODOUR AND TASTE
„ 1UICK SETTING
„ %ASE OF TRIMMING AND
„ 3IMPLE CARTRIDGE DELIVERY SYSTEMS
&OR SINGLE UNITS OR SMALL SPAN
BRIDGES THE gREPLICAg TECHNIQUE HOLDS
ADVANTAGES SUCH AS THE REPRODUCTION
OF PRE OPERATIVE OCCLUSAL CONTACTS AND
THE PRE OPERATIVE SHAPE OF THE TOOTH
BEING PREPARED AND THE ABILITY TO MAKE A
PROVISIONAL CROWN OF CLOSE FIT
2EFERENCES
 'LOSSARY OF PROSTHODONTIC TERMS * 0ROS
$ENT   n
 $ENTAL5PDATE
 'RATTON $' !QUILINO 3! )NTERIM
RESTORATIONS $ENT #LIN . !M  
n
 7ASSELL 27 3T'EORGE ' )NGLEDEW 20
3TEELE *' "R $ENT *   n
 3KUROW (- .EVINS - 4HE RATIONALE
OF THE PREPERIODONTAL PROVISIONAL
BIOLOGIC TRIAL RESTORATION )NT * 0ERIODONT
2EST $ENT   n
 -OULDING -" 4EPLITSKY 0% )NTRAPULPAL
TEMPERATURE DURING DIRECT FABRICATION
OF PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS )NT *
0ROSTHODONT   n
 7ANG 2, -OORE "+ 'OODACRE #*
3WARTZ -, !NDRES #* ! COMPARISON OF
RESINS FOR FABRICATING PROVISIONAL FIXED
RESTORATIONS )NT * 0ROSTHODONT  
n
 'OUGH - ! REVIEW OF TEMPORARY
CROWNS AND BRIDGES $ENT 5PDATE 
 n
 #RISPIN "* #APUTO !! #OLOR STABILITY OF
TEMPORARY RESTORATIVE MATERIALS
* 0ROSTHET $ENT   n
 +RUG 23 4EMPORARY RESIN CROWNS AND
BRIDGES $ENT #LIN . !M   n

 *OHNSON ' "RANNSTROM - $EHYDRATION
OF DENTINE BY SOME RESTORATIVE
MATERIALS * 0ROSTHET $ENT  
n
 &LEISCH , #LEATON *ONES 0 &ORBES -
6AN 7YK &AT # 0ULPAL RESPONSE TO A
BIS ACRYL PLASTIC 0ROTEMP TEMPORARY
CROWN AND BRIDGE MATERIALS * /RAL
0ATHOL   n
 4JAN !( #ASTELNUOVO * 3HIOTSU '
-ARGINAL FIDELITY OF CROWNS FABRICATED
FROM SIX PROPRIETARY PROVISIONAL
MATERIALS * 0ROSTHET $ENT  
n
 $IAZ !RNOLD !- $UNNE *4 *ONES !(
-ICROHARDNESS OF PROVISIONAL FIXED
PROSTHODONTIC MATERIALS * 0ROSTHET
$ENT   n
 %30% 0ROTEMP 'ARANT  4ECHNICAL
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PRODUCT PROFILE - %30% 3T0AUL -.
53! 
 -AGNE 0 )MMEDIATE DENTIN SEALING !
FUNDAMENTAL PROCEDURE FOR INDIRECT
BONDED RESTORATIONS * %STHET 2EST $ENT
  n
 0AUL 3* 3CHERRER 0 4HE DUAL BONDING
TECHNIQUE A MODIFIED METHOD TO
IMPROVE ADHESIVE LUTING PROCEDURES
)NT * 0ERIODONT 2EST $ENT  n

 &EHLING !7 .EITZKE # ! DIRECT
PROVISIONAL RESTORATION FOR DECREASED
OCCLUSAL WEAR AND IMPROVED MARGINAL
INTEGRITY A HYBRID TECHNIQUE
* 0ROSTHODONT   n
 .EMKOVSKY #% 4RANSFERRING THE
OCCLUSAL AND ESTHETIC ANATOMY OF THE
PROVISIONAL TO THE FINAL RESTORATION IN
FULL ARCH ORAL REHABILITATION #OMPEND
#ONTIN $ENT %DUC   n
 .EMKOVSKY #% 'ROSS -$ 4RANSFERRING
PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS TO FINAL
MASTER CASTS * /RAL 2EHABIL  
n
 -URRAY -# 3MITH 07 7ATTS $ 7ILSON
.(& /CCLUSAL REGISTRATION SCIENCE OR
ART )NT $ENT *   n
 $ILTS 7% -ILLER 2# -IRANDA &*
$UNCANSON -'* %FFECT OF ZINC OXIDE
EUGENOL ON SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF
SELECTED CORECEMENT COMBINATIONS
* 0ROSTHET $ENT   n
 /VIJAN 3 (UGET %& $E 3IMON ,"
#OMPATIBILITY OF RESIN COMPOSITES
WITH VARNISHES LINERS AND BASES * $ENT
2ES 3PEC )SS    !BSTRACT
.O 
 3CHWARTZ 23 $AVIS 2$ -AYHEW 27
4HE EFFECT OF A :/% TEMPORARY CEMENT
ON THE BOND STRENGTH OF A RESIN LUTING
AGENT !M * $ENT   n
 3CHWARTZ 23 $AVIS 2$ (ILTON 4* %FFECT
OF TEMPORARY CEMENTS ON THE BOND
STRENGTH OF A RESIN CEMENT !M * $ENT
  n
/CTOBER