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Physical Science 1.1
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Physical Science
Quarter 3 – Module 1.1:
Atomic Number and Synthesis of
New Elements
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Physical Science– Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 1.1: Atomic Number and Synthesis of New Elements
First Edition, 2020
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Team Leaders:
School Head : Reynaldo B. Visda
LRMDS Coordinator : Melbourne L. Salonga
Physical Science
Quarter 3 – Module1.1:
Atomic Number and Synthesis of
New Elements
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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
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This learning module was designed to help the students to learn the key concepts of
atomic number and mass number and its role in yielding new synthetic elements in
the laboratories. This learning module deals with the understanding the concept of
atomic number that leads to produce new elements. To further enhance the students’
learning, different learning activities are provided in this module. The lesson is
presented in an easy way in order to address the learning difficulties of the students
by using language level at par with their comprehension. Based on the recent study,
students learn more if they are actively engaged in the textbook they are using. This
learning module can help to improve the student’s academic achievement in this
subject. With this material, students can work in less supervision of the teacher.
The module is contained one lesson.
• Lesson 1 – Atomic Number and Synthesis of New Elements
The most essential learning competency for this module.
Explain how the concept of atomic number led to the synthesis of new elements in
the laboratory (S11/12PS-IIIb-11)
After going through this module, you are specifically expected to:
1. Define atomic number;
2. Determine the atomic number and mass number of the given element, and
3. Explain how the concept of atomic number led to the synthesis of new
elements in the laboratory.
What I Know
Identify the key term referred in each statement. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
__________1. The sum of the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an
atom.
__________2. It refers to the number of protons in the nucleus of an element.
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Lesson
Atomic number and
1 Synthesis of new elements
In 1913, Henry Moseley arranged the elements in the periodic table based on their
increasing atomic number. Up to this date, his work is very significant because the
elements are still arranged in terms of atomic number. The atomic number refers to
the number of protons in the atom’s nucleus. It is also the basis of element’s identity.
More so, the number of protons in an element determines the electrons that
surround the nucleus. The atomic number of an element helps the scientists to
synthesize new elements in the laboratories.
What’s In
What are two words that you can form from these pictures?
Atomic number, what is atomic number? Atomic number refers to the number of
protons found in the nucleus of an atom. As you explore this learning material you
will learn the concept atomic number and its important role in yielding new elements
in the laboratory.
What’s New
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periodic table of elements. Therefore, he assigned these frequencies as the atomic
number of each element. The atomic number indicates the number of protons found
in the nucleus of each element. It also serves as the identity of an atom.
In a neutral atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. Thus,
atomic number is equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom. For instance,
aluminum has an atomic number of 13, meaning each neutral atom of aluminum
has 13 protons and 13 electrons. In general, the acceptable representation of atomic
number is this symbol, capital Z. The total number of neutrons and protons in the
nucleus of an atom referred mass number. The mass number represents by this
symbol, capital A.
X
Z
Where:
X is element symbol
A is the mass number
Z is the atomic number
Mass number (A) = number of protons (p+) + number of neutrons (n0)
= Atomic number (Z) + number of neutrons (n0)
Atomic number (Z) = number of protons (p+) = number of electrons (e-)
Number of neutrons (n0) = Mass number (A) - number of protons (p+)
Note:
Protons are positive charge, electrons are negative charge and neutrons are neutral or
no charge.
Mg 12 24 12 12 12
Al 13 27 13 13 14
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The synthesis of new elements
Most of the elements are found naturally, but there are some elements can be
produced in the laboratories. The scientists used particle accelerator to synthesize
new synthetic elements. The particle accelerator is a device used to speed up the
electrically charged atomic particles or subatomic particles by using magnetic and
electrical fields.
In 1930, the element 92, Uranium was the heaviest element discovered at that time.
The eagerness of scientists to study and discover the behavior and characteristics of
the elements challenged them to create new elements. By the year 1937, Ernest
Lawrence used linear particle accelerator in creating element 43 by bombarding the
atoms of molybdenum with atomic number 42 with fast moving electrons. He named
this element 43 as Technetium. The first man-made element.
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What is It
After reading the text in What’s new. Let us see how far you have learned this topic.
Fill in what is missing in the ZApen table. Use a separate sheet of paper for your
answer.
Ar 18 40
O 8 8
N 7 7
P 15 25
Bi 83 126
Be 4 9
Mo 42 54
What’s More
Match the term in Column A to Column B. Use a separate sheet of paper for
your answer.
A B
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1. The atomic number indicates the number of protons found in the nucleus of
each element.
2. Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of
an atom.
3. The deuteron is a devise used in increasing the electrically charged atomic
particle.
4. The particle accelerators are used to create new elements in the laboratory.
5. The cyclotron is a particle accelerator used in alternating electric field to
accelerate particles that move in a spiral path in the presence of a magnetic
field.
6. The mass number symbol is capital A, for the atomic number capital Z.
7. The transuranium elements are unstable and radioactively decay into other
elements.
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What I Can Do
Using the periodic table of elements. Determine the atomic number and predict
the name of element and element symbol from the given number of electrons.
Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.
Number of
Atomic Number Element name Element symbol
electrons
29
30
19
14
26
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Assessment
Multiple Choice. Read and analyze each question. Write the letter that
corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
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Additional Activities
Using the periodic table of elements. Complete what is missing in each box. Use
a separate sheet of paper for your answer.
Element
# of p+ Z A # of e- # of no Element name
symbol
52
22
19
83
32
2
3
What’s more: Additional activities:
1. D # # #
Element Element
2. E of Z A of of
name symbol
3. A p+ e- no
4. B 52 52 128 52 76 Tellurium Te
5. C 22 22 48 22 26 Titanium Ti
19 19 40 19 21 Potassium K
83 83 209 83 126 Bismuth Bi
32 32 73 32 41 Germanium Ge
Assessment: What can I Do:
1. B Number
2. B Atomic Element Element
of
3. C Number name symbol
electrons
4. D 29 29 Copper Cu
5. C 30 30 Zinc Zn
6. A 19 19 Potassium K
7. C 14 14 Silicon Si
8. A
26 26 Iron Fe
9. C
10. D
What is It: What’s In What I Know:
1. Atomic number 1. Mass number
Element 2. Atomic number
Z A (p+) 3. Particle
Symbol (e) (n0)
accelerator
Ar 18 40 18 18 22 4. Technetium
5. Deuteron
O 8 16 8 8 8
N 7 14 7 7 7
P 15 40 15 15 25
Bi 83 209 83 83 126
Be 4 9 4 4 5
Mo 42 96 42 42 54
Answer Key
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References
Chang, R. Chemistry 8th Edition. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the
Americas, New York, NY 10029, 2005.
Dorin, H., Demmin, P.E., & Gabel D.L. Prentice Hall Chemistry: The Study of
Matter 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall, Inc. Needham, Massachusetts Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey, 1990.
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