Lesson 3.

2a PRONOUNS

Personal Pronouns
Learning Use pronouns
Competency 1 effectively
(EN10G-IIIa-31).
 Objectives

● identify personal pronouns in sentences; and

● classify personal pronouns as nominative,
objective, or possessive.
Objectives

What are PRONOUNS?

 Objectives

A pronoun is a word that is used

instead of a noun or noun phrase.
Pronouns refer to either a noun that
has already been mentioned or to a
noun that does not need to be named
specifically.
 Objectives

Types of Pronouns
1. Possessive pronouns
2. Personal pronouns
3. Relative pronouns
 4. Reflexive pronouns
5. Indefinite pronouns
6. Demonstrative pronouns
7. Interrogative pronouns
 8. Intensive pronouns
Essential Question

How does the use of personal pronouns

help improve sentences?
 Warm Up!

Examine the sentences and discuss with a partner what is wrong

with each underlined word.

● Put the ingredients in the pan and mix it together.

● My stuffed toys were donated to the children from the
orphanage. Them were very happy upon receiving them.
● My mother baked five cupcakes. We taste delicious.
 Warm Up!

My mother baked five cupcakes. We taste delicious.

IT and THEY are both personal pronouns.

It – singular pronoun
They – is plural
- people (non-human but living things like animals, plants,
reefs etc) and non-living things loke books, chairs, etc)
 Review

● What are personal pronouns?

● How do personal pronouns function?
 Learn about It!

Personal pronouns are used to refer to persons, things,

animals, and ideas.

Examples:
You need to be at the train station by 9:00 a.m. tomorrow.
They live in the house across ours.
Marie left it on top of the dining table.
 Learn about It!

Cases of Personal Pronouns

● Nominative/Subjective Case - Personal pronouns that are

in the nominative case can function as a subject, predicate
nominative, direct address, and appositive.
Nominative/Subjective Case

Singular Plural
First Person I we
Second Person you you
Third Person he, she, it they
 Learn about It!

● Nominative/Subjective Case

Examples:
I need to visit my parents next week.
The doorman is he.
You, Jerry, should take this medicine every morning.
The director of the play, you, did a great job.
 Learn about It!
A pronoun in the nominative case is also called a subjective pronoun. It has different
functions in sentences. Look at the examples below:

She made sure that I took my medicine

at the right time.

The word she is the main subject, while I is the subject of a clause.
 Learn about It!
A pronoun in the nominative case is also called a subjective pronoun. It has different
functions in sentences. Look at the examples below:

I am she.
The pronoun she is used as the predicate nominative; it comes after a
linking verb and renames the subject.
 Learn about It!
A pronoun in the nominative case is also called a subjective pronoun. It has different
functions in sentences. Look at the examples below:

You, Cindy, can give a demonstration.

The pronoun you is used as direct address; it is used to address the person spoken to directly.
 Learn about It!
A pronoun in the nominative case is also called a subjective pronoun. It has different
functions in sentences. Look at the examples below:

We, Mary and I, played basketball.

The pronoun I is used as an appositive since it renames and identifies the subject we.
 Learn about It!

● Objective Case - A personal pronoun in its objective case

can act as a direct object, indirect object, object of the
preposition, and appositive.

Objective Case
Singular Plural

First Person me us
Second Person you you
Third Person him, her, it them
 Learn about It!

● Objective Case

Examples:
Ms. Reyes told me to study more so that I would get better grades.
The shopkeeper gave him a piercing gaze as he approached the
store.
You need to apologize to her for the wrong things you have done.
The only ones who weren’t allowed to go to the party were the kids
sick with fever, Vanessa and me.
 Learn about It!
A pronoun in the OBJECTIVE CASE has different functions.

Joseph told me that Mr. Cruz will give a test

today.

The pronoun me is the DIRECT OBJECT or the

receiver of the action.
 Learn about It!
A pronoun in the OBJECTIVE CASE has different functions.

I wanted to speak with him, but he was

not available.

Him is the object of the preposition.

 Learn about It!
A pronoun in the OBJECTIVE CASE has different functions.

Sheena made her a friendship bracelet.

Her is the INDIRECT OBJECT which comes

after the DIRECT OBJECT.
 Learn about It!
A pronoun in the OBJECTIVE CASE has different functions.

She gave invitations only to her closest

friends, Melody and me.

Me is used as one of the APPOSITIVES for

the noun friends.
 Learn about It!

objective pronouns can be

object of a verbal
 Learn about It!

VERBALS

PARTICIPLE

A participle is a verb that ends in -ing (present participle) or -ed, -d,

-t, -en, -n (past participle). Participles may function as adjectives,
describing or modifying nouns. The dancing parrots entertained
the crowd. The wrecked sailboat washed up on shore.
 Learn about It!

VERBALS

GERUND

A gerund is a form of a verb that ends in -ing that is used as a

noun. As you may know, a verb is a word that refers to actions or
states of being, and a noun is a word that we use to refer to
people, places, things, and ideas. A gerund is like a blend of verbs
and nouns. It looks like a verb, but it acts like a noun. For example,
the word swimming is an example of a gerund.
 Learn about It!

VERBALS

INFINITIVES

Infinitives are a form of verbs that are formed by adding the word
‘to’ in front of the verb. They can work as nouns, adverbs, or
adjectives in a sentence
 Learn about It!
objective pronouns can be object of a verbal

Studying it, the boy sat in silent concentration.

The pronoun it is used as the object of

studying, a participle, which functions as an
adjective.
 Learn about It!
objective pronouns can be object of a verbal

The teacher wanted to see him.

Him is used as the object of to see, an

infinitive, which functions as a noun.
 Learn about It!
objective pronouns can be object of a verbal

Playing it is something she does not want to

give up.
It is used as the object of the
playing, a gerund, which functions as a noun.
 Learn about It!

● Possessive Case - A personal pronoun in its possessive case

is used to show possession or ownership. We can use a
possessive pronoun either as an absolute possessive
pronoun or as a possessive adjective.
Possessive Case
Singular Plural
First Person my, mine our, ours
Second Person your, yours your, yours
Third Person his, hers, its theirs
 Learn about It!

● Possessive Case - A personal pronoun in its possessive case

is used to show possession or ownership. We can use a
possessive pronoun either as an absolute possessive
pronoun or as a possessive adjective.

Absolute
Hers HIS
Mine Theirs
Yours
Ours
 Learn about It!
● Possessive Case - A personal pronoun in its possessive case
is used to show possession or ownership. We can use a
possessive pronoun either as an absolute possessive
pronoun or as a possessive adjective.

Possessive adjective occur before a noun or an adjective before

a noun
Their
Your
Her
My
Our
 Learn about It!

● Possessive Case

Examples:
The child walking down the street is theirs.
The child walking down the street is their child.
 Learn about It!
Some Guidelines Regarding the Use of Personal Pronouns
● When a personal pronoun is joined with a noun by a
conjunction, the case of the pronoun depends on its
position in the sentence.

Examples:
Incorrect: Mary and me will go to the market to buy vegetables and fish.
Correct: Mary and I will go to the market to buy vegetables and fish.

Incorrect: The package was for Victor and I.

Correct: The package was for Victor and me.
 Learn about It!
Some Guidelines Regarding the Use of Personal Pronouns
● When a personal pronoun is joined with a noun by a conjunction, the case of the
pronoun depends on its position in the sentence.

Meredith and I will study together for our physics test.

He gave cookies to Sam and me.

In the first sentence, the pronoun I is part of the subject; so I is in the nominative case.
In the second sentence, the pronoun me with the noun Sam is the object of the preposition to; so me is in
the objective case.
 Learn about It!

● Sentences containing comparisons usually leave out some

words, making it tricky to decide which case of personal
pronoun to use. Complete the comparisons in your head
to figure out the right pronoun for the sentence.

Examples:
Our car is larger than them.
Our car is larger than their car.
Our car is larger than theirs.
 Learn about It!

● Sentences containing comparisons usually leave out some words, making it tricky to
decide which case of personal pronoun to use. Complete the comparisons in your head
to figure out the right pronoun for the sentence.

I’m a lot taller than him.

The word than functions as a preposition; thus, the

objective pronoun him is used. This usage is common but
is deemed incorrect in formal settings.
 Learn about It!

● Sentences containing comparisons usually leave out some words, making it tricky to
decide which case of personal pronoun to use. Complete the comparisons in your head
to figure out the right pronoun for the sentence.

I’m a lot taller than he is.

I’m a lot taller than he.

The nominative pronoun he is used in the other two sentences,

which are somewhat formal. The word than that precedes the
pronoun functions as a conjunction.
 Learn about It!

● Personal pronouns functioning as the predicate

nominative rename the subject in a sentence. They
often follow be verbs.

Examples:
Incorrect: It was her who cut the folders.
Correct: It was she who cut the folders.
 Learn about It!
● Personal pronouns functioning as the predicate nominative rename the subject in a sentence. They often
follow be verbs.

● The winner in the spelling bee was me.

● The winner in the spelling bee was I.

Although the first sentence is the one that is commonly used, it is incorrect. Since the pronoun
comes after the verb was, the pronoun used should be a nominative pronoun.
 Learn about It!
● Personal pronouns functioning as the predicate nominative rename
the subject in a sentence. They often follow be verbs.

The winner in the spelling bee was me.

The winner in the spelling bee was I.

Although the first sentence is the one that is commonly used, it

is incorrect. Since the pronoun comes after the verb was, the
pronoun used should be a nominative pronoun.
 Drills

Underline the personal pronoun(s) in each sentence.

1. They donated their old clothes to the orphanage nearby.

2. The boys couldn’t hold back their glee when their father
presented them with a puppy.
3. Have you seen her new haircut?
4. The house right next to the vacant lot at the end of this street
is ours.
5. Felicity asked him to help her with the project.
 Drills

Identify the case of each underlined pronoun. Write N for

nominative, O for objective, and P for possessive.

1. The principal asked the misbehaving students, Dana and him,

to go home.
2. Without it, the task would have been difficult to complete.
3. It was safely stored in the drawer.
4. They didn’t need to borrow our tools because they had their
own.
5. Olivia gave me a gift on my birthday, and I thanked her.
 Drills

Underline the appropriate pronoun in each sentence.

1. Our team leader put the blame on (they, them, theirs).

2. Alfred asked (their, it, them) if they have assignments.
3. Jessica forgot to bring (his, its, her) red pen.
4. It was (him, he, her) who stole a loaf of bread from the bakery.
5. Jonas offered (him, I, my) a new pair of shoes for his birthday.
6. The class president and (me, their, I) are requested to join the
seminar.
 Drills

7. (She, Her, Hers) delivered the five boxes of donuts yesterday.

8. (You, It, She), Crawford, should deliver the welcome speech
tomorrow.
9. The judge read the sentence to the two convicts, Garen and
(them, her, his).
10. The large house in front of the mall is (them, theirs, they).
 Values Integration

How can our knowledge of the different cases of

personal pronouns help us convey our thoughts more
clearly?
 Synthesis

1. The class will be divided into four groups, and each group
will accomplish the following tasks.
a. Take turns making a statement about someone in the
group while using a personal pronoun instead of
his/her name.
Examples:
I sit beside her.
He lent me his pen yesterday.
 Synthesis

b. The personal pronoun cases to be used should be in this order:

nominative, objective, and possessive. This means that if the
previous speaker used the nominative case, the next person
should use the objective case.
c. After each sentence, other members have to guess who the
speaker is talking about.
d. If a pronoun is used incorrectly, correct the speaker’s error
after the guessing is done.
e. Write all the sentences on a cartolina and present them in
front of the class.
 Synthesis

After the activity, answer the following questions:

a. What made the activity challenging?

b. Were you able to spot errors in your group mates’
sentences?
c. Was it difficult to use personal pronouns properly in
speaking? Why or why not?
d. What should one remember when using the cases of
personal pronouns in speaking?
 Activity 4
What do you think will happen to you and to your
classmates 10 years from now? Write a class prophesy in 15
to 30 sentences. Use at least 5 pronouns in the nominative
case, 5 pronouns in the objective case, and 5 pronouns in
the possessive case in your sentences. Underline the
nominative pronouns, encircle all objective pronouns, and
draw a box around all possessive pronouns.

Include borders and take note of margins.

Be creative.