The phrase “OLD ENGLISH”can mean two
different things. There’s the official term Old
OLD FRENCH
English, which refers specifically to the English
spoken between 450 and 1150.
1. Unfriend
Its use in English actually dates back to the
1200s when it was used as a noun to refer to an
enemy.
( remove someone on something
2. Crapulent
Crapulent means “sick from gross excess in
drinking or eating.” It first appeared in English
in the mid-1600s and can be traced all the way
back to the Greek kraipálē, meaning
“drunkenness, a hangover.”
A most appropriate sounding word for the
condition of feeling ill as a result of too much
eating/drinking.
( drinking of alcohol or drunkenness )
3. Brainish
This word, first recorded in the 1520s, means
“impetuous, headstrong.” A brainish person
dives right in and is determined to have their
own way
(hot headed / characterized by undue haste and
lack of thought or deliberation)
4. Bookcraft
The word bookcraft means exactly what you
might assume it means: “literary skill;
authorship.” It’s an archaic noun used to talk
about great talents with storytelling and the
written word. Bookcraft appeared in English
before the year 900.
5. Groke
This means to stare intently at someone who is
eating, in the hope that they will give you some
1. Abandon
- act of leaving and never returning.
It only entered the English
language in the early 1800s, as a
borrowing from French that goes
back to an Old French word
meaning “surrender.”
( to give up or discontinue)
2. Absolute
first known use of absolute was in the
1350s to 14th century. middle French
absolut meaning unrestricted,
unconditioned
( complete /perfect/total)
3. Beggar
"one who asks alms," especially as a way of
life, c. 1200, from Old French begart
( homeless who lives by asking money or
food )
OLD SCANDAVIAN
1. Hug
he first is that the verb "hug" (first used in
the 1560s) could be related to the Old Norse
word hugga, which meant to comfort.
( squeeze someone tightly in one’s arms )
2. Snug
From Middle English luggen, possibly
from Scandinavian source, (compare
Swedish lugga, Norwegian lugge); also
in English dialectal as lig (“to lug”)
( feeling comfortable,warm and cozy)
 ( an intensive or sudden military attack.)

OLD LATIN
1. Vulnerable
ultimately derived from the Latin noun
vulnus ("wound"). Vulnus led to the Latin
verb vulnerare, meaning "to wound," and
then to the Late Latin adjective vulnerabilis,
which became vulnerable in English in the
early 1600s
- someone who is easily hurt or likely
to succumb to temptation.
( susceptible to physical or
emotionalattack or harm)
2. Rational
Rational comes from the Latin word
rationalis, meaning reasonable or logical.
(based on or in accordance with reason or
logic)
3. Province
2. Bagel
The Polish word bajgiel comes from the
Yiddish word beygal. Beygal comes from
the German word beugel, which means
bracelet or ring
( a dense bread roll in the shape of a ring,
made by boiling dough and then baking it.)
3. Pretzel
Pretzel comes from a German word that is now
spelled Brezel in modern standard German.
From dialectal German Pretzel, a variant of
standard Brezel, from Old High German
brēzitella,
( crisp biscuit baked in the form of a knot or
stick and flavored with salt.)

The English word province is attested since

about 1330 and derives from the 13th-century
Old French province, which itself comes from
the Latin word provincia, which referred to the
sphere of authority of a magistrate, in particular,
to a foreign territory.

( a principal administrative division of certain

countries or empires.)

4. Initial

Anglo-French & Latin; Anglo-French iniciel,

from Latin initialis, from initium beginning,
from inire to go into, from in- + ire to go

( existing or occurring at the beginning.)

OLD GERMAN

1. Blitz

'Blitz' comes from the German word for

lightning.