Anglican Church of Australia

The Anglican Church of Australia, formerly known as the Church of England in

Anglican Church of
Australia and Tasmania,[2] is a Christian church in Australia and an autonomous
church of the Anglican Communion. It is the second largest church in Australia after the Australia
Catholic Church.[3] According to the 2016 census, 3.1 million Australians identify as
Anglicans.[4] As of 2016, the Anglican Church of Australia had more than 3 million
nominal members and 437,880 active baptised members.[5][6] For much of Australian
history since the arrival of the First Fleet in January 1788, the church was the largest
religious denomination. It remains today one of the largest providers of social welfare
services in Australia.[7]

On 16 August 2022, the Anglican Church saw a split: with Conservatives forming a
company to establish a breakaway church Diocese of the Southern Cross.[8] Its leader is
Bishop Glenn Davies, former Archbishop of Sydney. The split was caused over the
position on same sex marriage, among other issues.[9]

History
Arms
When the First Fleet was sent to New South Wales in 1787, Richard Johnson of the
Church of England was licensed as chaplain to the fleet and the settlement. In 1825
Thomas Scott was appointed Archdeacon of Australia under the jurisdiction of the
Bishop of Calcutta, Reginald Heber. William Grant Broughton, who succeeded Scott in
1829, was consecrated the first (and only) "Bishop of Australia" in 1836.

In early Colonial times, the Church of England clergy

worked closely with the governors. Richard Johnson, a
chaplain, was charged by the governor, Arthur Phillip, with Flag
improving "public morality" in the colony, but he was also
Classification Protestant
heavily involved in health and education.[10] Samuel
Marsden (1765–1838) had magisterial duties, and so was Orientation Anglican
equated with the authorities by the convicts. He became Scripture Holy Bible
known as the "flogging parson" for the severity of his
Theology Anglican doctrine
punishments.[11] Some of the Irish convicts had been
transported to Australia for political crimes or social Polity Episcopal
rebellion in Ireland, so the authorities were suspicious of
Primate Geoffrey Smith
Roman Catholicism for the first three decades of settlement
Archbishop of
Richard Johnson, and Roman Catholic convicts were compelled to attend
Adelaide[1]
chaplain to the First Church of England services and their children and orphans
Fleet were raised by the authorities as Anglicans.[12][13] Territory Australia
Independence 1962
The Church of England lost its legal privileges in the
Colony of New South Wales by the Church Act of 1836. Drafted by the reformist Members 3,101,200
attorney-general John Plunkett, the act established legal equality for Anglicans, Roman Official website anglican.org.au
Catholics and Presbyterians and was later extended to Methodists.[14] (http://www.anglic
an.org.au/)
A mission to the Aboriginal peoples was established in the Wellington Valley in New
South Wales by the Church Missionary Society in 1832, but it ended in failure and
indigenous people in the 19th century demonstrated a reluctance to convert to the religion of the colonists who were seizing their
lands.[15]

In 1842 the Diocese of Tasmania was created. In 1847 the rest of the Diocese of Australia was divided into the four separate
dioceses of Sydney, Adelaide, Newcastle and Melbourne. Over the following 80 years the number of dioceses increased to 25.
Sectarianism in Australia tended to reflect
the political inheritance of Britain and
Ireland. Until 1945, the vast majority of
Roman Catholics in Australia were of Irish
descent, causing the Anglo-Protestant
majority to question their loyalty to the
British Empire.[13] The Australian
Constitution of 1901 provided for freedom
of religion. Australian society was
predominantly Anglo-Celtic, with 40% of
the population being Anglican. It remained
the largest Christian denomination until the
1986 census. After World War II, the ethnic
and cultural mix of Australia diversified and
Anglicanism gave way to Roman
Catholicism as the largest denomination.
The number of Anglicans attending regular
worship began to decline in 1959 and
figures for occasional services (baptisms, Major religious affiliations in Australia by census year[16]
confirmations, weddings and funerals)
started to decline after 1966.[15] In recent
times, the Anglican and other Christian churches of Australia have been active in ecumenical activity. The Australian Committee
for the World Council of Churches was established in 1946 by the Anglican and mainline Protestant churches. The movement
evolved and expanded with Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches later joining and by 1994 the Roman Catholic Church was
also a member of the national ecumenical body, the National Council of Churches in Australia.

Since 1 January 1962 the Australian church has been autocephalous and headed by its own primate. On 24 August 1981 the
church officially changed its name from the Church of England in Australia and Tasmania to the Anglican Church of
Australia.[17]

Although the Book of Common Prayer remains the official standard for Anglican belief and worship in Australia, An Australian
Prayer Book (AAPB) was published in 1978 after a prolonged revision of liturgy. Another alternative service book, A Prayer
Book for Australia (APBA), was published in 1995.[15]

In 1985 the general synod of the Australian church passed a canon to allow the ordination of women as deacons. In 1992 the
general synod approved legislation allowing dioceses to ordain women to the priesthood. Dioceses could choose to adopt the
legislation. In 1992, 90 women were ordained in the Anglican Church of Australia and two others who had been ordained
overseas were recognised.[18] After decades of debate the issue of women's ordination, particularly as bishops, continues to
divide traditionalists and reformers within the church. As of November 2013 five dioceses had not ordained women as priests
and two had not ordained women as deacons.[19][20][21] The most recent diocese to vote in favour of ordaining women as
priests was the Ballarat diocese in October 2013.[21] In 2008, Kay Goldsworthy was ordained as an assistant bishop for the
Diocese of Perth, thus becoming the first woman consecrated as a bishop of the Anglican Church of Australia.[22] Sarah Macneil
was elected in 2013 to be the first female diocesan bishop in Australia.[23] In 2014 she was consecrated and installed as the first
female diocesan bishop in Australia (for the Diocese of Grafton in New South Wales).[24]

The church remains a major provider of education and welfare services in Australia.[25] It provides chaplains to the Australian
Defence Force, hospitals, schools, industry and prisons.[15] Senior clergy such as Peter Jensen, former Archbishop of Sydney,
have a high profile in discussions on a diverse range of social issues in contemporary national debates.[26] In recent times the
church has encouraged its leaders to talk on such issues as indigenous rights; international security; peace and justice; and
poverty and equity.[27] The current primate is Geoffrey Smith, Archbishop of Adelaide, who commenced in the role on 7 April
2020[1] after Philip Freier stepped down on 31 March 2020.[28]

Like other religious groups, the church has come under criticism in light of cases of sexual abuse by clergy and others.[29][30]

2022 split
On 16 August 2022, the church experienced a split when some conservatives formed a breakaway church called the Diocese of
the Southern Cross. It is to be led by a former Archbishop of Sydney, Glenn Davies. The split was principally caused over same
sex marriage among other issues.[9] In September 2022, the Diocese of Sydney voted to declare the church to be in a state of
"deep breach of fellowship" as a result of the division.[31]

Demographics and structure

Until the 1986 census, Australia's most populous Christian church was
the Anglican Church of Australia. Since then Roman Catholics have
outnumbered Anglicans by an increasing margin. One rationale to
explain this relates to changes in Australia's immigration patterns.
Before the Second World War, the majority of immigrants to Australia
had come from the United Kingdom – though most of Australia's
Roman Catholic immigrants had come from Ireland. After World War
II, Australia's immigration program diversified and more than
6.5 million migrants arrived in Australia in the 60 years after the war,
including more than a million Roman Catholics.

Census data shows that as a percentage of population Anglican

affiliation peaked in 1921 at 43.7%, and the number of persons
indicating Anglican affiliation peaked in 1991 at 4 million. In the 2016
there were 3,101,000 Anglicans, representing 13.3 per cent of the People who identify as Anglican as a percentage of the
population. (See accompanying graph.) total population in Australia at the 2011 census, divided
geographically by statistical local area
Unlike other churches, the Anglican Church of Australia does not
publish churchwide attendance statistics.[32] In 2011, the National
Church Life Survey estimated that 155,000 Australians attended an Anglican church weekly, down from 191,600 in 1991.[33]
However, the church does tabulate figures on clergy, which are used to allocate diocesan representation at General Synod. In
2015, there were 2,441 active bishops, priests and deacons in the church, up from 2,340 in 1991.[32]

The Australian church consists of twenty-three dioceses arranged into five provinces (except for Tasmania) with the
metropolitical sees in the states' capital cities. Anglican clergy are concentrated in Australia's major cities, with the five
metropolitical dioceses accounting for 64 percent of active clergy. When adding the mixed urban and rural dioceses of Canberra
and Goulburn, Newcastle, Northern Territory and Tasmania, urban areas account for 79 percent of active clergy.[32] The
evangelical Diocese of Sydney is by far the largest diocese; in 2011, its 58,300 weekly attenders[34] accounted for 37.6 percent
of the Anglican Church's weekly attendance, and in 2015, the diocese's 688 active clergy accounted for 28.1 percent of the
active clergy across the church.[32]

Broughton Publishing is the church's national publishing arm.[35]

State/Territory[36][37] % 2021 % 2016 % 2011 % 2006 % 2001

Australian Capital Territory 8.2 10.8 14.7 16.7 18.5

New South Wales 11.9 15.5 20.0 21.8 23.8

Northern Territory 6.0 8.4 11.4 12.3 14.7

Queensland 11.3 15.3 18.9 20.4 22.5

South Australia 7.2 10.0 12.6 13.7 15.2

Tasmania 14.4 20.4 26.0 29.3 32.4

Total 9.8 13.3 17.1 18.7 20.7

Victoria 6.5 9.0 12.3 13.6 15.3

Western Australia 10.1 14.3 18.8 20.4 22.6

Indigenous ministry

The National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Anglican Council (NATSIAC) appoints two Indigenous bishops for national
work with indigenous people: the National Aboriginal Bishop (currently Chris McLeod) is based in South Australia (as an
assistant bishop of the Anglican Diocese of Adelaide); while the National Torres Strait Islander Bishop (currently vacant) is
based at Thursday Island, Queensland (as an assistant bishop of the Anglican Diocese of North Queensland).

Society, arts and culture

Welfare and education

Anglicans have played a prominent role in welfare and education since Colonial times, when First Fleet chaplain Richard
Johnson was credited by one convict as "the physician both of soul and body" during the famine of 1790 and was charged with
general supervision of schools.[10] Today the church remains a significant provider of social welfare with organisations working
in education, health, missionary work, social welfare and communications. Welfare organisations include Anglicare and
Samaritans.[25] The Anglicare network comprises 9000 volunteers beyond paid staff, who assisted some 940,000 Australians in
2016 in areas such as emergency relief, aged care, family support and assistance for the homeless.[38]

There are around 145 Anglican schools in Australia, providing for more than 105,000 children.[25] Church schools range from
low-fee, regional and special needs schools to high-fee leading independent schools such as Geelong Grammar (whose alumni
include Charles III and Rupert Murdoch) and The Kings School in Sydney. Anglican Schools Australia is the national schools
network of the general synod.

Architecture

The first Church of England edifice was built in the colony of New South Wales in
1793.[39] Today, most towns in Australia have at least one Christian church. One of
Australia's oldest Anglican churches is St James' Church in Sydney, built between 1819
and 1824. The historic church was designed by Governor Macquarie's architect, Francis
Greenway – a former convict – and built with convict labour. The church is set on a
sandstone base and built of face brick with the walls articulated by brick piers.[40]
Sydney's Anglican cathedral, St Andrew's, was consecrated in 1868 from foundations
laid in the 1830s. Largely designed by Edmund Thomas Blacket in the Perpendicular
Gothic style reminiscent of English cathedrals. Blacket also designed St Saviour's
St John the Baptist Church, Reid,
Cathedral in Goulburn, based on the Decorated Gothic style of a large English parish
built in the 1840s, is the oldest
church and built between 1874 and 1884.[41]
building within Canberra's city
precinct
St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne, from a foundation stone laid in 1880, is a Melbourne
landmark. It was designed by the distinguished English architect William Butterfield in
Gothic Transitional.[42]

Tasmania is home to a number of significant colonial Anglican buildings including those located at Australia's best preserved
convict era settlement, Port Arthur. According to 19th century notions of prisoner reform, the Model Prison incorporates a grim
chapel, into which prisoners in solitary confinement were shepherded to listen (in individual enclosures) to the preacher's Sunday
sermon – their only permitted interaction with another human being.[43] Adelaide, the capital of South Australia has long been
known as the City of Churches and its St Peter's Anglican Cathedral is a noted city landmark.[44]

The oldest building in the city of Canberra is the picturesque St John the Baptist Church in Reid, consecrated in 1845. This
church long predates the city of Canberra and is not so much representative of urban design as it is of the Bush chapels which
dot the Australian landscape and stretch even into the far Outback.

A number of notable Victorian era chapels and edifices were also constructed at church schools across Australia. Along with
community attitudes to religion, church architecture changed significantly during the 20th century.

Ordination of women
Since 1985 the church has permitted the ordination of women on a diocesan basis. The first woman to be ordained was Marion
Macfarlane, ordained to the "Female Diaconate" in 1884 in the Diocese of Melbourne.[45] In 1992, the first women were
ordained as priests, initially in the Diocese of Perth and then around the country.[46] In 2008, the Diocese of Perth consecrated
the first female bishop, the Rt Revd Kay Goldsworthy.[47] In 2014, the Diocese of Grafton consecrated and installed the first
female diocesan bishop, the Rt Revd Sarah Macneil. Bishop Kay Goldsworthy became the second female diocesan bishop when
she was enthroned as bishop of Gippsland[48] then in 2018 she was installed as Archbishop of Perth. The dioceses of Sydney,
North West Australia and formerly The Murray did not ordain women as priests.[49] In 2017, the Diocese of The Murray
ordained its first female deacon, becoming the last diocese to ordain women to the diaconate.[50] In August 2017, the Anglicans
of Western Australia elected the Anglican Church of Australia's first female archbishop, Kay Goldsworthy.[51] In a statement
representing a conservative and complementarian view, Bishop Gary Nelson said that Archbishop Goldsworthy "would not be
recognised in her new role" as the metropolitan for the province.[52]

In June 2023 the Synod of The Murray voted to allow the ordination of women as priests[53] and on 12 August 2023, Bishop
Keith Dalby ordained three women and one man to the priesthood.

Of the 23 Anglican dioceses in Australia, only two have never ordained women to the priesthood: the Diocese of Sydney and
the Diocese of North West Australia. The Diocese of Armidale does not generally ordain women to the priesthood but two
women were ordained priest for the Anglican girls school.[54]

Same-sex unions and LGBT clergy

In the Seventeenth Session of the General Synod of the Anglican Church of Australia in 2017, the Anglican Church passed a
motion recognising "that the doctrine of our church, in line with traditional Christian teaching, is that marriage is an exclusive
and lifelong union of a man and a woman, and further, recognises that this has been the subject of several General Synod
resolutions over the past fifteen years".[55] In 2018, the then-Primate of Australia and Archbishop of Melbourne, Philip Freier,
released an ad clerum reiterating the current position that clergy cannot perform a same-sex marriage.[56] In 2020, the church's
highest court, the Appellate Tribunal, ruled that a diocese may authorise the blessing of persons in same-sex unions.[57][58][59] At
the same time, the church does not have an official stance on homosexuality itself.[60]

During a meeting, the House of Bishops stated that they "accept the weight of 1998 Lambeth Resolution 1.10 and the 2004
General Synod resolutions 33, 59 and 61–64 as expressing the mind of this church on issues of human sexuality ... and
understand that issues of sexuality are subject to ongoing conversation". A former primate, Peter Carnley, supported the blessing
of same-sex relationships and supported "recognition of lifelong friendships between two homosexuals which would give them
the same legal status as a heterosexual married couple".[61][62] A spokesman for Phillip Aspinall, the Archbishop of Brisbane,
stated that "In effect it is an undertaking not to ordain, license, authorise or appoint persons whom the bishop knows to be in a
sexual relationship outside of marriage." [63] At the same time, Archbishop Aspinall stated that he personally does not take an
official position.[64] Despite what the spokesman said, however, an Anglican priest came out as gay in 2005 in Melbourne.[65] In
the Diocese of Perth, "there are gay and lesbian clergy serving in the priesthood." [66] Archbishop Roger Herft, as a diocesan
bishop, "support[ed] blessing gay unions".[67] In 2012, a bishop "appoint[ed] a gay priest in a same-sex partnership to a
Gippsland parish." [68] The Anglican Diocese of Sydney, the largest of the country, has expressed its opposition to same-sex
unions and has been involved in the Anglican realignment as a member of the Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans.[69]

However, many clergy and bishops support same-sex unions. The Wangaratta and Ballarat dioceses have voted to support the
blessing of same-sex civil unions.[70][71] The Dioceses of Wangaratta and Newcastle have approved of blessing rites for same-
sex marriages.[72][73] Blessings for same-sex unions are also permitted in the Diocese of Brisbane.[74] In 2012, the Diocese of
Gippsland appointed an openly partnered gay priest.[75][76] In 2013, the Diocese of Perth voted in favour of recognising same-
sex unions.[77] Archbishop Roger Herft vetoed the Perth motion.[78] In 2015, the Bishop of Wangaratta endorsed same-sex
marriage legislation and some diocesan clergy offered to perform gay marriages when allowed to do so.[79][80] In the Diocese of
Grafton, former bishop Sarah Macneil took an affirming stance.[81] Bishop Greg Thompson of the Diocese of Newcastle had
taken a stance in favour of gay rights.[82]

In 2015, an arm of the Anglican Church in Southern Queensland voted in favour of same-sex civil unions.[83][84] Also, Bishop
Kay Goldsworthy appointed an openly gay and partnered priest to another post.[85] In response, the Sydney synod passed a
resolution criticising the actions of the Dioceses of Gippsland and Wangaratta, and declaring a break of "of collegiality and
fellowship" with the dioceses.[86] In 2016, the Bishop of Ballarat declared his support for same-sex marriage.[87] In April 2016,
a parish in the Diocese of Perth blessed the union of a same-sex couple.[88] At General Synod in 2017, the synod passed a
resolution criticising the Scottish Episcopal Church for its acceptance of same-sex marriage as well as an additional resolution
calling for the church in Australia "to have a series of conversations on its understanding of sexuality."[89] Also in 2017, the
Diocese of Perth in Western Australia elected Bishop Kay Goldsworthy as its archbishop. Goldsworthy said that she supports an
"inclusive" approach to same-sex marriage.[90] "Archbishop Goldsworthy revealed that she had voted Yes in the same-sex
marriage survey."[52] In 2022, Goldsworthy ordained an openly gay man in a civil partnership in Perth.[91]

Regarding transgender issues, there are dioceses and congregations with serving transgender clergy. In 2017, Archbishop Phillip
Aspinall asked for "prayerful support" for the Revd Josephine Inkpin who had transitioned and come out as a transgender
woman.[92] "The Archbishop of Brisbane Dr Phillip Aspinall supported Dr Inkpin and passed on her statement to clergy in July
2017, along with his wish that 'unhelpful speculation' might be avoided."[93] Inkpin continues to serve in the Brisbane
diocese.[94] She shared that the bishops and leaders of the Diocese of Brisbane "have assisted in arrangements for enabling [her]
public recognition of gender." Inkpin, who is married to the Revd Penny Jones, one of the first female priests ordained in
Australia, is the first openly transgender priest in Australia.[95] The State Library of Queensland interviewed Inkpin and her wife
about the intersection of gender, faith, religion and identity for their "Dangerous Women" podcast.[96]

Controversy over LGBT issues caused a split from the Church in 2022: former Bishop of Sydney Glenn Davies, alongside two
congregations, left the Anglican Church of Australia to form the newly-formed Diocese of the Southern Cross, which is affiliated
to the conservative Global Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans (GAFCON).[97][98] The split was endorsed by the Anglican
Bishop of Tasmania Richard Condie, but was described as "dangerous for the Church" by the Archbishop of Canterbury Justin
Welby.[99][100]

Provinces and dioceses

The whole church is led by the primate, Geoffrey Smith, Archbishop of Adelaide. The
provinces and dioceses are listed with each diocese's bishop or archbishop:

Province of South Australia (Metropolitan: Geoffrey Smith, Archbishop of

Adelaide)
Adelaide (Archbishop: Geoffrey Smith)
The Murray (Keith Dalby)
Willochra (Jeremy James)
Province of New South Wales (Metropolitan: Kanishka Raffel, Archbishop
of Sydney)
St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne seen
Armidale (Rod Chiswell) from Flinders Street station
Bathurst (Mark Calder)
Canberra and Goulburn (Mark Short)
Grafton (Murray Harvey)
Newcastle (Peter Stuart)
Riverina (Donald Kirk)
Sydney (Archbishop: Kanishka Raffel)
Province of Victoria (Metropolitan: Philip Freier, Archbishop of Melbourne)
Ballarat (Garry Weatherill)
Bendigo (Matthew Brain)
Gippsland (Richard Treloar)
Melbourne (Archbishop: Philip Freier)
Wangaratta (Clarence Bester)
Province of Queensland (Metropolitan: currently vacant (Archbishop of Brisbane)
Brisbane (Archbishop: currently vacant))
North Queensland (Keith Joseph)
Northern Territory (Greg Anderson)
Rockhampton (Peter Grice)
Province of Western Australia (Metropolitan: Kay Goldsworthy, Archbishop of Perth)
Bunbury (Ian Coutts)
North West Australia (Darrell Parker)
Perth (Archbishop: Kay Goldsworthy)
Extraprovincial diocese
Tasmania (Richard Condie)

Map of dioceses

KEY to province New South Western South

colours Wales Victoria Queensland Australia Australia Extraprovincial
 †

Northern Territory †
North Queensland

Rockhampton †
North West Australia

BRISBANE
‡
† †
Willochra Armidale Grafton
†
PERTH Bathurst
‡ Newcastle
Riverina
†
† Bunbury † † SYDNEY
‡
ADELAIDE
† † † ‡&
Canberra
Bendigo
The Murray Goulburn

Ballarat† † Wangaratta
† ‡
† Gippsland
MELBOURNE

Tasmania
†

A number of former dioceses have been merged into the current diocese or have formed other Anglican churches:

Carpentaria (formerly part of the Province of Queensland, 1900–1996, and now part of the Diocese of North
Queensland)
Kalgoorlie (formerly part of the Province of Western Australia, 1914–1973, and now part of the Diocese of
Perth)
New Guinea (formerly part of the Province of Queensland, 1898–1976, and now the Anglican Church of Papua
New Guinea)
St Arnaud (formerly part of the Province of Victoria, 1926–1976, and now part of the Diocese of Bendigo)

Ecumenical relations
The church is a member of the Christian Conference of Asia.

Relation with the Anglican realignment

The Anglican Diocese of Sydney has been a leading name in the Anglican realignment, since they first opposed the sexuality
policies of the Episcopal Church of the United States and the Anglican Church of Canada. Archbishop Peter Jensen attended the
first Global Anglican Future Conference, in June 2008, in Jerusalem, and was the chairman of GAFCON. The Anglican
Diocese of Sydney and the Anglican Diocese of North West Australia have declared themselves in full communion with the
Anglican Church in North America, started in June 2009, which represents Anglican realignment in United States and
Canada.[101][102]
The Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans was launched in Australia on 26 March 2015, in a conference held in Melbourne that
reunited 460 members, including 40 from New Zealand, and was attended by Archbishop Eliud Wabukala, from the Anglican
Church of Kenya, their international chairman, Archbishop Stanley Ntagali, from the Anglican Church of Uganda, and
Archbishop Glenn Davies, from the Anglican Diocese of Sydney. The then archdeacon of the Anglican Diocese of Melbourne,
now bishop Richard Condie, of the Anglican Diocese of Tasmania, became chairman of FCA Australia.[103]

The Anglican Church of Australia passed a motion at their General Synod on 7 September 2017, condemning the Scottish
Episcopal Church decision to approve same-sex marriage as "contrary to the doctrine of our church and the teaching of Christ",
and declaring itself in "impaired communion" with the province. It also expressed "support for those Anglicans who have left or
will need to leave (...) because of its redefinition of marriage and those who struggle and remain", and presented their prayers for
the return of SEC "to the doctrine of Christ in this matter" and the restoration of the impaired communion.

The Anglican Church of Australia was represented at GAFCON III, held in Jerusalem on 17–22 June 2018, by a 218 members
delegation, which included Archbishop Glenn Davies of Sydney and bishops Richard Condie of Tasmania, Gary Nelson of
North West Australia and Ian Palmer of Bathurst.[104][105]

In 2022 the Diocese of the Southern Cross, established as a company, became the first Anglican diocese in Australia to form
outside the Anglican Church of Australia.[106][8]

See also
Christianity portal

Australia portal

Christianity in Australia
Anglican Communion sexual abuse cases
List of the first women ordained as priests in the Anglican Church of Australia in 1992

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ustralia-and-is-welcomed-by-the-archbishop-of-sydney). Church Times. Retrieved 16 August 2022.

Further reading
Blombery, Tricia (1996). The Anglicans in Australia. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
ISBN 978-0-644-45913-6.
Breward, Ian. A History of the Australian Churches.
Bunting, Ian, ed. (1996). Celebrating the Anglican Way. London: Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 978-0-340-64268-
9.
Davis, John (1993). Australian Anglicans and their Constitution. Canberra: Acorn Press. ISBN 978-0-908284-
14-6.
Elkin, A. P. (1955). The Diocese of Newcastle: A History.
Harris, John. One Blood: 200 Years of Aboriginal Encounter with Christianity.
Hilliard, David (1986). Godliness and Good Order: A History of the Anglican Church in South Australia. Netley,
South Australia: Wakefield Press. ISBN 978-0-949268-45-7.
Judd, Stephen; Cable, Kenneth J. Sydney Anglicans: A History of the Diocese. Sydney: Anglican Information
Office.
Kaye, Bruce Norman (1995). A Church Without Walls: Being Anglican in Australia. North Blackburn, Victoria:
Dove. ISBN 978-1-86371-557-7.
Porter, Brian, ed. (1997). Melbourne Anglican: The Diocese of Melbourne, 1847–1997. Melbourne: Mitre Books.
ISBN 978-1-86407-181-8.
 Porter, Muriel (1989). Women in the Church: The Great Ordination Debate in Australia. Ringwood, Victoria:
Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-013041-6.
— (2006). The New Puritans: The Rise of Fundamentalism in the Anglican Church. Carlton, Victoria:
Melbourne University Publishing. ISBN 978-0-522-85184-7.

External links
Official website (http://www.anglican.org.au)
Anglican Communion: Anglican Church of Australia (http://www.anglicancommunion.org/tour/province.cfm?ID=
A2&view=prov)

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