Keeon Keisler A.

Lucas

1. Chinese music periods:

Formative Period (3000BC-400AD)

International Period (400-900 AD)

National Period (900-1900 AD)

World Music Period (1900-AD)

2. Traditional Chinese music is primarily based on the pentatonic scale.

3. Confucius' classification of music:

Ya: Virtuous and pure music, valued in the court and considered sophisticated.

Su: Folk music of the common people, considered more vulgar and less refined compared to court
music.

4. Chinese opera has about three hundred regional variants.

5. Roles in Beijing opera:

Sheng: Male role

Dan: Female role

Jing: Character with the painted face

Chou: The clown role

6. The accompanying instruments include pipa, fiddles, wind instruments (flutes and suonas), drums,
cymbals, and clappers.

7. In ancient China, sorcerer-priests played an important social and religious role, using music
(dancing and singing) for rain, defense from enemies, and religious ceremonies, contributing to the
early development of Chinese music.

8. Early slave musicians used instruments like clay ocarinas, whistles, bamboo flutes, stone chimes,
and drums.

9. The development was influenced by Emperor Huang Ti's court musician Ling Lun, who was
inspired by the songs of birds and created the pentatonic scale.

10. Western technology, forms, and musical styles started to significantly influence Chinese music
from around the twentieth century. Although European music had arrived earlier with Jesuit
missionaries in the 1600s, its widespread influence and adoption of Western instrumentation scales
and sounds became more popular in the 20th century.