PRONOUN FORM, AGREEMENT

AND REFERENCES
Grammatical Area 5

Bhaswara Rahmadani (23)

Sabrina (28)
Pronoun and Antecedent
Pronouns are words that are used to replace nouns, noun
phrases, noun clauses, other pronouns, or other constructions
that act as nouns.

Antecedent is a word, phrase, or clause that is referred to or replaced

by a pronoun. Usually the antecedent position is before the pronoun.

▪︎ You should submit the report to your teacher immediately

▪︎ All staff are busy to help their partner
▪︎ Cindy took her phone on the table
Pronoun Chart
Pronoun Form
Those are several rules for Pronoun Form

1 Subject Form 2 Object Form

Used for pronouns that follow the verb Used for a pronoun that function as the
to be object of preposition
- It was he at the door. - Bill won't go to the party without her
- It must have been they who left the message. - Everyone except her took the test

Used when subject of two clauses are Used when the object of two clauses are
being compared being compared
- Zoe is taller than she - The teacher likes you better than me
- They have money than we - The child responds to her more readily than him
Pronoun Form
Those are several rules for Pronoun Form
3 Possesif Adjective Form
Used when a pronoun modifies a gerund
- The audience really likes his singing
- I appreciate your helping me
4 Possesive Pronoun Form
Used after preposition 'of' meaning 'posession'
- Some friends of hers are visiting Jane this week.
- Anne is a good friend of mine.
5 Possesive Pronoun Form
Used to emphasize the noun or pronoun
it refers to
- The president himself wrote me the letter.
- I always do dishes myself.
Used as the object of preposition by to
mean that a person does something
alone without help
- Hans cant do homework by himself
- Young children cant dressed by themselves
 Quiz
1 ..... lives in Jakarta
A. He C. They
B. I D. It

2 I saw ... walking on the park yesterday

A. He C. Me
B. You D. She
 Pronoun Agreement
▪︎ Number [singular, plural]
▪︎ Person [1st person, 2nd person, 3rd person]
▪︎ Gender [female, male, neutral]
▪︎ Case [subjective, objective, possessive pronoun]
Number
- singular: The boy is playing with his kitten
- plural : The boys are playing with their kitten
Person
- 1st person : I should took off my shoes there
- 2nd person: You should took off your shoes there
- 3rd person: They should took off their shoes there
 Pronoun Agreement
Gender
Gender element is only used for the 3rd person, 1st and 2nd do not have a gender element

- male : Mark has a brother. He 12 years old

- female : Sasha has a sister. She 12 years old
- neutral : We have a table. It has a broken leg

Case
- subjective: He is friendly person
- objective : My mom likes him
- possessive: It's my dream, not hers
 Pronoun Agreement
There are some problem in pronoun-antecedent-agreement

Two or more antecedents connected by the coordinating conjunction "and" always

1 use a plural pronoun. If with or/nor, the pronoun adjusts to the nearest antecedent.

- Jess and Grace have decided to do over their task.

- Jess or her friends often turn on their radio.
The antecedent is a collective noun followed by a singular/plural pronoun depending
2 on the meaning. If group members do the same thing simultaneously, then use a
singular pronoun. If members of a group act individually, a plural pronoun is needed.

- singular: The team is planning its strategies for the next match.
- plural : The team are planning their strategies for the next match.

3 The antecedent is a plural form noun with a singular meaning such as: news, dollars,
mathematics using a singular pronoun.
- Mathematics would be easy if you knew how to face its difficulties.
 Pronoun Agreement
There are some problem in pronoun-antecedent-agreement
Antecedents in the form of indefinite pronouns (pronouns for objects, people or
4 things in general

• Singular pronoun
Anything, everything, anybody, anyone, everybody, everyone, each, nobody, somebody,
someone, something, nothing, either, neither, much, another, enough, little, less, dan one
- Each of the girls took her photos
- Either you or she should have brought your watch

• Plural pronoun
All, both, several, many, few, fewer, dan ones
- Both are sleeping in their house

• Singular or plural pronoun depends on the meaning

None, some, any, more, dan most
 Pronoun Agreement
There are some problem in pronoun-antecedent-agreement

none is going to be singular when it means 'no one'

some, any, more, most is going to be singular when refer to uncountable noun
some, any, more, most is going to be plural when refer to countable noun

- None of the women has her purse

- I bought some sugar and left it for you (following by uncountable noun)
- Some kids prefer to learn on their own for exam (following by countable noun)

‘Every’ and ‘many a’ which are followed by a noun or a number of nouns are singular
5 antecedents so they require a singular pronoun.

- Every girl hopes that she will find her soulmate

- Many a girl hopes that she will find her soulmate
Quiz
1 Neither the twins nor Bess had their book today

2 The staff is too busy to help their partner

The professor showed us some research he had

3
done that had doubts in him
Pronoun Reference
The pronouns which introduce adjective clause, who, which, that,
etc. refer to the nouns that come before them.
Different pronoun are used to refer to different types of nouns.

Who, whom : refer to people and household animals

Which : refers to things, collective nouns, animal
That, whose : refer to all types of nouns

- Josh is my good friend who helped to repair my motorcycle

- The cat who live in my house is Bobo
- The man whom the police arrested was a police officer

notes: Whom is used for statements related to "people". But whom is

used instead of who when it is the object of a verb, or appears as the
object of a preposition
Pronoun Reference
Which
- That was the camera, which John got as a birthday present.
- A herd of cows was eating the grass which growing near the fence
- I know the the lion which bit a cat

That,
Untukwhose
mengungkap
fakta
- She yang
boughtbelum
pair of shoes that could use for jogging
diketahui oleh manusia
- That is an empty house whose owner is in prison

notes: whose can be used for people or objects

Quiz
They saw Sam and I at the movies last night
1
A B C D

The worst problem with it is that He cannot afford them

2 A B C D
THANKS
Quiz
1 It must be her at the stage

2 Between you and I, I didn't like coffee

3 Everyone going to take photoshoot today,

except ... who stay in the bed after take a bath

a. they c. their
b. them d. themselves