For the eponymous railcar, see Ferdinand Magellan (railcar).

Ferdinand Magellan

Ferdinand Magellan.jpg

Born Fernão de Magalhães

February 3, 1480[citation needed]

Sabrosa, Portugal

Died April 27, 1521 (aged 41)

Kingdom of Mactan

(now Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines)

Nationality Portuguese

Known for The first circumnavigation of the Earth, from Europe to East, and to West; for the first
expedition from Europe to Asia by the West; and for captaining the first expedition across the Atlantic
Ocean to the Strait of Magellan and across the Pacific Ocean

Signature

Magellan Signature.svg

Ferdinand Magellan (/məˈɡɛlən/[1] or /məˈdʒɛlən/;[2] Portuguese: Fernão de Magalhães, IPA: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃w

dɨ mɐɣɐˈʎɐ̃jʃ]; Spanish: Fernando de Magallanes, IPA: [feɾˈnando ðe maɣaˈʎanes]; c. 1480 – 27 April
1521) was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to
1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano.

Born into a Portuguese noble family in around 1480, Magellan became a skilled sailor and naval officer
and was eventually selected by King Charles I of Spain to search for a westward route to the Maluku
Islands (the "Spice Islands"). Commanding a fleet of five vessels, he headed south through the Atlantic
Ocean to Patagonia, passing through the Strait of Magellan into a body of water he named the "peaceful
sea" (the modern Pacific Ocean). Despite a series of storms and mutinies, the expedition reached the
Spice Islands in 1521 and returned home via the Indian Ocean to complete the first circuit of the globe.
Magellan did not complete the entire voyage, as he was killed during the Battle of Mactan in the
Philippines in 1521. His gift, the Santo Niño de Cebú image, remains one of his legacies during his
arrival.[clarification needed]
Magellan had already reached the Malay Archipelago in Southeast Asia on previous voyages traveling
east (from 1505 to 1511–1512). By visiting this area again but now travelling west, Magellan achieved a
nearly complete personal circumnavigation of the globe for the first time in history.[3][4]

The Magellanic penguin is named after him, as he was the first European to note it.[5] Magellan's
navigational skills have also been acknowledged in the naming of objects associated with the stars,
including the Magellanic Clouds, now known to be two nearby dwarf galaxies; the twin lunar craters of
Magelhaens and Magelhaens A; and the Martian crater of Magelhaens.[6]

Contents

1 Early life and travels

2 Voyage of circumnavigation

2.1 Background: Spanish search for a westward route to Asia

2.2 Funding and preparation

2.3 Fleet

2.4 Crew

2.5 Departure and crossing of the Atlantic

2.6 Passage into the Pacific

2.7 Death in the Philippines

2.8 Return

2.9 Survivors

3 Aftermath and legacy

4 Media portrayals

5 See also

6 Notes

7 References
7.1 Online sources

8 Further reading

8.1 Primary sources

8.2 Secondary sources

9 External links

Early life and travels

Effigy of Ferdinand Magellan in the Monument of the Discoveries, in Lisbon, Portugal

Statue in Ponte da Barca, Portugal

Magellan was born in northern Portugal in around 1480, either at Vila Nova de Gaia, near Porto, in
Douro Litoral Province, or at Sabrosa, near Vila Real, in Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Province. He was
the son of Rodrigo de Magalhães, Alcaide-Mor of Aveiro (1433–1500, son of Pedro Afonso de Magalhães
and wife Quinta de Sousa) and wife Alda de Mesquita and brother of Leonor or Genebra de Magalhães,
wife with issue of João Fernandes Barbosa.[7]

In March 1505 at the age of 25, Magellan enlisted in the fleet of 22 ships sent to host D. Francisco de
Almeida as the first viceroy of Portuguese India. Although his name does not appear in the chronicles, it
is known that he remained there eight years, in Goa, Cochin and Quilon. He participated in several
battles, including the battle of Cannanore in 1506, where he was wounded. In 1509 he fought in the
battle of Diu.[8] He later sailed under Diogo Lopes de Sequeira in the first Portuguese embassy to
Malacca, with Francisco Serrão, his friend and possibly cousin.[9] In September, after arriving at
Malacca, the expedition fell victim to a conspiracy ending in retreat. Magellan had a crucial role, warning
Sequeira and saving Francisco Serrão, who had landed.[10]

In 1511, under the new governor Afonso de Albuquerque, Magellan and Serrão participated in the
conquest of Malacca. After the conquest their ways parted: Magellan was promoted, with a rich plunder
and, in the company of a Malay he had indentured and baptized, Enrique of Malacca, he returned to
Portugal in 1512. Serrão departed in the first expedition sent to find the "Spice Islands" in the Moluccas,
where he remained. He married a woman from Amboina and became a military advisor to the Sultan of
Ternate, Bayan Sirrullah. His letters to Magellan would prove decisive, giving information about the
spice-producing territories.[11][12]
After taking a leave without permission, Magellan fell out of favour. Serving in Morocco, he was
wounded, resulting in a permanent limp. He was accused of trading illegally with the Moors. The
accusations were proved false, but he received no further offers of employment after 15 May 1514.
Later on in 1515, he got an employment offer as a crew member on a Portuguese ship, but rejected this.
In 1517 after a quarrel with King Manuel I, who denied his persistent demands to lead an expedition to
reach the spice islands from the east (i.e., while sailing westwards, seeking to avoid the need to sail
around the tip of Africa[13]), he left for Spain. In Seville he befriended his countryman Diogo Barbosa
and soon married the daughter of Diogo's second wife, María Caldera Beatriz Barbosa.[14] They had two
children: Rodrigo de Magalhães[15] and Carlos de Magalhães, both of whom died at a young age. His
wife died in Seville around 1521.

Meanwhile, Magellan devoted himself to studying the most recent charts, investigating, in partnership
with cosmographer Rui Faleiro, a gateway from the Atlantic to the South Pacific and the possibility of
the Moluccas being Spanish according to the demarcation of the Treaty of Tordesillas.

Voyage of circumnavigation

See also: Timeline of the Magellan–Elcano circumnavigation and Armada de Molucca

Background: Spanish search for a westward route to Asia

Christopher Columbus's voyages to the West (1492–1503) had the goal of reaching the Indies and to
establish direct commercial relations between Spain and the Asian kingdoms. The Spanish soon realized
that the lands of the Americas were not a part of Asia, but a new continent. The 1494 Treaty of
Tordesillas reserved for Portugal the eastern routes that went around Africa, and Vasco da Gama and
the Portuguese arrived in India in 1498.

Castile (Spain) urgently needed to find a new commercial route to Asia. After the Junta de Toro
conference of 1505, the Spanish Crown commissioned expeditions to discover a route to the west.
Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa reached the Pacific Ocean in 1513 after crossing the Isthmus of
Panama, and Juan Díaz de Solís died in Río de la Plata in 1516 while exploring South America in the
service of Spain.

Funding and preparation

In October 1517 in Seville, Magellan contacted Juan de Aranda, Factor of the Casa de Contratación.
Following the arrival of his partner Rui Faleiro, and with the support of Aranda, they presented their
project to the Spanish king, Charles I, future Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Magellan's project, if
successful, would realize Columbus' plan of a spice route by sailing west without damaging relations
with the Portuguese. The idea was in tune with the times and had already been discussed after Balboa's
discovery of the Pacific. On 22 March 1518 the king named Magellan and Faleiro captains so that they
could travel in search of the Spice Islands in July. He raised them to the rank of Commander of the Order
of Santiago. The king granted them:[16]

Monopoly of the discovered route for a period of ten years.

Their appointment as governors of the lands and islands found, with 5% of the resulting net gains.

A fifth of the gains of the travel.

The right to levy one thousand ducats on upcoming trips, paying only 5% on the remainder.

Granting of an island for each one, apart from the six richest, from which they would receive a fifteenth.

The expedition was funded largely by the Spanish Crown, which provided ships carrying supplies for two
years of travel. Expert cartographer Jorge Reinel and Diogo Ribeiro, a Portuguese who had started
working for Charles V in 1518[17] as a cartographer at the Casa de Contratación, took part in the
development of the maps to be used in the travel. Several problems arose during the preparation of the
trip, including lack of money, the king of Portugal trying to stop them, Magellan and other Portuguese
incurring suspicion from the Spanish, and the difficult nature of Faleiro.[18] Finally, thanks to the
tenacity of Magellan, the expedition was ready. Through the bishop Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca they
obtained the participation of merchant Christopher de Haro, who provided a quarter of the funds and
goods to barter.

Fleet

Victoria, the sole ship of Magellan's fleet to complete the circumnavigation. Detail from a map by
Ortelius, 1590.

The Nao Victoria Replica in the Nao Victoria Museum, Punta Arenas, Chile

The fleet provided by King Charles V included five ships:

The flagship Trinidad (110 tons, crew 55), under Magellan's command

San Antonio (120 tons; crew 60) commanded by Juan de Cartagena

Concepción (90 tons, crew 45) commanded by Gaspar de Quesada

Santiago (75 tons, crew 32) commanded by João Serrão

Victoria (85 tons, crew 43), named after the church of Santa Maria de la Victoria de Triana, where
Magellan took an oath of allegiance to Charles V; commanded by Luis Mendoza.[19]

Crew

The crew of about 270 included men from several nations, including Spain, Portugal, Italy, Germany,
Belgium, Greece, England and France.[20] Spanish authorities were wary of Magellan, so that they
almost prevented him from sailing, switching his mostly Portuguese crew to mostly men of Spain. It
included about 40 Portuguese, among them Magellan's brother-in-law Duarte Barbosa, João Serrão, a
relative of Francisco Serrão, Estêvão Gomes and Magellan's indentured servant Enrique of Malacca.
Faleiro, who had planned to accompany the voyage, withdrew prior to boarding. Juan Sebastián Elcano,
a Spanish merchant ship captain settled at Seville, embarked seeking the king's pardon for previous
misdeeds. Antonio Pigafetta, a Venetian scholar and traveller, asked to be on the voyage, accepting the
title of "supernumerary" and a modest salary. He became a strict assistant of Magellan and kept an
accurate journal. The only other sailor to report the voyage would be Francisco Albo, who kept a formal
logbook. Juan de Cartagena was named Inspector General of the expedition, responsible for its financial
and trading operations.[citation needed]

Departure and crossing of the Atlantic

On 10 August 1519, the five ships under Magellan's command left Seville and descended the
Guadalquivir River to reach the Atlantic Ocean at Sanlúcar de Barrameda, at the mouth of the river.
There they remained more than five weeks. Finally they set sail on 20 September 1519 and left
Spain.[21]

King Manuel I ordered a Portuguese naval detachment to pursue Magellan, but the explorer evaded
them. After stopping at the Canary Islands, Magellan arrived at Cape Verde, where he set course for
Cape St. Augustine in Brazil. On 27 November the expedition crossed the equator; on 6 December the
crew sighted South America.[citation needed]

On 13 December anchored near present-day Rio de Janeiro. Although in 1500, Pedro Alvares Cabral
claimed the eastern most shores of Brazil for Portugal, Portugal did not maintain a permanent
settlement there to protect its brazilwood monopoly (the French were able to help themselves to the
timber without interference.) Magellan's armada arrived without Portuguese notice.[22] There the crew
was resupplied, but bad conditions caused them to delay. Afterwards, they continued to sail south along
South America's east coast, looking for the strait that Magellan believed would lead to the Spice Islands.
The fleet reached Río de la Plata in early February, 1520.[23]

For overwintering, Magellan established a temporary settlement called Puerto San Julian on March 30,
1520. On Easter (April 1 and 2), a mutiny broke out involving three of the five ship captains. Magellan
took quick and decisive action. Luis de Mendoza, the captain of Victoria, was killed by a party sent by
Magellan, and the ship was recovered. After Concepción's anchor cable had been secretly cut by his
forces, the ship drifted towards the well-armed Trinidad, and Concepcion's captain de Quesada and his
inner circle surrendered. Juan de Cartagena, the head of the mutineers on the San Antonio,
subsequently gave up. Antonio Pigafetta reported that Gaspar Quesada, the captain of Concepción, and
other mutineers were executed, while Juan de Cartagena, the captain of San Antonio, and a priest
named Padre Sanchez de la Reina were marooned on the coast. Most of the men, including Juan
Sebastián Elcano, were needed and forgiven.[24] Reportedly those killed were drawn and quartered and
impaled on the coast; years later, their bones were found by Sir Francis Drake.[25][26]

Passage into the Pacific

The Strait of Magellan cuts through the southern tip of South America connecting the Atlantic Ocean
and Pacific Ocean.

The journey resumed. The help of Duarte Barbosa was crucial in facing the riot in Puerto San Julian;
Magellan appointed him as captain of the Victoria. The Santiago was sent down the coast on a scouting
expedition and was wrecked in a sudden storm. All of its crew survived and made it safely to shore. Two
of them returned overland to inform Magellan of what had happened, and to bring rescue to their
comrades. After this experience, Magellan decided to wait for a few weeks more before resuming the
voyage with the four remaining ships.[citation needed]

At 52°S latitude on 21 October 1520, the fleet reached Cape Virgenes and concluded they had found the
passage, because the waters were brine and deep inland. Four ships began an arduous trip through the
373-mile (600 km) long passage that Magellan called the Estrecho (Canal) de Todos los Santos, ("All
Saints' Channel"), because the fleet travelled through it on 1 November or All Saints' Day. The strait is
now named the Strait of Magellan. He first assigned Concepcion and San Antonio to explore the strait,
but the latter, commanded by Gómez, deserted and headed back to Spain on 20 November. On 28
November, the three remaining ships entered the South Pacific. Magellan named the waters the Mar
Pacifico (Pacific Ocean) because of its apparent stillness.[27] Magellan and his crew were the first
Europeans to reach Tierra del Fuego just east of the Pacific side of the strait.

Death in the Philippines

Monument in Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu in the Philippines.

Heading northwest, the crew reached the equator on 13 February 1521. On 6 March they reached the
Marianas and Guam. Pigafetta described the "lateen sail" used by the inhabitants of Guam, hence the
name "Island of Sails", but he also writes the inhabitants "entered the ships and stole whatever they
could lay their hands on", including "the small boat that was fastened to the poop of the
flagship."[28]:129 "Those people are poor, but ingenious and very thievish, on account of which we
called those three islands the islands of Ladroni."[28]:131

On 16 March Magellan reached the island of Homonhon in the Philippines, with 150 crew left. Members
of his expedition became the first Europeans to reach the Philippine archipelago.[29]

Magellan relied on Enrique, his Malay servant and interpreter, to communicate with the native tribes.
He had been indentured by Magellan in 1511 after the colonization of Malacca, and had accompanied
him through later adventures. They traded gifts with Rajah Siaiu of Mazaua[30] who guided them to
Cebu on 7 April.

Rajah Humabon of Cebu was friendly towards Magellan and the Spaniards; both he and his queen Hara
Amihan were baptized as Christians and were given the image of the Holy Child (later known as Santo
Niño de Cebu) which along with a cross (Magellan's Cross) symbolizes the Christianization of the
Philippines. Afterward, Rajah Humabon and his ally Datu Zula convinced Magellan to kill their enemy,
Datu Lapu-Lapu, on Mactan. Magellan wanted to convert Lapu-Lapu to Christianity, as he had Humabon,
but Lapu-Lapu rejected that. On the morning of 27 April 1521, Magellan sailed to Mactan with a small
force. During the resulting battle against Lapu-Lapu's troops, Magellan was struck by a bamboo spear,
and later surrounded and finished off with other weapons.[31]

Pigafetta and Ginés de Mafra provided written documents of the events culminating in Magellan's
death:
When morning came, forty-nine of us leaped into the water up to our thighs, and walked through water
for more than two cross-bow flights before we could reach the shore. The boats could not approach
nearer because of certain rocks in the water. The other eleven men remained behind to guard the boats.
When we reached land, [the natives] had formed in three divisions to the number of more than one
thousand five hundred people. When they saw us, they charged down upon us with exceeding loud
cries... The musketeers and crossbow-men shot from a distance for about a half-hour, but uselessly...
Recognizing the captain, so many turned upon him that they knocked his helmet off his head twice... A
native hurled a bamboo spear into the captain's face, but the latter immediately killed him with his
lance, which he left in the native's body. Then, trying to lay hand on sword, he could draw it out but
halfway, because he had been wounded in the arm with a bamboo spear. When the natives saw that,
they all hurled themselves upon him. One of them wounded him on the left leg with a large cutlass,
which resembles a scimitar, only being larger. That caused the captain to fall face downward, when
immediately they rushed upon him with iron and bamboo spears and with their cutlasses, until they
killed our mirror, our light, our comfort, and our true guide. When they wounded him, he turned back
many times to see whether we were all in the boats. Thereupon, beholding him dead, we, wounded,
retreated, as best we could, to the boats, which were already pulling off.[31][better source needed]

Magellan provided in his will that Enrique, his interpreter, was to be freed upon his death. But after the
battle, the remaining ships' masters refused to free the Malay. Enrique escaped his indenture on 1 May
with the aid of Rajah Humabon, amid the deaths of almost 30 crewmen.[citation needed]

Pigafetta had been jotting down words in both Butuanon and Cebuano languages – which he started at
Mazaua on 29 March and his list grew to a total of 145 words. He continued communications with
indigenous peoples during the rest of the voyage.[citation needed]

"Nothing of Magellan's body survived, that afternoon the grieving rajah-king, hoping to recover his
remains, offered Mactan's victorious chief a handsome ransom of copper and iron for them but Datu
Lapulapu refused. He intended to keep the body as a war trophy. Since his wife and child died in Seville
before any member of the expedition could return to Spain, it seemed that every evidence of Ferdinand
Magellan's existence had vanished from the earth."[32]

Return

The Magellan–Elcano voyage. Victoria, one of the original five ships, circumnavigated the globe, finishing
16 months after Magellan's death.
The casualties suffered in the Philippines left the expedition with too few men to sail all three of the
remaining ships. Consequently, on 2 May they abandoned and burned Concepción. Reduced to Trinidad
and Victoria, the expedition fled westward to Palawan. They left that island on 21 June and were guided
to Brunei, Borneo, by Moro pilots, who could navigate the shallow seas. They anchored off the Brunei
breakwater for 35 days, where Pigafetta, an Italian from Vicenza, recorded the splendour of Rajah
Siripada's court (gold, two pearls the size of hens' eggs, porcelain from China, eyeglasses from Europe
etc.). In addition, Brunei boasted tame elephants and an armament of 62 cannons, more than five times
the armament of Magellan's ships. Brunei people were not interested in the Spanish cargo of cloves, but
these proved more valuable than gold upon the return to Spain.[citation needed]

When reaching the Maluku Islands (the Spice Islands) on 6 November, the total crew numbered 115.
They traded with the Sultan of Tidore, a rival of the Sultan of Ternate, who was the ally of the
Portuguese.[citation needed]

The two remaining ships, laden with valuable spices, tried to return to Spain by sailing westwards.
However, as they left the Spice Islands, the Trinidad began to take on water. The crew tried to discover
and repair the leak, but failed. They concluded that Trinidad would need to spend considerable time
being overhauled, but the small Victoria was not large enough to accommodate all the surviving crew.
As a result, Victoria with some of the crew sailed west for Spain. Several weeks later, Trinidad departed
and tried to return to Spain via the Pacific route. This attempt failed. Trinidad was captured by the
Portuguese and was eventually wrecked in a storm while at anchor under Portuguese control.[citation
needed]

Victoria set sail via the Indian Ocean route home on 21 December, commanded by Juan Sebastián
Elcano. By 6 May 1522 the Victoria rounded the Cape of Good Hope, with only rice for rations. Twenty
crewmen died of starvation before Elcano put into Cape Verde, a Portuguese holding, where he
abandoned 13 more crew on 9 July in fear of losing his cargo of 26 tons of spices (cloves and
cinnamon).[citation needed] On 6 September 1522, Elcano and the remaining crew of Magellan's voyage
arrived in Spain aboard the Victoria, almost exactly three years after the fleet of five ships had departed.
Magellan had not intended to circumnavigate the world, but rather had intended only to find a secure
route through which the Spanish ships could navigate to the Spice Islands. After Magellan's death,
Elcano decided to push westward, thereby completing the first known voyage around the entire Earth.

Maximilianus Transylvanus interviewed some of the surviving members of the expedition when they
presented themselves to the Spanish court at Valladolid in the autumn of 1522. He wrote the first
account of the voyage, which was published in 1523. Pigafetta's account was not published until 1525,
and was not published in its entirety until 1800. This was the Italian transcription by Carlo Amoretti of
what is now called the "Ambrosiana codex." The expedition eked out a small profit, but the crew was
not paid full wages.[33]

Four crewmen of the original 55 on Trinidad finally returned to Spain in 1522; 51 had died in war or from
disease. In total, approximately 232 sailors of assorted nationalities died on the expedition around the
world with Magellan.

Survivors

When Victoria, the one surviving ship and the smallest carrack in the fleet, returned to the harbor of
departure after completing the first circumnavigation of the Earth, only 18 men out of the original 237
men were on board. Among the survivors were two Italians, Antonio Pigafetta and Martino de Judicibus.
Martino de Judicibus (Spanish: Martín de Judicibus) was a Genoese or Savonese[34] Chief Steward.[35]
His history is preserved in the nominative registers at the Archivo General de Indias in Seville, Spain. The
family name is referred to with the exact Latin patronymic, "de Judicibus". Martino de Judicibus, initially
assigned to the caravel Concepción, one of five ships of the Spanish fleet of Magellan, had embarked on
the expedition with the rank of captain.[citation needed]

18 men returned to Seville aboard Victoria in 1522:

Name Rating

Juan Sebastián Elcano, from Getaria (Spain) Master

Francisco Albo, from Rodas (in Tui, Galicia) Pilot

Miguel de Rodas (in Tui, Galicia) Pilot

Juan de Acurio, from Bermeo Pilot

Antonio Lombardo (Pigafetta), from Vicenza Supernumerary

Martín de Judicibus, from Genoa Chief Steward

Hernándo de Bustamante, from Alcántara Mariner

Nicholas the Greek, from Nafplion Mariner

Miguel Sánchez, from Rodas (in Tui, Galicia) Mariner

Antonio Hernández Colmenero, from Huelva Mariner

Francisco Rodrigues, Portuguese from Seville Mariner

Juan Rodríguez, from Huelva Mariner

Diego Carmena, from Baiona (Galicia) Mariner

Hans of Aachen, (Holy Roman Empire) Gunner

Juan de Arratia, from Bilbao Able Seaman

Vasco Gómez Gallego, from Baiona (Galicia) Able Seaman

Juan de Santandrés, from Cueto (Cantabria) Apprentice Seaman

Juan de Zubileta, from Barakaldo Page

Aftermath and legacy

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding
citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Find sources: "Ferdinand Magellan" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2013)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Monument of Ferdinand Magellan in Punta Arenas in Chile. The statue looks towards the Strait of
Magellan.

Antonio Pigafetta's journal is the main source for much of what is known about Magellan and Elcano's
voyage. The other direct report of the voyage was that of Francisco Albo, the last Victoria's pilot, who
kept a formal logbook. Europeans first learned of the circumnavigation through an account written by
Maximilianus Transylvanus, a relative of sponsor Christopher de Haro, who interviewed survivors in
1522 and published his account in 1523.[citation needed]

Since there was not a set limit to the east, in 1524 both kingdoms had tried to find the exact location of
the antimeridian of Tordesillas, which would divide the world into two equal hemispheres and to resolve
the "Moluccas issue". A board met several times without reaching an agreement: the knowledge at that
time was insufficient for an accurate calculation of longitude, and each gave the islands to their
sovereign. An agreement was reached only with the Treaty of Zaragoza, signed on 1529 between Spain
and Portugal. It assigned the Moluccas to Portugal and the Philippines to Spain. The course that
Magellan charted was followed by other navigators, such as Sir Francis Drake. In 1565, Andrés de
Urdaneta discovered the Manila-Acapulco route.[citation needed]

In 1525, soon after the return of Magellan's expedition, Charles V sent an expedition led by García Jofre
de Loaísa to occupy the Moluccas, claiming that they were in his zone of the Treaty of Tordesillas. This
expedition included the most notable Spanish navigators: Juan Sebastián Elcano, who, along with many
other sailors, died of malnutrition during the voyage, and the young Andrés de Urdaneta. They had
difficulty reaching the Moluccas, docking at Tidore. The Portuguese were already established in nearby
Ternate and the two nations had nearly a decade of skirmishing over the "possession." (occupied by
indigenous peoples.)[citation needed]

Magellan's expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe and the first to navigate the strait in
South America connecting the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Magellan's name for the Pacific was
adopted by other Europeans.

Magellan's crew observed several animals that were entirely new to European science, including a
"camel without humps", which was probably a guanaco, whose range extends to Tierra del Fuego. The
llama, vicuña and alpaca natural ranges were in the Andes mountains. A black "goose" that had to be
skinned instead of plucked was a penguin.[citation needed]

The full extent of the globe was realized, since their voyage was 14,460 Spanish leagues (60,440 km or
37,560 mi). The global expedition showed the need for an International Date Line to be established.
Upon returning the expedition found its date was a day behind, although they had faithfully maintained
the ship's log. They lost one day because they traveled west during their circumnavigation of the globe,
opposite to Earth's daily rotation.[36] This caused great excitement at the time, and a special delegation
was sent to the Pope to explain the oddity to him.[citation needed]

The Order of Magellan was established in 1902 to honour those who complete a circumnavigation and
make other contributions to humanity.

Two of the closest galaxies, the Magellanic Clouds in the southern celestial hemisphere, were named for
Magellan sometime after 1800. The Magellan probe, which mapped the planet Venus from 1990 to
1994, was named after Magellan. The Ferdinand Magellan train rail car (also known as U.S. Car. No. 1) is
a former Pullman Company observation car that was re-built by the U.S. Government for presidential
use from 1943 until 1958.

A replica of the Victoria, the only ship of Magellan's to survive the entire voyage, can be visited in Puerto
San Julian.[citation needed]

Three craters, two located on the Moon and one on Mars, have been named after Magellan using the
spelling "Magelhaens". The names were adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1935
(Magelhaens on the Moon), 1976 (Magelhaens on Mars), and 2006 (Magelhaens A on the Moon).[6] The
asteroid 4055 Magellan, discovered in 1985, and the Magellan probe to Venus (1989–1994) were also
named after him.

The five hundredth anniversary of Magellan's expedition and circumnavigation will be commemorated
in a series of events organised by the municipal council of Sanlucar de Barrameda in Spain, and
supported by philanthropic organisations.[37]

Media portrayals