NAME : _______________________________________________________________

The 5 ships of Magellan are:

1. Trinidad,
2. San Antonio,
3. Concepcion,
4. Santiago, and
5. Victoria.
TALL SHIP NAO TRINIDAD
MAKING ITS WAY TO GOERGETOWN IN SEPTEMBER
SAN ANTONIO SHIP
CONCEPCION SHIP
SANTIAGO SHIP
Ferdinand Magellan's ship Victoria, the only survivor of the 1519 expedition to circumnavigate
On September 20, 1519 , Magellan set sail from Spain in an effort to
find a western sea route to the rich Spice Islands of Indonesia. In
command of five ships and 270 men, Magellan sailed to West Africa
and then to Brazil, where he searched the South American coast for
a strait that would take him to the Pacific.

The first Europeans to reach the Philippines , a stop on the first

circumnavigation of the globe, although Magellan's portion of that
journey would soon end. The expedition of five ships and 250 men
had left Spain on September 20, 1519.

Five hundred years ago, five ships set sail on Ferdinand Magellan's
expedition in search of a new route to the Maluku Islands and their
highly prized spices. The ships' names were Trinidad, Santiago,
Victoria, Concepción, and San Antonio.
 Magellan-Elcano
expedition

Nao Victoria, the ship

accomplishing the
circumnavigation and the
only to return from the
expedition. Detail from a
map by Abraham Ortelius.
Country Spain
Leader Ferdinand
Magellan (succee
 ded by Juan
Sebastián Elcano)
Start Sanlúcar de
Barrameda Septe
mber 20, 1519
End Sanlúcar de
Barrameda Septe
mber 6, 1522
Goal Find a western
maritime route to
the Spice Islands
Ships  Trinidad
 San Antonio

 Concepción

 Victoria

 Santiago

Crew approx. 270

Survivo 18 arrived with
rs Elcano, 12 were
captured by the
Portuguese
in Cape Verde, 55
returned with
the San
Antonio in 1521, 4
(or 5)
from Trinidad retu
rned in Europe
after hard labor in
East Indies
Achieve  First circumna
ments vigation of the
world
 First

European
Pacific
 crossing
 First to

navigate from
the Atlantic to
the Pacific
(Strait of
Magellan)
Route

Route taken by the

expedition, with
milestones marked
King Charles of Spain was 18 years old when he agreed to finance
Magellan's expedition to the Spice Islands in 1518. He is pictured
here in a painting
 Ships of Magellan's expedition

Tonnage[n
3]
Ship Captain Crew Fate
(tonels)

62 then 61 Departed Seville with other four

Ferdinand after a stop- ships 10 August 1519. Broke
Trinidad 110
Magellan over in down in Moluccas, December
Tenerife[27] 1521

Deserted in the Strait of

San Juan de Magellan, November 1520,
55[28] 120 [29]
Antonio Cartagena returned to Spain on 6 May
1521[30]

Concepció Gaspar de 44 then 45 90 Scuttled in the Philippines, May

n Quesada after a stop- 1521
over in
 Tenerife[31]

31 then 33
João after a stop- Wrecked in storm at Santa Cruz
Santiago 75
Serrão over in River, on 22 May 1520[33][34]
Tenerife[32]

Successfully completed
45 then 46 circumnavigation, returning to
Luis after a stop- Spain in September 1522,
Victoria 85
Mendoza over in captained by Juan Sebastián
Tenerife[35] Elcano. Mendoza was killed
during a mutiny attempt.
 18 men returned to Seville aboard Victoria in 1522[120]

Name Origin Final rank

Juan Sebastián Elcano Getaria Captain

Francisco Albo Chios Pilot

Miguel de Rodas Rhodes Shipmaster

Juan de Acurio Bermeo Boatswain

Martín de Judicibus Savona Sailor

Hernándo de Bustamante Mérida Barber

Antonio Pigafetta Vicenza Man-At-Arms

Maestre Anes (Hans)[121] Aachen Gunner

Diego Gallego Bayona Sailor

Antonio Hernández Colmenero Huelva Sailor

Nícolas de Napolés Nafplio Sailor

Francisco Rodríguez Sevilla Sailor

Juan Rodríguez de Huelva Huelva Sailor

Miguel de Rodas Rhodes Sailor

Juan de Arratía Bilbao Shipboy

Juan de Santander (Sant Andrés) Cueto Shipboy

Vasco Gómez Gallego Bayona Shipboy

Juan de Zubileta Barakaldo Page

King Charles pressed for the release of the 12 men held captive by
the Portuguese in Cape Verde, and they were eventually returned to
Spain in small groups over the course of the following year. [122] They
were:

12 men returned to Spain from Cape Verde[123]

Name Origin Final rank

Martín Méndez Sevilla Scrivener

Pedro de Tolosa Tolosa Sailor

Richard de
Normandy, France Carpenter
Normandía

Roldán de Argote Bruges Gunner

Felipe de Rodas Rhodes Sailor

Gómez Hernández Huelva Sailor

Ocacio Alonso Bollullos Sailor

Pedro de Chindurza Galvey Shipboy

Vasquito Gallego Bayona Shipboy

Juan Martín Bayona Man-At-Arms

Pedro de Tenerife Tenerife Man-At-Arms

Simon de Burgos Burgos Man-At-Arms

Between 1525 and 1526, the survivors of the Trinidad, who had
been captured by the Portuguese in the Moluccas, were transported
to a prison in Portugal and eventually released after a seven-month
negotiation. Only five survived:[124]

5 men returning between 1525 and 1526[123]

Name Origin Final rank

Ginés de Mafra Jerez Sailor

Leone Pancaldo Genoa Sailor

Hans Varga (Hans Barge)[125] Germany Constable

Juan Rodríguez "El Sordo" Sevilla Sailor

Gonzalo Gómez de
Burgos Alguacil Mayor
Espinosa

The following five nonsurvivors are considered to have

successfully circumnavigated, since they died after the Victoria and
Trinidad had crossed the tracks of the outbound fleet.[124]

5 men buried at sea after completing the circumnavigation [124]

Name Origin Final rank

Diego Garcia de Trigueros Huelva Sailor

Pedro de Valpuesta Burgos Man-At-Arms

Martín de Magallanes Lisbon Man-At-Arms

Estevan Villon Trosic, Brittany Sailor

Andrés Blanco Tenerife Shipboy

Rarely in history do we find two friends whose interlinked lives would dramatically affect
contemporary history. This is the tale of two Portuguese explorers, Fernão de
Magalhães (Magellan) and Francisco Serrão (Serrano), who would both leave lasting imprints on
Philippine history. In commemoration of their 495th death anniversary this year, we look back on
their respective incredible life journeys.
Magalhães, more famously known in history as Ferdinand Magellan, gets the credit for
discovering the Philippine Islands in 1521. History remembers him for leading the voyage under
the Spanish flag. His voyage led to the first circumnavigation of the globe, although he only
managed to survive halfway. He was unfortunately killed by the natives of Cebu in 1521. Had he
managed to reach Malacca from the west, he would been the first man to circumnavigate the
globe.

His fellow Portuguese contemporary, Serrão (also known in history as Francisco Serrano), had
earlier “discovered” the Philippines, having landed by accident in Mindanao in 1512. Serrano was
part of the Portuguese expedition sent from Malacca to search for the Spice Islands (present day
Moluccas in Indonesia). His ships were wrecked in Banda Sea (present day Celebes Sea). Yet,
he managed to reach Mindanao with nine of his crewmen. There, he promptly commandeered a
Chinese junk and sailed for the Spice Islands, which he reached a few shipwrecks after.

While history has not been totally unkind to Serrano, he has his own accomplishments to be
proud of. He was the first European to sail east of Malacca. Yet, he has always been known as
the man behind the shadow of the more celebrated Magellan. Today, Magellan is celebrated as
the “discoverer” of the Philippines. The title should, in reality, belong to Serrano, who beat him by
a good nine years. Magellan’s journey has so fascinated the world that his legacy has loomed
larger than life throughout history.
 Route traversed by
first circumnavigation of the globe.

It is even more fascinating to note that the link between the two Portuguese explorers is not
merely coincidental. Magellan and Serrano were more than just contemporaries. They were, in
effect, blood brothers. It was even said that they were cousins. It was no historical accident that
their careers followed the same trajectory. It is indeed fascinating to note that their respective life
stories actually embarked and ended at the same time.
Together, they joined the Portuguese expedition to Goa, India in 1505 in the flower of their youth.
In 1511, both Magellan and Serrano participated in the Portuguese conquest of Malacca. The city
served as entrepôt of trade between the Far East and the Near East. Communities from Champa
(Vietnam), China, Arabia, Java, India and the nearby Islands (including the soon-to-be named
Philippine Islands) intermingled and traded among each other in the city.

After the conquest of Malacca, the path of the two best of friends parted. Yet, they remained in
touch through correspondence. Magellan returned to Lisbon in 1512, but not before obtaining the
services of a Christianized Malay slave named Enrique. The Malay slave later played a crucial
role in Magellan’s coming adventure. Magellan’s career in Portugal turned for worse after he was
caught illegally trading with the Moors in Morocco.

As earlier noted, Serrano sailed for the Spice Islands in 1512 and accidentally landed in
Mindanao after being wrecked in the Banda Sea. He eventually reached the Spice Islands. There,
he became friends with the Sultan of Ternate, who later appointed him as his personal adviser.
Serrano lived a good life in Ternate as a mercenary in the service of the Sultan.
 Depiction of Ternate
under Portuguese rule, where Serrano.

The search for Spice Islands was the raison d’être that linked the relationship between the two
Portuguese contemporaries after they parted ways in Malacca. Portugal’s claim to the Spice
Islands was established via the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 which divided the world in half
between the Portuguese and the Spanish. Having earlier discovered the way to the Far East via
Cape of Good Hope, the Portuguese had complete monopoly of the sea route between Malacca
and the Near East.

Spain, however, refused to accept Portugal’s monopoly of the spice trade. Here is where
Magellan came in. In 1517, Magellan’s proposal to reach the Spice Islands via west (by-passing
the eastern route through the Cape of Good Hope) was rejected by the Portuguese royals. He
then brought the same proposal to the rival Spanish monarch, King Charles I. The Spanish,
through the expedition Balboa, already knew of the existence of a body of water east of the
Americas. They believed that China could be reached via the Pacific Ocean.

Magellan’s link with Serrano helped him win the support of the Spanish monarch for his proposed
western route to the Spice Islands. It turned out that, upon his arrival in Ternate, Serrano had
sent his good friend letters by way of Malacca. Serrano described the Spice Islands as so far out
of Malacca that they might fall under the Spanish side of the line set by the Treaty of Tordesillas.
Serrano’s letters proved crucial in obtaining the Spanish monarch’s approval for the historic
voyage. Magellan set sail in August 1519 with five ships and 232 men.

Fast forward to 1521, Magellan’s expedition had finally reached Cebu after a hard slog across the
Pacific Ocean (as Magellan called it) via the tip of South America. The straits now bears the
Portuguese explorer’s name. Using the services of the slave Enrique as interpreter, Magellan
convinced the local royal Rajah Humabon to convert to Christianity.
 Magellan died in the
Battle of Mactan.

It is said that Magellan was determined to outdo the exploits of Spanish conquistador Hernan
Cortes, who, with only a few hundred Spanish soldiers, conquered Mexico for the Spanish
Empire. Upon learning that Humabon was quarreling with a nearby chief in Mactan Islan named
Lapu Lapu, Magellan offered Humabon his services in teaching the latter’s hard-headed rival a
lesson.

Hence, history would have it that Magellan, with only 49 Spanish soldiers clad in heavy armor,
decided to attack the forces of Lapu Lapu. He had thousands of allied native warriors under
Humabon, but he let them watch in the background. So strong was Magellan’s desire to outdo
Cortes that he even made matters worse by choosing to fight on the beach. There, he and his
armor-clad troops were in the disadvantage.

So on 27 April 1521, Magellan needlessly fell in an ill-advised battle that he should have won
easily. Had he followed Cortes’ example perhaps Magellan’s life story would have ended
differently. It may be recalled that Cortes conquered Mexico because he utilized the services of
the natives of Tlaxcala, rivals of the Aztecs.

Worse, Humabon watched his new Spanish friends make a fool of themselves. Then he turned
on the remnants of Magellan’s crew. Many were killed. The survivors, led by Sebastian Elcano,
limped onward to Borneo. They sailed onwards to the Spice Islands hoping to find Serrano in his
new home. Elcano had with two extant ships, the Trinidad and Victoria.
 Filipino painter Vicente
Manansala's "Planting of the Cross in Cebu by Magellan"

However, Serrano was not to be found when the survivors arrived in the Spice Islands. As fate
would have it, he died of questionable circumstances exactly on the same day – it is said – that
his long-lost friend Magellan died in Cebu. Magellan died a few hundreds of kilometers away from
Mindanao, where Serrano touched base by accident in 1512.
Ironically, the last correspondence sent by Serrano to his friend (prior to Magellan’s departure
from Spain in 1519) warned him (Magellan) that he was facing a long and hard journey in which
he might not get out alive. It turned out that the dire warning would befell both of them – on the
same day.

Hence, the lives of the two friends went full circle. Their fates were so intertwined. They left
together to go on an adventure to the New World on the same day in 1505. They left this world on
the same day 16 years later, both of tragic circumstances. In almost the same vicinity.

Postscript: The Victoria managed to sail south close to what is now Australia and rounded the
Cape of Good Hope. It became the sole remaining ship of Magellan’s expedition that managed to
return to Spain in September 1522, the first recognized circumnavigation of the globe (this, of
course, discounts the travail of the slave Enrique, who technically circumnavigated the world
upon reaching the Philippine Islands in 1521). Only 19 crewmen out of the original crew of 232
survived the three-year traverse.