See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/371701602

Study of Different Types of Conveyor System And Their Use According To The
Various Needs of Different Industries

Conference Paper · June 2023

CITATIONS READS

0 440

2 authors, including:

Utkarsh A. Patil
D.K.T.E. Society's Textile & Engineering Institute
12 PUBLICATIONS 27 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Utkarsh A. Patil on 20 June 2023.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EXCELLENCE IN DESIGN, MANUFACTURING & AUTOMATION (NCEDMA)
Study of Different Types of Conveyor System And Their Use According
To The Various Needs of Different Industries
Abhijeet K Baji, PG student
Utkarsh Patil, PG student
Department of Mechanical Engineering
D.K.T.E. Society of Textile and Engineering Institute
Ichalkaranji, India.
abhijeet.baji99@gmail.com
Abstract –Conveyor is one of the best material
handlingequipment used for transport material
from one point to another. Conveyors are
especially useful in application involving the
transportation of heavy or bulky material.
Conveyor system allows quick and efficient
transportation of wide verity of materials, which
make them very popular in material handling
and packaging industry. This paper represents
study of various types of conveyor system. Many
kind of conveying system are available and used
according to various needs of different industries
are described in this paper. Chain conveyor,
roller conveyor, slat conveyor, gravity conveyor,
belt conveyor, overhead conveyors are described
in this paper commonly used in many industries
for various purpose and application.
Keywords— conveyor; application; industries;
material handling; types .
4. INTRODUCTION
A conveyor system is a common piece of mechanical
handling equipment that moves materials from one location to
another. Conveyors are especially useful in applications
involving the transportation of heavy or bulky materials.
Conveyor are mainly consisting of one or more endless chain
on which slat, roller or belt are attached to form moving
support of object being conveyed. They are driven by motor or
gravitation energy. Fig. 1.1 shows general layout of conveyor
system used in the industries. Many kind of conveying system
are available and used according to various needs of different
industries. Chain conveyor, roller conveyor, slat conveyor,
gravity conveyor, belt conveyor, overhead conveyors
commonly used in many industries including mining,
automotive, agriculture, computer, processing, food,
electronic, aerospace etc. for various purpose and application.
2018
Prof.(Dr) V. R. Nike, HOD
Department of Mechanical Engineering D.K.T.E.
Society of Textile and Engineering Institute
Ichalkaranji, India.
II. TYPES OF CONVEYOR SYSTEM
Many kinds of conveying systems are available and are used
according to the various needs of different industries. Various
types of conveyor are listed as,
Gravity conveyor
Belt conveyor
Slat conveyor
Pneumatic Conveyor
Roller Conveyor
Overhead Conveyor
Screw conveyor
H. GRAVITY CONVEYOR
Gravity conveyors, as stated earlier, use gravity to move
objects from one place to another. These conveyors do not use
any other force to move the object down the line except for the
force that is already on the object when it enters the conveyor,
such as the force the worker puts on the object when it is
pushed onto the conveyor.
Gravity Roller conveyor
Roller conveyors use cylinders on axles to move products
down the line. The rollers and axles are have very low friction
so that it takes very little gravitational force to make the rollers
rotate. These conveyors are ideal for heavy-duty loads and are
more suited for flat-bottomed objects. Roller conveyors are
more expensive and require more maintenance than chutes but
are still less expensive than powered conveyors due to their
use of gravity. Also, roller conveyors force the product to keep
its initial orientation when it enters the conveyor all the way to
where it exits the conveyor. These are used in the industries
where transportation of light load from top side to bottom side
is required.
225
NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EXCELLENCE IN DESIGN, MANUFACTURING & AUTOMATION (NCEDMA)
L. Belt Conveyor
A belt conveyor system is one of many types of
conveyorsystems. A belt conveyor system
consists of two or
more pulleys (sometimes referred
to as drums), with an endless loop
of carrying medium—the conveyor
belt—that rotates about them. One
or both of the pulleys are powered,
moving the belt and the material
on the belt forward. The powered pulley is called the drive
pulley while the unpowered pulley is called the idler pulley.
There are two main industrial classes of belt conveyors; Those
in general material handling such as those moving boxes along
inside a factory and bulk material handling such as those used
to transport large volumes of resources and agricultural
materials, such as grain, salt, coal, ore, sand, overburden and
more.
Belt conveyors are used material handling applications such as
food services, baggage handling, packaging, scrap handling,
and postal service, among many others. Various belt materials
are available including metals and non-metals depending on
the application requirements. Belt conveyors are typically
powered and can be operated at various speeds depending on
the throughput required. The conveyors can be operated
horizontally or can be inclined as well.
Structural diagram
The structural diagram of the belt conveyor is show in the
above fig. belt conveyor consisting of drive pulley, ideal
pulley and belt. It is driven by belt pulley mechanism powered
by electric motor.
 Slat conveyor
Slat Conveyors are material
handling systems that use steel,
wood, or other materials typically
mounted on roller chains to convey
product. Key specifications include
the intended application,
2018
configuration, load capacity, slat width and overall conveyor
length, along with electrical specifications as required.
Apron/slat conveyors are used primarily in material handling
applications for moving large, heavy objects including crates,
drums, or pallets in heavy-industry settings such as foundries
and steel mills. The slats allow for heavy duty use with less
wear and tear. These conveyor systems are usually powered
and come in many sizes and load capacities.
Structural diagram
Mostly slat conveyors are used for assembly line of vehicle.
Slat conveyor is a conveyor consisting of one or more endless
chain to w hich horizontal slat is attached to form a moving
support for object being conveyed. They are suitable for
application Vehicle assembly lines, Car shower leakage
testing lines, Inspection lines, White goods assembly lines,
Carton box handling, Hot metal handling and various sub-
assembly lines. They are consist of slats attached on endless
chain drive shaft assembly consist of sprocket, transmission
shaft which is driven by the motor and give required power to
the chain and drive the conveyor as show in fig. Take up
assembly at another side consist of component sprocket and
take up shaft provide required tension to the chain.
I. Pneumatic/Vacuum Conveyor
Pneumatic / Vacuum Conveyors are material handling
systems that use air pressure or
vacuum to transport materials or items
in or through closed tubes or ducts or
along surfaces. Key specifications
include the intended application,
conveyor type or configuration, and
working pressure, as well as the power
requirements. Pneumatic/vacuum conveyors are used
primarily in materials handling applications such as dust
collection, paper
handling, ticket delivery, etc. and in processes such as
chemical, mineral, scrap, and food. Materials for the
conveyors can be metallic or non-metallic depending on the
media being conveyed. Various sizes are available depending
on the load and throughput requirements.
226
NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EXCELLENCE IN DESIGN, MANUFACTURING & AUTOMATION (NCEDMA) 2018

track, monorail, trolley, as well as inclined or ramped.

Depending on the application, the load carrying capacity may
be critical. Most overhead conveyors systems are powered and
controlled, while others are hand operated. They are used for
foundry application also.

 Screw Conveyor
A conventional mechanical conveying system runs in a Screw Conveyors are material handling systems that use
straight line, with minimal directional changes, and each helical elements to convey products. Key specifications
directional change typically requires its own motor and drive. include the conveyor type and configuration, load
The mechanical conveying system may be open rather than
capacity,throughput, and length,as well as the required
enclosed, potentially generating dust. It also has relative large
electrical requirements. Screw conveyors are used primarily in
number of moving parts, which usually required frequent
material handling applications including food handling,
maintenance. Fig shows a pneumatic conveying system it uses
concrete, and chemicals, amongconveyors can also convey
a simple, small diameter pipeline to transfer material. The
various mechanical parts. A typical use may be for bottling
pipeline can be arranged with bends to fit around existing
applications to convey the bottles discretely. The screw can be
equipment, giving the system more layout flexibility and the
of a paddle or ribbon design depending on the application and
system also has a relatively small footprint. The system is
can be driven via a chain and sprocket, gears, or direct drive.
totally enclosed and typically has few moving parts as it is
Materials can be metal or nonmetal depending on the media
electronically managed.
being conveyed.
[17] Roller Conveyor
Roller Conveyors are material handling
systems that use
rollers mounted in frames to convey product either by gravity
or manually. Key specifications include the load capacity,
roller diameter, and axle
centre dimensions, along
with the conveyor overall
length and width as required.
Roller Conveyors are used
primarily in material
handling applications such as
on loading docks, for
baggage handling, or on assembly lines among many others.
The rollers are not powered and use gravity, if inclined, to
move the product, or manually if mounted horizontally. The
conveyors can be straight or curved depending on the
application and available floor space.

 Overhead Conveyor
The exploded view of screw conveyor is shown in fig. they
consist of long screw motor is mounted at one end. They are
most suitable for short distance. They also used to transport
coal in coal mines.

 Chain Conveyor

Overhead Conveyors are material handling systems mounted

from ceilings that use trolleys or carriers moved by chains,
cables, or similar connections as show in fig. Key
specifications include the intended application, conveyor type
and configuration, control type, and load capacity, as well as
the required electrical specifications. Overhead conveyors are
used primarily in material handling applications where the
product needs to be hung such as dry-cleaning garment lines,
paint lines, or parts handling systems, of for cooling and
curing. Various configurations are available including electric

227
NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EXCELLENCE IN DESIGN, MANUFACTURING & AUTOMATION (NCEDMA)
Chain Conveyors are material handling systems that use
mechanical devices attached to moving members, usually
chains or cables, to drag or tow products. Key specifications
include the intended application, conveyor type and
configuration, load capacity, and power rating, as well as other
electrical requirements. Chain conveyors are used primarily
inmaterial handling applications to drag or tow various
products in different manners. Chain conveyors are used for
product being attached to, and conveyed directly by, the chain
and used for moving pallets or other hard-to-convey products.
Tow conveyors use cables or chains, usually in the floor or
just above it, to tow product directly or to tow wheeled carts or
dollies. Drag conveyors are used to convey bulk materials in
bins, flights, or other attachments and can have multiple
discharge or loading points. Tubular drag conveyors are able
to convey product in any direction.
Conclusion
The all above conveyor described in this paper are very
efficient and wildly used in the industries for various purposes
to transfer heavy or bulk material from one point to another
point. Many factors are important in the accurate selection ofa
conveyor system. It is important to know how the conveyor
system will be used beforehand. Some individual areas that
are helpful to consider are the required conveyor operations,
such as transportation, accumulation and sorting, the material
sizes, weights and shapes and w here the loading and pickup
points need to be.Slat and overhead conveyors are suitable
forthe transportation of heavy and large size component hence
they are mostly used in automobile, aerospace industries and
for foundry application also. Roller and belt conveyor are very
popular in packaging, electronic, food processing, bottling and
View publication stats
2018
canning, computer, pharmaceutical industries. In mining
industries for transportation of coal screw conveyor is suitable.
Reference
1) David W. Shaw, “slat conveyor,” Alfa level cheese
system, vol.12, ISSNo.13027-1867, sept 1988, pp.1-
10.
2) Pradnyaratna A. Meshram, Dr. A R Sahu P.G
Student,“Design modeling analysis of conveyor
system used for transportation of carton,” International
journal in research in advent technology, vol.4, E-
ISSN: 2321-9637, April 2016, pp.45-55.
3) Daniel J. Fonseca, Timothy J. Greene, “The
knowledge based system for conveyor equipment
selection,” ExpertSystems with Applications, vol.26,
ISSN NO.1522, May2004 pp.615–623.
4) A.J.Kadam, Prof S V Deshpande, “Design and
development of conveyor chain outer link by
composite material.,” Noveture publication, IJIERT,
vol.2, issue 12,ISSN:2393-3696, June 2014, pp.213-
221.
5) Mr Dinesh S. Borse, Prof. Avinash V Patil,
“Optimization of chain link of material handling
system from FEA andExpiremental aspect”, IJEART,
volume-3, Issue-7, ISSN: 2454-9290, Jan 2017,pp.
228