October 2 , Gandhi Jayanthi Celebrated as INTERNATIONAL

NON VIOLENCE DAY all Over the World.

First human to win hearts of people of most countries. His statues were present
in more than 70 Nations.

World Countries more than 100 nations released postage stamps depicting
Gandhi’s image , a great respect not provided to any other leaders earth has
made.`

During Gandhi’s Centenary birth anniversary celebration on 1969 , more than

40 countries released postage stamp on same day.

His Words on Swaraj or Independence:

God has given me the urge for freedom and therefore I deem
myself to be a free man.
This presentation is an effort to spread his message through his life

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S.NO Content Description S.NO Content Description

A Cover page C-16 Call Back of Civil Disobedience

B Contents Page C-17 Means (Causes) all important and not End ( Effects)
C Gandhi -My Life is My Message C-18 Salt Tax & Dandi March
C-1 Childhood C-19 Village Life for Poorna Swaray
C-2 Non Violence from Home to Outside C-20 Conference in England
C-3 Law studies at England C-21 Harijan Against Untouchability
C-4 New Barrister at South Africa C-22 All Men are brothers
C-5 Physical Disciplines C-23 World War II
C-6 Black Act in South Africa C-24 Quit India Movement
C-7 Socail Living in South Africa C-25 Hindu Muslim Communal Riots
C-8 Letter to Tolstoy C-26 Preaching Life Giving Education
C-9 SatyaGraha in South Africa C-27 Service to Needy & Ignored
C-10 True Satyagrahi – Be the Change C-28 India & His Dream
C-11 Hero in India C-29 Indian Independence & Pakistan partition
C-12 Initial Reforms in India C-30 Gandhiji for Ultimate Peace.
C-13 Jallian walabagh Tragedy & Start of Civil D Progressing Humanity
Disobedience
C-14 Birth of Khadi E True Friend to ALL
C-15 Swadeshi F Honor to Gandhi

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 Gandhi’s father was a politician.
He was Prime Minister of
Porbandar, a small princely state in
Western India

Putlibai was second wife of

karamchand and was highly
religious , strictly following
devotional , religious laws , fasting
etc as portrayed in Hinduism.

Year His Life Gandhi read the life story of Shravan

Born at porbandar, Kathiwad , Gujarat to Karamchand ( kaba) and Putlibai Gandhi. devoting all his ife for the service of father &
1869,
He has two brothers. mother. He aspired to be like sharavan.
oct 2
1876 Attended primary school in Rajkot. He did not involve in sports but walked long He once watched the drama of
distance to his school from home. Harichandra , and he wept deeply
He did not read any other books other than academics during this period and loved
on seeing the sacrifice & self
to reach home early and serve his Father.
He had a strong feeling of respect to his teachers that he never suffering voluntarily accepted by the
thought of troubling them and completed his Home works King to safeguard Truth & Dharma.
sincerely. Whenever he got chance he never missed
to watch the drama. He has watched it it
1876 Betrothed to Kasturba, daughter of Gokuldas Makanji , a Merchant. more than 10 times.

1881 Entered High school at Rajkot.

Once in exam his teacher himself allowed / motivated him to copy , In younger days he was inspired
which he never expected from teacher. Still he maintained same that Shravan and Harichandra are
respect to teacher. Doing his duty to fullest was his only concern. worth roles to be followed in life.
He never learnt the art of copying through out his life.
He had a bad handwriting and which he worried only in later days. He later insisted
youngsters , children to develop GOOD handwriting and it is very essential part of
education.

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Honest and Loving Husband
In the later part of his life in South Africa , once he brought a rule that every member of the colony resident shall clean the common toilet.
When he imposed it on Kasturba , she denied first. This angered Gandhiji and asked her to obey forcibly or leave the home. Kasturba being a
brave women ashamed his manliness for sending a dependant Wife out of Home .Then Gandhiji did work of Toilet cleaning of the part of his
wife also , after which Kasturba as a dutiful wife voluntarily agreed for the work.
In the process of making her obey him , he developed Ahimsa intrinsically and learnt sacrifice , self suffering ,
leadership etc. One must be ready to give up his own life for the sake of value one leads , then only one could
preach to others. You cannot make others follow by Power for long time. It is temporary. Voluntary involvement of
others ( ie through Ahimsa) is the real success of Leadership.

Year His Life

1883 At the age of 13 , he got married to kasturba. He wanted Kasturba as ideal wife and imposed many rules on her.
Kasturba , a free girl did not obeyed him in earlier days , which angered Gandhi. Gandhi feared to go out in dark , while
he observed Kasturba to be fearless, he felt shame to tell to her at that time.

4
 During his high school days , he won scholarship for his discipine & performance. He was one among
very few from rajkot , who were entitled for the scholarship. He had good relation ship with teachers
due to his respect to elders. His brothers struggled a lot to gather money and send to England for his
study of Law. Earlier Gandhi rented a larger house , tried to imitate British living style, joined music
class and After thinking about the struggle of his brothers , shifted to a very small
room and gave up music class. He also wear simple clothes and simple diet and
save nearly half of money than before during his stay in England

Year His Life

As a teenager he was attracted by his brothers
1885 Father died at the age of 13 by severe disease. There was much great love friend telling that Taking non vegetarian diet will
between him & father that once he wrote a letter to his father disclosing that he build muscles and strength.
has theft , done smoking and taken Non vegetarian diet once. As the friend is athletic and physically more
He saw tears from his fathers eyes while reading letter , after which he took vow
strong than him , he fall in his arguments and
not to be untruthful to parents.
tried eating meat once. He tried theft and also
1887 Passed Matriculation exam at Ahmadabad and entered Samaldas college, smoking as a youngster.
Bhavnagar, kathiawad
First of four sons born. In total he had four sons. Later through his own experience and reading a
1888 book in England while studying law , he
1891 His fathers friend insisted Putlibai to make Gandhi a lawyer and go to England as realized vegetarian diet as healthy for
he has many friends in England.
human and later Formed a Vegetarian
Gandhi Sailed from Bombay to England for law study. Promised his mother
Diet Society in England & South
that he will not touch MEAT , ALCHOHOL and WOMEN under any
condition, after which her mother allowed him to travel. Africa.
The regional head of the village any how informed that he should not go to He also found FASTING as best remedy for
England as it is against the restrictions meant in religious dharma. most diseases and best purification process by
his voluntary experiments while staying in
His mother & brothers supported hims , that he moved to England to study law. London.
18912 Summer. Returned to India after being called to bar. Began practice of law
in Bombay and Rajkot.

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 Dropped from train Members of Natal Congress Members of Ambulance Corps , Boer war
Year His Life
1893 Sailed to South Africa to become barrister for an Indian Firm. Found himself subjected to all kinds of discrimination . No
first class compartments were reserved for colour people irrespective of being a barrister. He was thrown out of train in spite
he had a first class ticket. In towns , village residents coloured people were not allowed to move in platforms.
1894 Prepared to return to India after completing law case, but was persuaded by Indian colony to remain in SA and do public work and earn
a living as a lawyer. Drafted first petition sent by the Indians to a South African legislature. 1894 May Organised Natal Indian
Congress to safeguard the rights of Indian Migrants
1896 Returned back to India for six months to bring back Wife & Children. In 1896 Dec Sailed back for South Africa with family. Was mobbed
when he disembarked at Durban for Europeans thought he wrote ill about Europeans in South Africa when he was in India.

1899 Organised Indian Ambulance Corps for British in Boer War helping England. The service earned respect and popularity
for Gandhi among English people. If we want to enjoy the rights of English government then we must help the
government. This was the policy behind the support to England
1901 - 1901 Embarked with family for India, promising to return to South Africa if Indian community there needed his services again.
1902 1901 – 1902 Travelled extensively in India, attended Indian National Congress meeting in Calcutta, and opened law office in Bombay.
1902 Returned to South Africa after urgent request from Indian community.

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 He lived as a normal house holder life. Gandhi’s mother is religious which made Gandhi also to
be religious. Gandhi read Bhagavad-Gita and many other information’s of various sources and
religions.

He took the vow of continence , obstinacy from sex on1906 and obeyed his
vow till death. Kasturaba also agreed with him and both lead a pious and
friendly life with out any discrimination of sex as portrayed in Hindu Dharma.

He fasted often to control his palate. He was a pure vegetarian through out his life and
abstained from salt , milk (considering milk belongs to only its offspring and so milk as violence
diet ) , spices temporarily to gain control over his palate. Weekly once he followed SILENCE or
abstaining from speech He regularly meditated closing his eyes every day early morning.
Indulgence in any form weakens physical body, mental ability and disturbs one from his true
purpose of life. External control through contraception to be replaced by voluntary mind control
or surrendering through understanding the healthy living granted by brahmacharya.

As he grew older and his experience in social , economic & political field increased he got fully
convinced t that no worker who has not overcome lust ( through all five senses & mind) can
hope to render any genuine service to any great cause for himself or others.

His Words in Sarvodaya:

The root meaning of Brahmacahrya may be given thus: that conduct which puts one in Touch with GOD . The
conduct consists in the fullest control over all the senses. This is the true and relevant meaning of the word.
Popularly it has come to mean mere physical control over the organ of generation. This narrow meaning has debased
Brahmacharya and made its practice all but Impossible. Control over the organ of generation is impossible without proper control over all the
senses. They are all interdependent.Mere physical control even if it can be attained for some time is of little or no use , without dislike developed n
Mind.
Year His Life
1903- 1903 Summer. Opened law office in Johannesburg. 1904
Established the weekly journal, Indian Opinion.
1906 1906 March Organised Indian Ambulance Corps for Zulu "Rebellion".
1906 In 1906 at the age of 36 Took vow of continence for life with the agreement of Kasturba.

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 Black Act-
No right to
Vote

Burning
Government
issued identity
card
Recuperating from attack by other Indians for agreement with Smut. Members of Non violent resistance in SA
Later understood the righteousness in hims and apologized him

Year His Life

1906 1906 Sept. First satyagraha campaign began with meeting in Johannesburg in protest against proposed Asiatic ordinance
directed against Indian immigrants in Transvaal. 1906 Oct. Sailed for England to present Indians’ case to Colonial Secretary and started
back to South Africa in December.

1907 1907 June Organised satyagraha against compulsory registration of Asians ("The Black Act") , for a separate law
for Asians. Asians were denied the Right To Vote

1908 - 1908 Jan. Stood trial for instigating satyagraha and was sentenced to two months' imprisonment in
1909 Johannesburg jail (his first imprisonment).
1908 Jan. Was summoned to consult General Smuts at Pretoria; compromise reached; was released from jail.
1908 Feb. Attacked and wounded by Indian extremist, Mir Alam, for reaching settlement with Smuts.
1908 Aug. After Smuts broke agreement, Second Satyagraha campaign began with bonfire of registration
certificates.
1908 Oct. Arrested for not having identity certificate ( burnt in fire) , and sentenced to two months'
imprisonment in Volksrust jail. 1909 Feb. Sentenced to three months’ imprisonment in Volksrust and Pretoria jails.

8
 Year His Life
Tolstoy farm-21 miles
from Johannesburg. 1909 1909 June Sailed for England again to
Gandhi’s venture into present Indians' case. 1909 Nov.
communal living Returned to SA, writing Hind Swaraj
The first had been In May Established Tolstoy Farm near
Phoenix Farm near
1910
Johannesburg.
Durban
Later Gandhi founded 1913 Began penitential fast (one meal a day
ashrams in India. f4 months) because of moral lapse of
two members of Phoenix Settlement.

1914 In Jan. Underwent fourteen days' fast

for moral lapse of members of Phoenix
Settlement
His Words in Sarvodaya:

The one book which brought instantaneous and practical transformation in my life was Unto This Last. I translated it later in
to Gujarati , entitling it Sarvodaya ( Welfare of all ) .The teachings of Unto This Last I understood to be

1)Good of the individual lies in the good of all and not Most. Idea of majority acceptation or winning to be replaced by
acceptance by ALL and respect the feelings of minority also.

2) That a lawyer’s work has the same value as barber’s inasmuch as all have the same RIGHT of earning their
livelihood from their work and live life to their fullest.

3) That a life of labor, ie life of the tiller of the soil and handicraftsman is the life worth living.

First of these I knew . The second I had dimly realized. Third had never occurred to me. Unto This Last made it as clear as
daylight for me that the second and third were contained in the first. I arose with the dawn, ready to reduce these
principles to Practice.

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Tolstoy:
“I want to tell
others what I feel
particularly clearly
and what to my
mind is of great
importance –
namely that which
is called nonviolent
resistance – but
which
is really nothing
else but the
teaching of love”

10
 Gandhi ceased to wear
European clothes. He believed
that simple dress was
appropriate for defending the
rights of ordinary Indians .

He believed to help poor , it is

needed to live poor vountarily to
understand the real state of
them.

This is a meditation ( merging

with the object ) in social action
Great march of 2000 Indians in transvaal border.

Year His Life

1913 1913 Sept. Helped campaign against nullification of marriages not celebrated according to Christian rites, with
Kasturba and other women being sentenced for crossing the Transvaal border without permits.

1913 Nov. Third satyagraha campaign begun by leading "great march" of 2,000 Indian miners from
Newcastle across Transvaal border in Natal. A protest against the ban on Indian immigration, and the
ruling that only Christian marriages were legal.

1913 Nov. Arrested three times in four days (at Palmford, Standerton, and Teakworth) and sentenced at Dundee to nine months'
imprisonment; tried at Volksrust in second trial and sentenced to three months' imprisonment with his European co-workers, Polak and
Kallenbach. Imprisoned in Volksrust jail for a few days and then taken to Bloemfontein in Orange Free State.
1913 Dec. Released unconditionally in expectation of a compromise settlement, C.F. Andrews and W.W. Pearson having been sent by
Indians in India to negotiate. Eventually there was a compromise with the government of General Smuts

1914 1914 Jan. Satyagraha campaign suspended, with pending agreement between Smuts, C.F. Andrews, and Gandhi, and with ultimate
passage of Indian Relief Act.

11

Gandhi in satyagraha struggle at South Africa,
His Words in Sarvodaya:
In every great cause it is not the numbers of
fighters that counts but it is the quality of which they
are made that becomes the deciding factor. The
greatest men of the world have always stood alone.
Being the change is the true essence of Sataygrahi. He is
ready to sacrifice his life to bring the change but do not accept
the evil to safeguard his life.
A satyagrahi must carry out what ever is laid out for bringing
change with cool determination giving way neither to
excitement nor depression . He is his own leader with total
faith and vision and complete zeal and enthusiasm through out
his struggle and after.
Changing others may not be in our hand , but non cooperating for the evil
things is in individuals control and through this change could be
brought. No human is so bad as to be beyond
redemption. No human being so perfect to warrant
destruction of whom he considers to be wholly evil.
Non Cooperation & Civil disobedience movements brought change in
government policies and rule itself. How change could be
brought ? Consider capital labour Unjust activities or
inequality in agriculture.
The moment cultivators of the soil realize their power , the zamndari will
be sterilized. What can the poor Land owner do when the labor
simply deny to work for the land , unless they are paid enough to
feed ,cloth and educate themselves and their children in decent
manner.
The whole reason why the labour fails is instead of
sterilizing capital, labour wants to seize that
capital and become capitalist itself. Consistency
in principle is required for winning a change. So
internal change of the individual brings change in
the world also.
Capitalism is in the blood of most poorest person and
not only in rich. So mere money & wealth donations
wont help improvement. Taste to work to be
cultivated to bring any change.
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 Year His Life

1914 1914 July Left South Africa forever, sailing

from Cape town for London with Kasturba and
Kallenbach, arriving just at beginning of
World War I.
1914 Organised Indian Ambulance Corps in
England, but was obliged to sail for
India because of pleurisy

Great Welcome in India at Karachi. Gokhale, His

Non Violence Principle in SA spread Political
whole of India Guru

His words on Violence : ‘An for an makes the whole world blind.’

Gandhi called his method ‘Satyagraha’, meaning ‘struggle for truth’. He was prepared to sacrifice his own well-being
in order to change the hearts of his opponents

HIS WORDS:
Truth unifies all humankind and always wins, Love, not violence, is the proper relation among people
Satyagraha is strength “soul-force” and not weakness. The life of a Satyagrahi could be described as
-- living simply, in accordance with needs, in tranquility
-- does not fear death, is always willing to sacrifice for justice
-- disobeys and accepts the punishment that goes with It
Non Cooperation: Non co operation will open the eyes to the wrong he may be doing. One has to strive for
conversion and not for destruction as a whole.

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 He returned to India in 1915. World war I began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11
November 1918. INC leaders accepted the request from British to support them in
war. In the mean time He was preparing for a National Unity that he identified
himself as a poor .

At this time Indian villagers were poorly paid, and many were dying of famine.
In 1915, back in India, Gandhi set up an ‘ashram’ - a self-sufficient
community, where he ate a simple diet, and lived like the poorest
villagers.

Vinoba Bhave was one of his best Associate in the Sabarmathi Ashram

In 1918 Gandhi began a series of campaign and constructive programs to get them
to stand up for themselves against the British who were ruling India.

Year His Life

1915 1915 Secured removal of customs harassment of passengers at Viramgam; first incipient Satyagraha campaign in India.

1915 1915 May Established Satyagraha Ashram at Kochrab, near Ahmedabad, and soon admitted an untouchable family; in 1917 moved
ashram to new site, Sabarmati River.

1916 1916 Feb. Gave speech at opening of Hindu University at Benares.

1917 1917 Helped secure removal of recruiting of South African indenture workers in India. .
1917 Led successful satyagraha campaign for rights of peasants on indigo plantations in Champaran. Defied
an order to leave area in April, was arrest at Motihari and tried, but case was withdrawn. Mahadev Desai
joined him at Champaran.
1918 1918 Feb. Led strike of mill workers at Ahmedabad. Mill owner agreed to arbitration after his three-day fast
(his first fast in India). 1918 March Led satyagraha campaign for peasants in Kheda.
1918 Attended Viceroy's War Conference at Delhi and agreed that Indians should be recruited for World War I. 1918 Began
recruiting campaign, but was taken ill and came near death; agreed to drink goat's milk and learned spinning during convalescence.

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 Jallian Wallabagh Tragedy: The British became worried about keeping
control. Soldiers were ordered to prevent people from gathering
together for meetings. Nevertheless, in 1919 ten thousand unarmed
people attended a protest meeting in Amritsar.Without warning, British
soldiers fired on the crowd, killing nearly 400 people, and wounding
over one thousand , including children ,women and elderly people.

Gandhi asked for SELF rule and Britishers to quit India. He informed 3000
British could not rule 3 million Indians. “Ours is not a drive for power,
but purely a non-violent fight for India's independence.” He told Civil
disobedience shall endure till British themselves feel the Justice in
quiting India.

Year His Life

1919 Jalian Walla bagh Massacre at Amristar

1919 1919 Spring. Rowlatt Bills (perpetuating withdrawal of civil liberties for seditious crimes) passed, and first all-India satyagraha campaign
conceived.
1919 April Organised nation-wide hartal - suspension of activity for a day - against Rowlatt Bills.
1919 1919 April Arrested at Kosi near Delhi on way to Punjab and escorted back to Bombay, but never tried.
1919 Fasted at Sabarmati for three days in penitence for violence and suspended satyagraha campaign, which he called a “Himalayan
miscalculation" because people were not disciplined enough.

1919 Assumed editorship of English weekly, Young India, and Gujarati weekly, Navajivan.
1919 Oct. After five months' refusal, authorities allowed him to visit scene of April disorders in Punjab. Worked closely with Motilal Nehru.
Conducted extensive inquiry into violence in many Punjab villages.

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 Constructive Program: Khadi Spiining

He taught his Indian friends to go against the English was by making

their own cloth instead of buying cloth from the English. You see the
English would have cotton grown in India, then they would have it
picked by Indians, put on ships, ship it to England where it would be
spun into thread, woven into cloth, shipped back to India and sold to
the Indian people for a higher price. In fact, the English had laws that
forced the Indians to buy only this cloth.
Burning /
Gandhi said, “NO WAY, that is not fair!! Why should we have to buy
abandoning of back our own cotton cloth?! Let’s spin it ourselves!” So he learned how
European to spin cotton thread on a spinning wheel - and weave it into cloth.
cloths

He spun his own yarn and made his own cloth. He encouraged others to do the
same, instead of buying imported British material. All over India , spinning wheel was
spread by the active congress leaders. People all over India renounced the European clothes and
purchased hand woven Indian cloths. Spinning wheel is demonstrated by congress leaders & members
in villages through out India.Not only khadi but also many handicraft products.

Spinning Wheel Chakra symbol became the FLAG of (INC) Indian National Congress which after
modified as Indian National Flag after independence. Khadi Spinning : It is a symbol of self reliant Labor.
It is suggestive of bread lab worker, non exploitation. It will provide alternate income to the poor and
also contribute towards decentralization and economic equality.
INC Flag with spinning wheel & tricolor

Year His Life

1920 1920 April. Elected president of All-India Home Rule League.
1920 June Successfully urged resolution for a Satyagraha campaign of non-cooperation at Moslem Conference at Allahabad and at Congress
sessions at Calcutta (Sept.) and Nagpur (Dec.)
1921 1921 Aug. Presided at bonfire of foreign cloth in Bombay. 1921 Sept. Gave up wearing shirt and cap and resolved to wear
only a loin-cloth in devotion to homespun cotton and simplicity.

16
 In India Swadeshi is
implemented through its ancient
culture. For a man in India ,
HOME is the mini country for him
to take care. Every man , woman
born on India are given a great
responsibility of keeping their
Home divine & Peaceful.
If the Homes are peaceful , then
automatically the whole state, &
nation will be peaceful.

The expansion of actual human

values is ensured in India
through its Family Structure.
This is the reason why INDIA
has been called as LAND of
GODS in the scriptures of India.
It is the family background of a
individual moulds the life.
Knowing the greatness of
Human Life , strict disciplines ,
duties & rights were formulated
for being a husband , wife,
parents, and children & other
relations.
Else life & death would
be considered very
simple and all activites
Swadeshi his wordsi n Sarvodaya : is the use of all home made things to the will be oriented towards
exclusion of foreign things , in so far as such use is necessary for the protection of short term happiness of a
Home Industry more especially those industries with out which India will become individual in his life time
pauperized. Excluding all foreign products irrespective of its great use to humanity is a and no great aim shall
narrow interpreation of Swadeshi. prevail among people.

17
 He did not want freedom born out of blood shed or violence. Even if the
freedom delays by thousand more years he wanted it all only by Non violence
means.

He was more concerned of developing the weak & poor village people in to
skilled , educated, disciplined & good hearted . Enthusiastic people and bring
SELF RULE feasible thereby automatic Independence or Freedom. He
concentrated much on the means of making free , indepednent India rather
than asking for Rights to British.

Gandhi did not fight only for Indian political Freedom , but
fought for real people’s freedom all over earth . He wants
freedom of poor farmers, labors, masons, carpenters,
helpless beggars from poverty, ignorance.

For him Non violence Truth ( Means ) are more important than INDIAN FREEDOM ( Ends) itself. He Fasted till death stopped the non co
operation movement in 1922 February all over India , when the whole of India was aroused , because two of the English Men are killed at Chauri
Chaura. His real Nonviolence was understood by other leaders Nehru & Sardar Patel and all over world at this Chauri Chaura Incident. For most
men success over British due to their helpless created by this Civil disobedience & Non cooperation movement tempted them to eliminate Brtish
by Force & Violence. Gandhiji wanted Freedom through Pure Non violence and hence Called back the Movement. Also he knew success over
british by violnce shall only be temporary.

Year His Life

1921 1921 Nov. Fasted at Bombay for five days because of communal rioting following visit of Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII and Duke of
Windsor). 1921 Dec. Mass civil disobedience, with thousands in jail. Gandhi invested with "sole executive authority" on behalf of
Congress. 1922 Feb. Suspended mass disobedience because of violence at Chauri Chaura and undertook five-day fast of penance at
Bardoli.

1922 1922 March Arrested at Sabarmati in charge of sedition in Young India. Pleaded guilty in famous . He wrote that British Government in
India as EVIL. 1922 Statement at the "great trial" in Ahmadabad before Judge Broomfield. Sentenced to six years' imprisonment in
Yeravda jail. 1923 Wrote Satyagraha in South Africa and part of his autobiography in prison

18
 Sarvodaya:
The clearest possible definition of the goal
and its appreciation would fail if we do not
know and utilize the means of achieving it.
I have therefore concerned myself
principally with the conservation of the
means and their progressive use.

I feel too that the progress towards

the goal will be in exact proportion
to the purity of our means.

He took time out to look for a pencil and the reason behind was, that pencil was given by a little child when he visited one of the homes in India.
Same way once he was visited by Nehru & Sardar to discuss Politics in his home. He served his goat with food before went out with them.

Thus for him duty towards his pet is in no way inferior to freedom movement and or respect towards a child’s
feeling is no way less to the great leaders, zamindars, British people he deals. He has no hurry towards his
goals , but gave high importance to daily duties which are causes for the End.

Year His Life

1924 1924 Jan. Was operated on for appendicitis and unconditionally released from prison in February. 1924 Sept Began 21-day "great
fast" at Mohammed Ali's home near Delhi as penance for communal rioting (between Hindus and Moslems), especially at
Kohat. 1924 Dec. Presided over Congress session at Belgaum as president.

1925 1925 Nov. Fasted at Sabarmati for seven days because of misbehaviour of members of ashram.
1925 Dec. Announced one-year political silence and immobility at Congress session at Cawnpore.

1927 1927 No-tax satyagraha campaign launched at Bardoli, led by Sardar Patel.

1928 1928 Dec. Moved compromise resolution at Congress session at Calcutta, calling for complete independence within one year, or
else the beginning of another all-Indian Satyagraha campaign.

19
 British rulers continued to
collect heavy taxes from the
people, which kept them in
poverty.It was symbolic of the
lack of freedom for Indians in
their own country.
Gandhi after initiating salt march to Dandi,
his followers, INC Leaders, members all
over nation , extracted salt from sea and
taught common people all over nation the
art of making salt from sea. People
abandoned buying salt from
market ,but made their own salt
and get distributed.
Dandi March Demonstrating Making Salt

Year His Life

1929 1929 March Arrested for burning foreign cloth in Calcutta and fined one rupee. 1929 Dec. Congress session at Lahore declared
-31 complete independence and a boycott of the legislature and fixed January 26 as National Independence Day. Third all-Indian
Satyagraha campaign began.

1930 12-Mar Set out from Sabamarti with 79 volunteers on historic salt march 278 miles from sabarmati
to sea at Dandi. 1930 6-Apr Broke salt law by picking salt up at seashore as whole world watched.
1930 May Arrested by armed policemen at Karadi and imprisoned in Yeravda jail without trial. One hundred
thousand persons arrested all over India. There was no Congress in December because all leaders were in jail
but still Sat extraction by common man continued .
British has to accept their defeat before such a great campaign.
1931 Jan. Released unconditionally with 30 other Congress leaders.
1931 March Gandhi-Irwin (Viceroy) Pact signed, which ended civil disobedience.

20
 Khadi spinning & Salt March and other constructive programs which uplifted the
economy & life of poor . Even today foreign companies try to prevent Indians using their own natural
resources, such as drugs companies which try to patent Indian medicinal plants.

About Village Swaraj in Sarvodaya:

I am convinced that if India has to attain true freedom and through India the whole world
also, then sooner or later the fact must be recognized that the people will have to live in
village , not in towns, in huts not in palaces. India’s development lies in five lakh ( 5,00,000)
villages not in five thousand ( 5000) towns.

He visualized Indian village s as busy industries with every individual a example of true satyagrahi
always busy , joyfull & enthusiastic in his work & researches. Khadi & Bread labor , village
sanitation will serve as source of work. Villager will have no time to waste and allows no laziness. His life
will be a constant lesson to his neighbors in ceaseless and joy giving work.

Constructive Programs: For him constructive programs are the real means for Indian Independence while non cooperation, civil disobedience are
only supporting wings. The main constructive works or Means for Poorna Swaraj ( True Democracy ) are

1.Khadi , Bread Labor , Physical Labor in place of Industry cloths , centralization & machines.
2.Agriculture, Tree Plantation ,Village Sanitation Hygiene & Health , Nature Cure, Diet & Reforms
3.Moral Education to children ,Adult Education & Awareness Programs
4.Union for children, youths, girls, women, labors & retired employees of various occupations for active involvement of people of all strata's of
society.
1) Bread labor : How can a man , who does not do any body labor , have the Right to eat. Hence we are told in Gita “food taken with out
sacrifice is a stolen food”. Here sacrifice could imply only Brea d labour or every individual must earn his food with his own hands. Scavenging thus
taken up will help one for true appreciation of equality of man & economic equality. It is not waste of time for an intellect , but will serve to improve
and complete the quality of the intellect.
2) Industrialism : I am afraid Industrialism to be a curse for mankind. Machinery has its place . But iam against its indiscriminate multiplication.
Men go on “Saving Labour“ through Machinery till thousands are without work and thrown on the open streets to die of starvation. Decentralized
production like khadi , will ensure full mental & moral growth of masses. Centralization ( machine based production) as a system is inconsistent with
non-violent structure of society. Gandhi’s steadfast SPINNING WHEEL KHADI movement made the whole world realized the
dark part of Industrialization.

21
Round table conference in England Lancashire 1931 St James Palace
1931 in Lancashire. In India, Gandhi had campaigned against the import of cotton cloth from England. This caused
many textile workers in England to lose their jobs. Gandhi visited them to show his solidarity – and they showed theirs.

British government was not taking Indian demands for independence seriously. A conference was organized in London, but nothing changed .
Gandhiji Pointed: “I find that my work lies outside the conference”. Conference without feel towards peoples needs is meaningless. While in
England, Gandhi met the King and the Prime Minister He told a reporter: “You people wear plus-fours, mine are minus-fours!”

Year His Life

1931 1931 Aug. Sailed from Bombay accompanied by Desai, Naidu, Mira, etc., for the second Round Table Conference, arriving in London via
Marseilles, where he was met by C.F. Andrews. 1931 Autumn. Resided at Kingsley Hall in London slums, broadcast to America, visited
universities, met celebrities, and attended Round Table Conference sessions.

1931 1931 Dec. Left England for Switzerland, where he met Romain Rolland, and Italy, where he met Mussolini.

1931 1931 Dec. Arrived in India. Was authorised by Congress to renew satyagraha campaign (fourth nation-wide effort). 1932 Jan. Arrested in
Bombay with Sardar Patel and detained without trial at Yeravda prison.

22
 Gandhiji observed
especially among
Hindus that a
community of people
were considered
inferior by the rest of
the people of same
Community.

To fight against such

discrimination , he
started a Press named
HARI Jan meaning
Son of HARI the
Harijan Fund Collection Hindu GOD. Fast against Untouchability

Year His Life

1932 1932 Sept. 20 Began "perpetual fast unto death" while in prison in protest of British action giving separate electorates to
untouchables. 1932 Sept. 26 Concluded "epic fast” with historic cell scene in presence of Tagore after British accepted "Yeravda
Pact". 1932 Dec. Joined fast initiated by another prisoner, Appasaheb Patwardhan, against Untouchability; but fast ended in two
days.

1933 1933 Began weekly publication of Harijan in place of Young India.

1933 1933 8-May Began self-purification fast of 21 days against untouchability and was released from prison by
government on first day. Fast concluded after 21 days at Poona.

1933 July Disbanded Sabarmati ashram, which became centre for removal of untouchability
1933 Aug Arrested and imprisoned at Yeravda for four days with 34 members of his ashram. When he refused to leave Yeravda
village for Poona, he was sentenced to one year's imprisonment at Yeravda.
1933 Aug. 16 Began fast against refusal of government to grant him permission to work against untouchability while in prison; on
fifth day of fast he was removed to Sassoon Hospital; his health was precarious; he was unconditionally released on eighth day.
1933 Nov. Began ten-month tour of every province in India to help end untouchability.
1933 Nov. Kasturba arrested and imprisoned for sixth time in two years.

23
 About Untouchability:
None can be born untouchable. all are sparks of the one & same
fire.Anti Untouchability is not fulfilled merely by making friends with
untouchables, but by loving all ife as our own selves.
Removal of Untouchability means love for and service of the whole
world, and thus merges in to Ahimsa. It spells the breaking down of
barriers in between men and various orders of being.

According to him , the spiritual plane with cosmic love , universal brotherhood
, as its guna’s has no manifestation of its own and it can manifest only through
physical , family , social , political and at last in the economic plane. With out
economic equality, there is no Poorna Swaraj or real freedom.

Thus Economic inequality is a Type of Un Touchability with Occupations as

Economic UnEquality a form Public gathering against
barrier. One occupation is considered superior to other .
of Un Touch ability Untouchability

Love is fake if you utilize a mason , carpenter, farmer ,manual labor for your needs in life and
deny to provide required wage to him to enable him , his family, his community to learn , develop
other skills , knowledge and rights to live life to their fullest same as you.

Year His Life

1934 1934 July Fasted at Wardha ashram for seven days in penance against intolerance of opponents of the movement against un touchability.

1934 1934 Oct. Launched All-India Village Industries Association.

1935 1935 Health declined; moved to Bombay to recover.

1936 1936 Visited Seagon, a village near Wardha in the Central Provinces, and decided to settle there... (This was renamed Sevagram in 1940 and
eventually became an ashram for his disciples.)

1937 1937 Jan. Visited Travancore for removal of untouchability.

24
 1939 letter to Hitler

As per Gandhi, “Nonviolence is the law of our

species as violence is the law of the brute.
The spirit lies dormant in the brute and he knows
no law but that of physical might. The dignity of
man requires obedience to a higher law-to the
strength of the spirit....”

25
 Gandhiji made his famous
DO or DIE speech stating we
shall either free India or Die in
the attempt.
In this struggle the common
people of the country
demonstrated unparalleled
heroism.

Other factors which added to the

momentum of movement are prices
were shooting up and there were
shortage of rice every where.

Writing a draft about Quit India Movement In Quit India Compaign

Year His Life

1938 1938 Autumn. Tour of Northwest Frontier Province with the Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Muslim Leader

1939 1939 March Began fast unto death as part of Satyagraha campaign in Rajkot; fast ended four days later when Viceroy appointed as
arbitrator.

1940 1940 Oct. Launched limited, individual civil-disobedience campaign against Britain's refusal to allow Indians to express their opinions
regarding World War II - 23,000 persons imprisoned within a year.

1942 1942 Harijan resumed publication after being suspended for 15 months.

1942 1942 March Met Sir Stafford Cripps in New Delhi but called his proposals "a post-dated cheque"; they were ultimately rejected by
Congress. 1942 Aug. Congress passed "Quit India" resolution - the final nation-wide satyagraha campaign - with Gandhi as
leader. 1942 Aug. 9 Arrested with other Congress leaders and Kasturba and imprisoned in Aga Khan Palace near Poona, with populace
revolting in many parts of India. He began correspondence with Viceroy.

1942 1942 Aug. Mahadev Desai, Gandhi's secretary and intimate, died in Palace.

26
 I donot believe in people
telling others of their faith
especially with a view to
conversation.Faith doesnot
admit of telling.It has to be
lived and then it becomes
self propagating.

Religion is a very personal

matter.We should by living the life
according to our lights share the
best with one another, thus adding
to the sum total of human effort to
reach GOD

Gandhi had good relations with many Muslims.Here he is shown with Abdul Ghaffar Khan, who Gandhi engaging Muslims in 1947 during his
was known as the ‘frontier Gandhi’, for his work promoting peace on the border with Afghanistan fast to reduce riots.

Year His Life

1943 1943 Feb. 10 Began 21-day fast at Aga Khan Palace to end deadlock of negotiations between Viceroy and Indian leaders.

1944 1944 Feb. 22 Kasturba died in detention at Aga Khan Palace at age of seventy-four.
1944 Sept Important talks with Jinnah of Moslem League in Bombay on Hindu-Moslem unity.
1946 1944 6-May After decline in health, was released unconditionally from detention (this was his last imprisonment; he had spent 2338 days in jail
during his life time).

1946 1946 March Conferred with British Cabinet Mission in New Delhi. 1946 Nov. Began four-month tour of 49 villages in East Bengal to quell
communal rioting over Moslem representation in provisional government.

1947 1947 March. Began tour of Bihar to lessen Hindu-Moslem tensions. 1947 March Began conferences in New Delhi with Viceroy (Lord
Mountbatten) in Jinnah. 1947 May Opposed Congress decision to accept division of country into India and Pakistan..

27
 His Words in Sarvodaya:

Non Violent resistance is the noblest and best education. It should come in education before child
learns alphabets. Child before learns worldly knowledge should know what Soul is , what Truth
is , What Love is.

It should be an essential of real education that a child should learn that in the struggle of life , he
can easily conquer hate by love, untruth by truth, violence by self suffering .

It is because I felt the force of this truth that during latter part of the struggle, I endeavored as
much as I could to train the children at Tolstoy Farm and then at Phoenix along these lines.

I hold that true education of intellect can only come through proper exercise of the bodily
During his preaching / campaign
organs .ie I want the whole education to be imparted through some handicraft or industry.

Education system utilizes much of human life’s time , must provide effective output to lead his
life. Education with out practical utilization and without creating a independent living to the
individual is of no use.

Education must be character building tool rather than money gaining

tool. It should bring in him courage, strength, virtue, ability to forget
oneself in working towards great aims.

Adult education for continuos earning , to enhance themselves and create strong link and
bond between child , youths, parents, elder people , teachers, peoples of all occupations in
the society.

He want a group of people to preach better methods of sanitation , hygience, health, farming,
weaving. He want them to go home to home and preach education and prevent miseries
rather than Cure miseries by delivering medicines, tablets, For him preaching education
is best toll for peace and prevention.

1940 ‘the scientist’

28
 Other than Politics gandhiji made his life busy in serving
the humanity as a whole. He was a wtiter and held many
campings regarding social evils , upliftment ,personal
disciplines and occupational ethics. Some of the topics
which he wrote & preached are

1) No Moral right to Capital

2) Trusteeship & Ownership of Land
3) Equal rights for sexes , Intermarriage
4) Women, Widhowwood
5) Individual & Society
6) Non killing of animals
Talking to a blind in March 1947 Attending a Leper 7) Health, Hygiene , sanitation, cleanliess
8) Nature cure Methods , environmental science
9) Vegetarianism & Milk as violent diet
10) Self Government , democracy , Village Swaraj
11) Right of Minorities
12) Cowardice & Violence
13) Economic Equality & Equality of Income.
14) Bread Labor & manual labor
15) Bad effects of Industrialization & Centralization
16) Non violent occupations
17) Lawyers ,Doctors , Police - Occupational ethics
18) Non cooperation & Civil disobedience
19) Labors, kisans, artisans, Unions , duties & rights
20) Riots, Thefts, Assaults
Few ways by which he reached common man al over Nation are 21) Divorce , Contraceptrion
22) Religion , God, Truth , Ahimsa, Love
1)Wrote books, in new papers , journals ( harijan , young India )
2)Forming labor unions to get their rights Etc.
3)Collecting funds for various social activities & ashrams Thus he expanded his involvement in all aspects of Human
4)Personal Physical service to diseased, handicapped people life that many have less or narrow idea.
5)Education & awareness through campaigns & meetings
6)Motivating children , youths, women to participate in politics, reforms , etc

29
 True democracy cannot be worked by twenty men sitting at the centre. It has to be
worked from below by the people of every village.

There must be labor unions right from agriculture, masons, carpentery to all types, union for children,
youths, women, retired people, in every village to ensure active participation of themselves in Governing
the state. Only then Self Rule could be established. In other words all must know of their duty to make
Self Rule happen. .
Duties First , Rights follow there with.

Gandhi had good relations with Nehru, who became Prime Minister of India in
1947. However their visions for India .were different. Nehru wanted Industrialization.
Gandhi had traditional village life at the heart of his vision
For him Communal harmony and universal brotherhood is the true expression
of all religions
Gandhi worried that Goverment should not pass into hands which would result in
British Goverment by Indian. He wanted poor man’s government or Poona
Swaraj or True Democracy.
Gandhi wanted WOMEN empowerment through family discipline. Women should
withheld her respect by not allowing men to use her for Indulgence. Women
community should demand men their rights for education, politics, village
management , and government policies towards women empowerment.
Physical work labors should not get dominated by capital land lords. Instead form
unions and demand good education , food, clothing, shelter, for their children. Else
all labors shall abandon work leaving capital investor to do physical work for
themselves ,Labor must be a powerful force in society.
Labors must work continuously and enthusiastically to upgrade their techniques,
skills, to give better product at lesser resource expenses.
If all do their part of duty then all violence shall
subside. The duties of every individual towards
democracy has to be formulated in all aspects of all
out of which seven are described below
NONVIOLENCE: Seven Social issues which do not allow
Ahimsa to be practiced as per Gandhi are
1) Politics with out principles-implies unity for selfish and
petty desires or Ensuring Principle is the duty of
Politician
2) Wealth without work-implies extracting work with out
wealth ( just pay) in other part of earth through force or
utilizing ignorance of people.
3) Pleasure without conscience-implies life animal which
bears no responsibility to peace
4) Knowledge with out character-implies knowledge
misunderstood
5) Commerce without morality-implies Money domination
over workers
6) Science with out Humanity-implies External Physical
world superior to human values
7) Worship without sacrifice-implies degraded GOD who
could grant pleasure with out effort

30
 Gandhi fasted so that
people would stop
fighting. Without his
fasting, it is probable
that more people
would have died in the
riots of 1947. The
Partition of Pakistan
from India in 1947
broke Gandhi’s heart.

Gandhi’s campaign had weakened the British government’s

Hindu Muslim riots which forced
Gandhiji to accept partition.
Over 10 million people were uprooted
from their homeland and travelled on
foot, bullock carts and trains to their
promised new home.
hold on the country, but with independence looming by
1947 , killings and riots raged between Hindus and Muslims.
He even spoke to Nehru to give up his post of Prime Minister
to Jinnah. But Partition was the only demand of the time. and
was forced to agree because of the threat of civil war.
It was decided to divide India into two separate countries -
India and Pakistan.

Year His Life

1947 1947 Aug. 15 Fasted and prayed to combat riots in Calcutta as India was partitioned and granted independence.
1947 Sept. Fasted for three days to stop communal violence in Calcutta. 1947 Sept. Visited Delhi and environs to stop
rioting and to visit camps of refugees (Hindus and Sikhs from the Punjab).

31
 Village Swaraj is the essence of all his teachings &
life. Peace lies in making things simple through
village life. More the discipline , love & brother hood
between man need for machine becomes
insignificant. Automatically world will get reduced in
to village.

When men fail to communicate and

compromise ,through heart , they make rules,
regulations, guards, police forces, judges, courts,
business trend, money accumulation due to fear,
etc.

As man develops , his heart & mind will be

open to other men , that need of police,
judges, courts, lawyers, military forces ,
machines, transports, will come to Nill.
The Mans time & resources spent in
Governing will reduce. The best
government is one which governs less

Gandhiji wanted such love & brother hood and al his

actions to accommodate Muslims , muslim rights in
Year His Life India etc were not liked bt a group of Hindus who felt
that Muslims should not be given so much Right s in
1948 1948 Jan. 13 Fasted for five days in Delhi for communal unity. 1948 Jan. 20
India.
Bomb exploded in midst of his prayer meeting at Birla House,
Muslims feared that that Majority Hindus will ruin
Delhi. 1948 Jan. 30 Assassinated in 79th year at Birla House by Nathuram
them and always conflicted to safeguard their
Vinayak Godse.
Rights.This was the cause of Riots & finally Godse
shot Ganhdiji on jan30 1948.

32

Men are wealth , Not Gold & Silver: That country is the
richest which nourishes the great number of noble and
happy human beings.
That man is richest who having perfected the functions of his own life to
the utmost, has also the widest helpful influence, both personal and by
means of his possessions over the lives of others.
The final consummation of all wealth is in producing as many as possible
full breathed bright eyed and happy hearted human beings and not gold
and silver.
But in capitalistic economics, labour is dealt with as a
commodity to be bought or sold. It is completely
detached of fundamental human consideration.
You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity
is an ocean; if a few drops of the ocean are
dirty, the ocean does not become dirty.
Also Our remote ancestors were cannibals,
wandering hunters killing creatures, then
ashamed of their own living therefore took
agriculture, founded villages, kingdoms, cities,
towns, and became a member of family, then
member of a community and religion and nation.
Prophets and avatars have also taught the lesson
of ahimsa.
All these are signs of progressive ahimsa &
diminishing Himsa and it has to progress towards
it still further. If not progressing Mankind would
have become extinct by this time.
Industrialism ( power driven machines) has
brought a new task to man in 20 th century. It is
not war between rich , poor , capital & labor but
war between humanity & machine. Machine
should always be under service of humanity and
bring peace to man. Else there shall be total
injustice , breaching of human values , ethics
resulting in poverty and immorality every where.
33
 Gandhi’s ideas of non-violent
protest - or trying to change
unfair practices or laws
without hurting anyone - have
been used by important leaders
in our country and around the
world.

In United States, the most famous

example is Dr. Martin
Luther King Jr., when he
joined others in the struggle
for equal rights and justice for
African Americans.

He coined the word NON

VIOLENCE and preached to
whole world and created a new
religion based on Ahimsa.

He lead a very honest life seeking Truth & God in all his actions, which enabled him to bear the below quotes.....

‘Be the Change you want to see in the World!’...

‘My life is my Message’

34

JAIHIND: Let all of us WORK towards
National and human development and
pride to be a Dutiful Citizen
Presentation compiled by
Gandhi World Foundation.
Web: Gandhiworld.in
Dedicated to India & Father of Our Nation
First Edition: Oct 2 013
144 th birthday Anniversary
His life is an example of hard work ,
truthfulness, honest relations ship,
leadership, sacrifice, self suffering,
determination, ethics, morality,
religious involvement , prideful &
dutiful citizen of mother India.He is an
embodiment of all goodness that he
transformed lives of not millions or
billions but the whole world for ever.
Gandhiji is a genuine & true friend to
all life's , souls in the world and
beyond for infinite years yet to
come. His Message has
inspired us to work towards
HUMANITY and shown us a
clear path for it.
Whomsoever knows Gandhi’s principles could never do unjust
action in any plane of life and People will get converted as a
better being gradually. The ultimate message of Gandhiji is
truth.
For the quest of truth involves Tapas, self suffering . Truth is
the Right designation of GOD and yield not Truth Unto
parents , unto wife , unto friends, unto death even unto
GOD.
In such selfless search for Truth nobody can lose his bearings
for Long. It is truthfulness and sacrifice which makes every
relation , event , organization wise & divine .
35