CONFIDENTIAL, ECIMAR 2016/ECS338 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI! MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE : STRUCTURAL CONCRETE AND STEEL DESIGN COURSE CODE ECS338 EXAMINATION : MARCH 2016 TIME 3 HOURS: INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1 This question paper consists of six (8) questions. 2 ‘Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 3 Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigitator. 4 Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of i) the Question Paper ii) an Answer Booklet — provided by the Faculty ii) an five — page Appendix 1 5 ‘Answer ALL questions in English. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of 6 printed pages © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 2 ECIMAR 2016/ECS338 QUESTION 1 a) Cracking of beam should be avoided in beam design to protect steel from corrosion. Discuss two types of crack that could occur when beam is loaded. (5 marks) b) When load is applied to a structure, it causes stresses and strains in the structure. With the aid of diagram, explain the stress-strain relationship of reinforced concrete structure. (5 marks) QUESTION 2 ‘An existing 6 m long 300 mm x 600 mm (b x h) simply supported beam was designed to resist unfactored permanent action (excluding selfweight) and imposed action of 11.56 kNim and 5 kN/m respectively. The beam is provided with 4H20 main reinforcement and H10-300 shear reinforcement. The design data are: Concrete grade + €25/30 Characteristic strength of steel, fx 500 Nimm? Concrete density 25 KN/m?> Nominal cover, Crom 230mm a) The existing beam will resist an extra point action at center of the beam caused by newly added beam. Evaluate the maximum point action that can be applied if the beam can cater for additional 30 % of original moment. Check the adequacy of the existing main reinforcement due to the additional action. (15 marks) b) Check the existing shear reinforcement of the designed beam if the new maximum shear force is 140 KN. (10 marks) ©) If area of reinforcement, As provided is reduced by 25 %, verify the limiting span over depth ratio. (Smarks) QUESTION 3 Figure Q3 shows first floor layout of a house. The slab is subjected to an unfactored permanent action of 3 kN/m? (excluding selfweight) and factored variable action of 4.5 kNim?. Given that the slab thickness is 180 mm and the nominal cover is 25 mm. The characteristic strength of concrete and steel is 25 Nimm? and 500 Nimm?, respectively. Assume: Main reinforcement diameter Concrete density a) Determine the ultimate design action at Master bedroom and design the main reinforcement for positive and negative moment of the slab. (15 marks) (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL, 3 ECIMAR 2016/ECS338 b) If the designer chooses to use H10-125 mm reinforcement for both directions at the master bedroom area, determine the adequacy of reinforcement against shear and carry out crack check. (5 marks) MASTER BEDROOM tower “el BEDROOM 3 BEDROOM BALCONY 2600 2500 1700 2000 (All units in mm) Figure Q3 © Hak Cipta Universit Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 4 ECIMAR 2016/ECS338 QUESTION 4 a) Two basic principles used in structure design are ‘Limit State Design’ and ‘Plastic Design’. Briefly explain each of them. (5 marks) b) A356 x 127 x 39 UKB grade $275 are supported by two columns which provide a clear span of 6.0 m. 200 mm bearings are placed between the members as shown in Figure Q4. Determine whether the beam can sustain the 15 kN/m design action against web buckling, (10 marks) w= 15 kNim 356 x 127 x 39 UKB es. ae Bearing —” a 60m Figure Q4 © Hak Cipta Universit Teknologl MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL, 5 ECIMAR 2016/ECS338 QUESTION 5 A steel beam is supported by two steel columns with size of 305 x 305 x 137 UKC Grade 275 as shown in Figure QS. Both columns are 5.0 m in height and pinned connected to the beam. Determine the maximum distributed action, w that resulted in the column failure in the major axis. (10 marks) w [305 x 305 137 UKC $275 ———} 5m + > 10m Figure Q5 (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 6 ECIMAR 2016/ECS338 QUESTION 6 Figure Q6 shows 6 mm double shear connections that are pulled by F load. Six 16 mm diameter class 4.6 bolts are provided for the connection where the shear plane passes through the unthreaded portion of the bolts. a) Propose the maximum load, F that can be achieved to fulfil the criteria of shear and bearing resistance requirement. (10 marks) b) Determine the tensile resistance of the plate connection. (5 marks) Universal Beam 20 mmi 30 mm? 30mm ! 20mm Figure Q6 END OF QUESTION PAPER © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL, RECTANGULAR SECTIONS =~ = 0.167 ~ bd hex ~ TKS Kea, AS OST ha ‘SHEAR REINFORCEMENT DESIGN Shear resistance of the concrete, Va. 12k (100 pifex) by Vedic Vin = [0.035k3/? fey"? ] by APPENDIX 4 (1) ECIMAR 2016/ECS338 MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM AREA OF REINFORCEMENT (1) The area of longitudinal _ tension reinforcement should not be taken as less than As min Seem Asmin = 0,26 bed Toe but not less than 0,0013b.4 (2) The cross-sectional area of tension or ‘compression reinforcement should not exceed Asmax = 0,04A.. Maximum shear resistance, Vrsmax 0.36 byd iG 2) fox (cot + tané) Vedmax = Shear reinforcement Asw Vea kait me $2.0 inmm “s ~ 078f,,d coté Minimum shear reinforcement p= # $0.02 Asw _ 0.08 bw Vex BS 5 Se DEFLECTION CONTROL B Re grk[nsis Faxke + 3:2[Fae (2-1) | if p< po (7.16) Po isthe reference reinforcement ratio = 10° Vfex is the required tension reinforcement ratio at mid-span to resist the moment due to the design loads (at support for cantilevers) K is 1.0 ‘Where other stress levels are used, the values obtained using Expression (7.16) should be multiplied by 310/ os, It will normally be conservative to assume that: 310 / 04 = 500 Mx Asses! Asproe) MAXIMUM SLAB SPACING The value of Smaxsass for use in a Country may be found in its National Annex. The recommended value is: - for the principal reinforcement, 3h < 400 mm, where his the total depth of the slab; = for the secondary reinforcement, 3,5h < 450 mm . In areas with concentrated loads or areas of maximum moment those provisions become respectively: for the principal reinforcement, 2h s 250 mm - for the secondary reinforcement, 3h < 400 mm. (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 1(2) ECIMAR 2016/ECS338 ‘TWO WAY RESTRAINED SLAB (MOMENTS) Meg = Bextly? My = Beynly? ‘Table 3.14 - Bending moment coefficients for rectangular panels supported on four sides with provision for torsion at comers ‘Type of panel and | ‘Short span coefficients, fsx Tong ‘moments consi ‘span Values of iyi een | fora” ral 70a | est ap (p29 | ta | 7) 0c yx ree edges discontinuous (one long edge continuous) legative moment at (0.057 | 0.065] 0.071| 0.076| 0.081] 0.084) 0.092 0.098 ntinuous edge sitive moment at mid-span |0.043 | 0.048| 0.053| 0.057| 0.060| 0.063| 0.069| 0.074) 0.044 ‘TWO WAY RESTRAINED SLAB (SHEAR) Vox = Boxtly Voy = Byynl ‘Table 3.15 - Shear force coefficients for rectangular panels supported on four sides with “provision for torsion at comers Type of panel and Bvx By moments considered Value of yx 10 [| t4] 12] 13] 14] 15] 475] 20 [Three edges discontinuous jone long edge continuous) legative moment at 045 | 048] 051 | 053] 055| 067} 0.60) 063 tinuous edge Positive moment at mid-span | 93 | 0.92] 024| 035| 026 | 037| 039 | 041| 029 TABLE OF REINFORCEMENTS Sect Areas of Group of Bars (mm Bar Number of Bars Size T (mm) | 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 | 785 | 157 | 236 | 314 | 303 | 471 | 550 | 628 | 707 | 785 12 | 113 | 226 | 339 | 452 | 566 | 679 | 792 | 905 | 1020 | 1130 16 | 201 | 402 | 603 | 804 | 1010 | 1210 | 1410 | 1610 | 1810 | 2010 (20 "[314 | 628 | 943 | 1260 | 1570 | 1890 | 2200 | 2510 | 2830 | 3140 Sectional Areas Per meter Width for Various Bar Spacing (mm?/m| Bar ‘Spacing of Bars Size (mm) | 5° 75 | 100 | 125 | 150 | 175 | 200 | 260 | 300 10_| 1570 | 1050 | 785 | 628 | 523 | 449 | 303 | 314 | 262 12 | 2260 | 1510 | 1130 | 905 | 754 | 646 | 566 | 452 | 377 (© HakciptaUniversitiTeknologl MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL, APPENDIX 1(3) ECIMAR 2015/ECS338 UNIVERSAL BEAMS Secion | Wass | Devin | Width | Thickness] Root ] Desh | Raster | — Omensons for —] Suace Ara} Designation | per | ot | of Radius | between | Local Bucking| Detling Mae | secton| Secton| Web | Finge] atts [Flange] Web | End | Noch | Per | Per ciearance| ete | Tonne i fade | eee cena | ekcae | accdalKecey ere tC | rem cn tom | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm mm _| mm] mm} m? | n? wrt [sar [asap iaso es | ior | woz | aie] ae] 7] S| 70] 2] te] wT ssoxtzraa__| 331 | a4o0 | 1254] 60 | as | 102 | sins | sar|sio| 5 _| 70 | 20 | s17| 254 ‘Secion | Second Moment] —Radus | Glasie] Fasc Bucking Torsional] Warping | Torsional | Area Designation otvea | of Moduius_| Modus |Parameter] index | constant] Constant | of This | Aas | tis | Anis | Res | ase | Anis | Ane Section] vy | zz | vy | zz | vw | ze | yy | oe u fx] u]u fa emt | emt | om | cm | em? | om’ | cm? | em? ant | emt | em? OTITIS | T0a0 | SSE | Tas | Dee] oe] SE] CGO] OOO] ONT | 36a] ots | sx | wee ssexiz7ea3 | e250 | 200 | 140 | 258 | 473 | 447 | ss | 702] 0902 | 421 | coi | 979 | a2 UNIVERSAL COLUMNS ‘Secton | Mass | Depin | wath | Thickness | Root | Depth | Ratontor | Olmensions or | Surace Area Designation | per | ot | or dus | vetween| Local Bueking| __oetating ‘Mate | section] secton| Web [Fianse| ratets [Fange] wee | ena | Noten | Per | Per cresrance| ove | Toon] Oye eet Ron ten etc cc [foc | ez CCIE gm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | om rmn_| om | rm | om? | woomonans 22s] 3655] sz22 [ace] ar] tz | aas7 | aoa] an] te [ise] eo [ra] cae sosicosiae0 | 240.0] 3525 | a194 | 230] 377] iz | 2067 | 351 | 107] 14 | 58] se | 191 | 796 sosaoscten | r981| a300 | a1 | 191] ara] isz | 2057 | 422] s2o| 12 | is0| as | ter | ons sosraoseiee | r68.1| 327-1] a1] 158] 250] 162 | 257 | sa] 156] 10 | ise] a2 | res] re sosaasuis7 | 1269 | 3208 | 3002] ras] 2.7 | 152 | mer | esr | 1790] 9 | 150] 2@ | 122 | 139 sosaasnie | 1179] 3148 | sora | rz0] 137 | 152 | 267 | 709| 206| © | 150] a4 | 21 | 154 sosaosis7 | v6 | sors | 3053] o0 | isa] 152 | oer | eco ao] 7 | se] a2 | 170| 105 Secon | Second Moment asic] Plante] Bucking [ersional] werping | Torsional] Arve Destgnation otras moduue | aodutus_}Parameter] index |constan| constent| ot mee | Ane ro secon vy | ae vy [sosrmsaes [reso 200} ac 305051240 | 64200 | 20300 3840 503 | 1270 | 306 sososxi98 46300 3000 sas | ru | 252 sossaosei8e 12600 2370 zer | ave | 201 30810084137 10700 2080 | 622 | 2300 | s080 | oss 20 | mo | 74 sosaosei i ‘960 ‘760 | 889 | 1960 | 296 | 0.880 sae | ier | 180 3053205197 rato | 134 | 759 | 1480 | 70 | 1800] 72s | sso sse | sv2 | sz Design values of material coefficients Modulus of elasticity, E = 210,000 N/mm? $275 : f, = 275 Nimm? ; f, = 430 Nimm? ; 0.92 Partial factors yx, should be applied to the various characteristic values of resistance in this section as follows: ‘Yo = 1.00 sy = 1.00; Ye = 25 (© HakCiptaUniversitiTeknologl MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL, APPENDIX 1 (4) ECIMAR 2016/ECS338 cae — Pane e> ‘bending + ceontetin| (of 8 pony |g : Ba-T 1 ensne e/s33e when as 0,5: 0/1 s 382 Outstand flange ce. ft t t g LL, . Rolled sections Welded sections “atjoae ca Far aes to ending and sompresion Ch _| Pet bert i compreton |-——T coneresar Tina ison = ce _e distbaton inpars (compression pose) 1 c/ts9 Web Buckling For unstiffened or stiffened webs the design resistance to local buckling under transverse forces be taken as pans a aay 1, =, +t, (4 +m? 7 Lg = Zl, eth Laat, f= Bn (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologl MARA CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL, APPENDIX 4 (5) m-o0 } Phy >05 ty Site COLUMN ECIMAR 2016/ECS338 =0 if Ay <0.5 The design resistance of the cross-section for uniform compression N should be determined as follows: Nera = Afy! ¥ mo Buckling resistance of members for class 1, 2 or 3 cross-sections ‘The design buckling resistance of a compression member should be taken as: Nona = 1 Afy / Aya for Class 1, 2 and 3 cross-sections B=05(1+aQ-02)+ — 24= 93.96 ®) a=049 X= 1/@+V@-2) = (Lee! i) x (1 ha) Tension resistance A =09 Safe Nadler Miva - Design resistance for individual fasteners subjected to shear and/or tension Failure mode Bolts Rives ‘Shear resistance per shear ~ 08 Sn Ae plane ra a 05 ~ where the shear plane passes thro lunthreaded portion of the bol (4 Is the gro: salon afitabald a= 0.8 the Bearing resistance” |p apm Kite Led! gy Tas where ay is the smallest of au; Lit. of 1.0; Jn the direction of load transfer: = for end bolts ‘perpendicular to the direction of load transfer: = for inner bolts: a= ft : for inner bolts: ay “ p, Jus foredge bots: Ay isthe smallest of 2.822 —1,7,1,6 22 a Say de ‘eal fy tetmosmaten of 1.4 241.7 oF 2s = 1,7 and 2,5 = 400 N/m (© Hak Cipta Universit Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL