b) All states in the USA would make it harder for women to perform abortions.

c) Women in conservative states might have to travel distances to perform abortions legally.
d) Illegal abortions would be dealt with strictly in states where abortion is illegal.

Q 25. 30615302 Aristotle's view of abortions can be best summed up as

a) Extreme b) Conservative c) Qualified d) Uneducated

Current Affairs Including General Knowledge

Passage – 1

The Nobel Peace Prize 2023 has been awarded to Iranian activist [1] for her fight against the oppression of women
in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all, the Swedish Academy in Stockholm announced.

In an official statement, the academy said, "Her brave struggle has come with tremendous personal costs.
Altogether, the regime has arrested her 13 times, convicted her five times, and sentenced her to a total of 31 years
in prison and 154 lashes. [1] is still in prison as I speak." "The award to [1] follows a long tradition in which the
Norwegian Nobel Committee has awarded the Peace Prize to those working to advance social justice, human
rights, and democracy," it added.

According to the academy, the Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries and have for
many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. "They have made an
outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power…Together they
demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy," it said.
Q 26. 30615302 The Nobel Peace Prize 2023 has been awarded to Iranian activist [1] for her fight against the
oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all. What is the name of the
recipient redacted with [1] in the passage above?

a) Ann Salem b) Cheche Lazaro c) Sergei Aman d) Narges Mohammadi

Q 27. 30615302 Who were the first winners of the Nobel Prize for Peace?

a) Jean Henry Dunant and Frederic Passy b) Charles Albert Gobat and William Randal Cremer
c) Louis Renault and Fredrik Bajer d) Theodore Roosevelt and Ernesto Teodoro Moneta

Q 28. 30615302 Which of the following was the first organization to win the Nobel Prize for Peace?

a) Institute of International Law b) Permanent International Peace Bureau

c) International Committee of the Red Cross d) International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons

Q 29. 30615302 In 2014, Kailash Satyarthi was the co-recipient of the Nobel Prize for Peace, along with
______________, "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all
children to education."

a) Nadia Murad b) Malala Yousafzai c) Juan Manuel Santos d) Denis Mukwege

Q 30. 30615302 How many times did Mahatma Gandhi nominate for Nobel Prize for Peace?

a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5

Q 31. 30615302 In which city is the Nobel Peace Prize awarded annually?

a) Stockholm, Sweden b) Oslo, Norway c) Geneva, Switzerland d) Copenhagen, Denmark

Passage – 2

The Geographical Indications Registry in Chennai has given tags to seven different products from Uttar Pradesh.
'Amroha Dholak', 'Mahoba Gaura Patthar Hastashlip', 'Mainpuri Tarkashi', 'Sambhal Horn Craft', 'Baghpat Home
Furnishings', 'Barabanki Handloom Product' and 'Kalpi Handmade Paper' are the products that been given the
Geographical Indication (GI) tag.

The Amroha Dholak is a musical instrument made of natural wood. Mango, jackfruit and teakwood is preferred for
making the dholak's. Wood from mango and sheesham trees are used to carve the multiple sized and shaped
hollow blocks, which are later fitted with animal skin, mostly goatskin, to create the instrument. It is learnt that there
are around 300 small units producing wood-based drum instruments (dholak), which provide employment to over
1,000 artisans. The application for the Amroha Dholak was filed by Artisans Welfare Society, Mohalla -
Danishmandan, Amroha, Uttar Pradesh. A Geographical Indication is a label that is applied to products that have a
specific geographical origin and that have characteristics related to a particular location.
Q 32. 30615302 What is a Geographical Indication (GI) in the context of intellectual property?

a) A brand name for a product b) A patent for a new invention

c) d) A trademark for a company
A name or sign identifying a product's geographic origin

Q 33. 30615302 Recently, Yak Churpi, Khamti rice and Tangsa textile have been granted the prestigious
Geographical Indication (GI) tag by the GI Registry. These products are from which of the following states?

a) Andhra Pradesh b) Arunachal Pradesh c) Madhya Pradesh d) Maharashtra

Q 34. 30615302 Recently, Basohli Pashmina, a more than 100-year-old traditional craft from___________, has
received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag.

a) Jammu and Kashmir b) Goa c) Sikkim d) Manipur

Q 35. 30615302 How does obtaining a GI tag benefit the local economy and producers of products like Bhaderwah
Rajma and Ramban Sulai Honey?

a) It restricts exports, ensuring local availability and reducing competition.

b) It increases production costs, thereby boosting local incomes.
c) It allows unauthorized use of the GI, promoting the products globally.
d) It boosts exports and promotes the local brands internationally.

Q 36. 30615302 What is the key feature of Salem Sago, which recently received a Geographical Indication (GI)
tag?

a) It is made from rice flour, which is locally abundant in Salem.

b) It is derived from tapioca roots and has high starch content.

c) It is a type of traditional Indian dessert known for its sweetness.

d) It is made exclusively by a particular community in Salem.

Q 37. 30615302 What is the significance of 'Koraput Kalajeera Rice' receiving the Geographical Indications (GI)
status?

a) It allows unrestricted production of the rice variety in any region.

b) It recognizes the unique quality and geographical origin of the rice.
c) It grants exclusive rights to a specific community to grow the rice.
d) It promotes the export of the rice to international markets.

Passage – 3

India adds 11 more wetlands to the list of Ramsar sites to make total 75 Ramsar sites covering an area of 13,26,677
ha in the country in the 75th year of Independence. The 11 new sites include: Four (4) sites in Tamil Nadu, Three (3)
in Odisha, Two (2) in Jammu & Kashmir and One (1) each in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. Designation of
these sites would help in conservation and management of wetlands and wise use of their resources.

India is one of the Contracting Parties to Ramsar Convention, signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971. India signed it on 1st
Feb 1982. During 1982 to 2013, a total of 26 sites were added to the list of Ramsar sites, however, during 2014 to
2022, the country has added 49 new wetlands to the list of Ramsar sites. During this year itself (2022) a total of 28
sites have been declared as Ramsar sites. Based on the date of designation mentioned on Ramsar Certificate, the
number is 19 for this year (2022) and 14 for previous year (2021). Tamil Nadu has maximum no. of Ramsar sites (14
nos), followed by UP which has 10 nos. of Ramsar sites.
Q 38. 30615302 What is the primary objective of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands?

a) Promoting industrial development in wetland areas. b) Conserving and wisely using wetlands.
c) d)
Designating wetlands as exclusive tourist destinations. Encouraging wetland drainage for agricultural
expansion.

Q 39. 30615302 How is a site designated as a Ramsar Site under the Ramsar Convention?

a) By governmental proclamation only. b) Through a community petition.

c) By meeting specific ecological criteria. d) By conducting a public referendum.
Q 40. 30615302 Which of the following states is home to the newly designated Ramsar Site "Suchindram Theroor
Wetland Complex"?

a) Odisha b) Madhya Pradesh c) Tamil Nadu d) Maharashtra

Q 41. 30615302 Which of the following states is home to the newly designated Ramsar Site "Yashwant Sagar"?

a) Andhra Pradesh b) Kerala c) Himachal Pradesh d) Madhya Pradesh

Q 42. 30615302 Chilika Lake in Odisha and Keoladeo National Park in __________were recognised as the first
Ramsar sites in India.

a) Rajasthan b) Tamil Nadu c) Maharashtra d) Uttar Pradesh

Q 43. 30615302 What is the significance of World Wetlands Day observed on 2nd February?

a) To celebrate the signing of the Kyoto Protocol b) To promote international trade in wetland products
c) d) To honor water conservation efforts worldwide
To commemorate the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

Passage – 4

The International Monetary Fund is lending Sri Lanka $3bn (£2.4bn) to help it deal with its worst economic crisis in
its history as an independent nation. Soaring prices, shortages of essential goods and crippling international debts
sparked nationwide protests last year which caused the president to flee the country.

In early 2022, Sri Lankans started experiencing power cuts and shortages of basics such as fuel. The rate of
inflation rose to 50% a year. As a result, protests broke out in the capital Colombo in April that year and spread
across the country.

The country ran short of fuel for essential services such as buses, trains and medical vehicles because it did not
have enough reserves of foreign currency to import any more. The fuel shortage caused petrol and diesel prices to
rise dramatically.

In June last year, the government banned the sale of petrol and diesel for non-essential vehicles for two weeks.
Sales of fuel remain severely restricted. Schools had to close, and people were asked to work from home to help
conserve supplies.
Q 44. 30615302 What was the primary reason for Sri Lanka's economic crisis?

a) Failure to attract tourists due to the Covid pandemic

b) Impact of deadly bomb attacks in 2019

c) Economic policies, including low export income and high imports
d) Introduction of income taxes for higher earners

Q 45. 30615302 How did Sri Lanka attempt to address its foreign currency shortage in early 2021?
a) Banning imports of electronics and luxury goods b) Promoting exports of traditional crafts and textiles

c) Implementing tax cuts for foreign investors d) Banning imports of chemical fertilizers

Q 46. 30615302 How is Sri Lanka planning to tackle its financial crisis?

a) By borrowing from international lenders and restructuring its debt

b) By imposing higher taxes on lower-income earners
c) By reducing government spending on essential services

d) By increasing subsidies for state-owned enterprises

Q 47. 30615302 What was one of the major contributors to the Balance of Payment Crisis in India in 1991?

a) High current account surplus b) Low fiscal deficit

c) A rise in crude oil prices due to the Gulf War d) Abundant Forex reserves

Q 48. 30615302 What was the status of India's Forex reserves by June 1991 during the Balance of Payment Crisis
in 1991?

a) More than $10 billion b) Approximately $5 billion c) Less than $1 billion d) Over $50 billion

Q 49. 30615302 What is the currency of Sri Lanka?

a) Sri Lankan Rupee b) Sri Lankan Dollar c) Sri Lankan Reel d) Sri Lankan Ruble

Passage – 5

Five sports, including cricket and squash, were included in the [1] after gaining the approval of the International
Olympic Committee. Cricket makes its return to the Olympics after more than 100 years after the sport was
approved for inclusion at the [1] by the International Olympic Committee's executive board.

IOC president Thomas Bach, speaking after the second day of an executive board meeting in Mumbai on October
13, said officials had accepted a proposal by [1] organisers for Twenty20 cricket to be included as one of five new
sports together with baseball/softball, flag football (non-contact American football), squash and lacrosse.

But the final choice of which sports are on the 2028 programme was voted today at the IOC session in Mumbai.
Each host city, under IOC rules, can request the inclusion of several sports for their edition of the Games. The [1]
Games proposal is for a six-team Twenty20 cricket tournament for men and women. T20 is a short format of the
game.

The IOC hopes cricket's inclusion will activate and engage a large, new Olympic audience, especially among Asian
fans of the sport. Cricket has been played in the Olympics only once before, in Paris in [2], when England defeated
France.
Q 50. 30615302 Which of the following has been redacted with [1] in the passage above?
a) b) c) 2028 London Games d) 2028 Beijing Games
2024 Los Angeles Games 2028 Los Angeles Games

Q 51. 30615302 Which of the following years has been redacted with [2] in the passage above?

a) 1896 b) 1900 c) 1904 d) 1908

Q 52. 30615302 The modern Olympic Games were revived by Baron Pierre de Coubertin. In which year was the
first modern Olympics held?

a) 1900 b) 1896 c) 1912 d) 1924

Q 53. 30615302 How many medals did India win at the 2020 Summer Olympics also known as Tokyo Olympics
2020?

a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 10

Q 54. 30615302 In which ancient Greek city was the first ancient Olympic Games held?

a) Athens b) Olympia c) Sparta d) Delphi

Q 55. 30615302 Which of the following countries has won the most overall medals in the history of the Summer
Olympics?

a) United States b) China c) Russia d) Japan

Legal Reasoning
Directions for questions 56 to 85: You have been given some passages followed by questions based on each
passage. You are required to choose the most appropriate option which follows from the passage. Only the
information given in the passage should be used for choosing the answer and no external knowledge of law
howsoever prominent is to be applied.

Passage – 1

Article 12 of the Indian Constitution defines 'state'. Under the provisions of the said article, state includes the
Government of India and Parliament of India, Government of each state, local authorities - within the territory of
India or under the control of Government of India and other authorities. This provision has often been disputed as
Fundamental Rights are enforceable against state only. The most disputed amongst these is the term 'other
authorities' as it is not clearly defined in the Constitution. Indian courts have given varying decisions over it. In the
case of Ajay Hasia v. Khalid Mujib, the Supreme Court laid certain principles to judge if an authority falls under
provision of Article 12. An authority is construed state if the entire shares capital is owned or managed by the
government, if it enjoys monopoly status, if the department of government is transferred to a corporation, if the
functioning character is essentially governmental or of public importance, if there is deep and pervasive government