NUNES mL ULM SURVEY & INVESTIGATIONS S.S.H.TULSIANEY Deputy General Manager 1, TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY ‘The project was planned on the basis of survey of India ‘Topo sheets of scale of 1: 50,000. The survey of the project, area and various project components was got done on a scale of 1: 10,000 for the preparation of DPR drawings. Further survey as per requirement of Design Department, was also got done to freeze the layout of the project and its components. 2, DISCHARGE AND SILT OBSERVATION 2.4 Discharge Observations Gauge discharge observation sites were established in 1963 and onwards and regular discharge data was observed at the following sites for carrying out power potential studies for the project. 24.1 Wangtoo Bridge Discharge observations are being carried out on river Satluj at Wangtu bridge near Nathpa dam site from September 1968 (CA-49755 km). As there is practically no contributions from in between catchment upto dam site (CA-49820 km#) these discharges have been considered to be available at Nathpa dam site. 24.2 Rampur Discharge observations are also being carried out at Rampur since June 1963 (CA-50880 km). Precipitation contribution towards run-off from the intermediate catchmnent from dam site to Rampur varies significantly ‘as compared to that in the catchment area upto diversion dam site (viewed on annual basis). Flow ratio between dam site and Rampur as the ratio of annual total precipitation (catchment area x annual precipitation normal) would represent the reduction factor on annual basis for deriving discharge series at dam site from that ‘of Rampur. The reduction factor on annual basis works ‘ut to 0.94 (as compared to CA ratio of 0.98) as under: ‘Annual total precipitation = CA x annual rainfall normal AtNathpa dam site ‘A’ = 49820 x 435 ‘At Rampur ‘B = 50880 x 453 Reduction Factor, B= 0.94 It was observed that during non-monsoon period from Special esue on 1500 NW Nathpa ari Mycrooectc Project V.P. SHARMA ‘Sr. Manager October to May, precipitation patter is almost uniform and the stream-fiow is mostly due to snow melt and hence the reduction factor as 0.98 i.e., proportionate to CA was considered, Annual reduction factor being 0.94, reduction factor for monsoon period i.e., from June to September, thus, would work out as 0.86, since the rainfall contribution during monsoon months from intermediate catchment is significantly high. With these conversion factors ten daily flow series at Nathpa dam site have been developed from June 1963 to 1985. ‘A Consistency check was conducted by comparing the mean discharges and standard deviations for individual ten daily blocks in respect of following series. (From river Sat at Wangtu bridge (1968-85) (i) From river Setiuj at Rampur (1963-1985) (il) From river Satlu) at Bhakra (1926-1963) and at Rampur (1963-1985) Besides consistency check was also made in respect of river Sally) at Bhakra (1926-1955) and river Satlyjat Jhakri (1977-1985). It is seen that flows from October to May are quite ‘comparable although these vary + 15% in 9 cases out of 24 cases. The total inflow from October. to May and June to September is shown in Table 1 Table 1 Total itlow Inflow during | From Wangtu | From Rampur | From Bhakral (milion m) | Bridge (1963-10888) | Rampur (1968-1985) (1926-1985) (sto a En 3368 3278 “une to ese 7179 6370 Septembor Flows at Nathpa dam site from June to September. from Wangtu bridge (1968-85) were found to be higher as compared to those from Rampur (1963-85) and Bhakra/ Rampur (1926-1985). The observations at Wangtu bridge during the period could be erroneous as the river flow is highly turbulent. Although flows from June to September based on Bhakra/Rampur series (1926-85) are comparatively less, these were adopted as Nathpa Jhakri being a run-of-river type development. 24.8 Sholding Khad Discharge observations are being conducted at Sholding Vol 85, No.2, ApritJune, 208DE ADL GOD) bridge near diversion site (CA-85 km?) from February. 1968 {continuous from 1970). The Sholding Khad water has been added to main HRT of NJHEP through a drop shaft arrangement. The ten daily discharge data of Sholding 2.2.1. Gradation of Suspended Silt Load The average percentage of various fraction of the suspended load in river Satlyj is @s follows: Kad was utized for power planning purposes. Coarse BOE TT 7 22 Silt Observations Medium (20.076mm <02m) 2 ‘The river Satluj carries a significant amount of silt both in the form of bed load as well as suspended load during Fine Ke eS ma — snow melt and after heavy down pour. Silt data waS The petrographic analysis was also carried out during observed from 1962 to 1996 and is also being observed investigation stage. As pe this analysis the percentage of since operation of the Project. The suspended silt load in quartz was 38%. Composition of Suspended Sediments terms of PPM is given in Table 2. As per long term data of river Salyjat Nathpa dam site is given in Table S the average silt load for high flow season was 932 PPM vis vis numberof days. During the operation ofthe project Table 9 Peto graphy analyse this figure has increased to about 4600 PPM due to heavy Hardness] More] Lass [3 age of] Shape of bank erosion taking piace upstream of Nathpa dam. ea rere unre icra Micron) aleron| Whole rt 2 on Oouaraton es, |B [Sore| Sar Fr we pepo] [SRE ee Le NO] "| Fro | foo | 2001 to | £007 to | >s000 ie angsar 2o0n | 4000"” | S000 cel inper 2 | teral 282 | 67 = > > rounded ape oe poe tae Sane | BSS PST ae | aes ee wwuscomie | Bas} eT S| a aes & sae art [es oecta o_| Tere] 305 | 38 6 2 T Toumaine| 77S] 10] oz | 08 | Sub- 7 q77| 320 | 28 15 3 2 rounded Hest pope pe Bem S| aR as | er YS a} ere] aos | ar ae] et be onl eee ey a a a Wer aie ee [{2 rounded Lathes} ae} arpa Homeraet SSBF [|e ema 73 | 1963 26T 36 Gi 3 7 Augite | = - - - |e we ee] ais fp Gamat} SSTS] A] AS] ae Sm 15 | ies, 31S | 43 7 a anes Te | 1986[ 282 | a7 7 T a ee Es [17 | reer] 330 [at § - a Chiorte | 15-25 eo 36 | Flakes & a iees] eae | ae [3 [Spec a a aie aa} 87 sib 1990, 278) 73 a 2 > |__ rounded Co Show SSS OS, TT | Oe Ys 22) ne a Sl iwagraie | SESS] VET] TEE] aS YS we] eee} SE |B] rounded 24 | i904)” 246 | 45 34 70 10 and other = ies] aa ef pe Dat 3 [ess] eer | eee oa ———— lavarape Dayd 20556 [4223 | aes | Ba1 | 3a Minerals ‘Special Issue on 1500 MW Nathpe kr Hyeroeecte Project Vol 65, No.2, AnritJune, 2008,REA Ue ‘The Petrographie analysis during operation stage revealed Table 4 Det of exploratory sits that the percentage of quartz has increased to 66%. Si] Bat Ne.) Feature | Location | Length 3. GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS No| ew ercavated The Geological Survey of India had carried out geological Number) tm) reconnaissance for locating hydroelectric projects on the Satluj river in 1968, and detailed geological mapping of | 1. | OT [bam site | ight 92.7 the Nathpa Jhakri Project area was taken up during 1971- eeienese 72. The investigations carried out indicated that the project | 2- | OT [Dam site | Left bank of 30.0 is located in an area occupied by gneisses and schist of eset the Saranhan series or Narkanda series, of the Pre- | % | OT HAT ace veer 160 Cambrian age. The general sequence of the geological ane formations consist of (i) Slide debris-recent, (ii) Old slide road. debris-older slides, (i) Gneisses with schist bands and [4-[ ora fiir share ws interbedded quartzites, (iv) Schists with gneisses band, khad intrusive granites, pegmatites and basic rock. The |_| (ot sie, fomations have a general EW to WNW-ESE trend with [5] FS [WAT Nugatan wie the amount of dip varying between 35 to 70 in northerly to a NE direction. The diversion dam, inital reaches of the ee head race tunnels were found to be located informations Go mbelow which are predominantly gneisses. The gneisses in general roa). _|- were found to be hard and tough,. For the restofthe length, | 6 | oT-6 HRT Left side of | 83 the head race tunnel traverses through formations which Rai khad were found o be ether predominantly gneisses with schist (noo aa) bands or schist with gneiss bands. Similar formations were Upetream ‘met with in the surge tank, pressure tunnels and power of HT road. house areas. Thus, due to the favourable geological [7] b17 —|Sipren | wangad waa) 788 conditions encountered in this project area, no major |__| crossing | (right bank, problems were anticipated. The detals of exploratory Drits [@ | OTS —|Sipron | wangaa wraa 7 and Drill holes in the Project area is given in Tables 4 & 5 oe (loft bank) respectively & [ore [WRT [Deja 4. CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL SURVEY ve Orso Yarn [ae ‘09 4.4 General 11.| DT-11 | Surge shaft | Jhakri 125 Asuneyon the avaibilly andthe sutabty of construction ft a | Sage Sta | ak — materials such as the coarse and the fine aggregates Eee re requred for coneret forthe Nathpa Jnaks Hydel Project, Ft jem NT —= was conducted by the Central Soils and Materials ad ietuang Research Station during 1973. Rock samples trom ot ess eu) Pachhada, Mangled, Sholding and river bed on rightbank [7a] Bris “| Power [a 36 icine near Tapri and sand samples ftom river bed near Jeon wwe and Tap were collected for testing inthe laboratory. [75] O72 [Power | Jhaxs | 01 Paral 4.2 Sites for Aggregates " The natural aggregate was found to be available in the [6] or-ia | Doaing | Nae eee river bed at Jeori and near Tapri where the river deposits ‘Chamber (Including 434 m could be exploited for the purpose. The quarrying sites, cross Se) from where the material could be manufactured, were | 17.| 01-15 | Power ‘Manglad Kt 33 identtied at Pachhda, Manglad and Sholding. While tre [|_| [Mowe || abandones) quartzite rock ledge was available at Pachhada, the rock Total 2977.00 m ‘Special ssue on 1500 MW Napa Jnak Hydroetetric Project 5 Vol 65M. 2, Apitsune, 2008POA Nae Table 5 Detais of exploratory cil holes Sr loam no] Foetwe]owaton [iene] [SE BAR Wo] Feature —]——Tocation [carat No. sew bemath | |No. [ew | ] Number (™ [sume ro 1] ORT [Dama | rer bod zoo | [Bc [ts | RAT olla T298 | id ser ei - eee = 22.| 7-16 | To study | Kotla, 129.9 Z| owe [Bam sie | igh bani Ba geoiogical | me | terace emees 3) ORS [Dana ce aol Z| Bua [Bam ste [Om downaveam | ass | 24] TIA _ me col cam ania 25.) 718 [Siphon | 60.07 Peal eiprcea loca caste esnpa anemia ici cl crossing & [ORS [Demat | Nathpa igneban | sias | |__| a _ & ome [oan ste Nahe irtank | Teas | [26 [WA [ART crossing [Ai Mangiad iad |” 44.50 iar nore z [ta _[wet____ | Sono 10866} | 27.| me | HAT crossing | At Mangled knad | 99.90 @ | re [HAT Ponda vilage by the | 12182 bank | | ‘side of Nichar road Beag| Saaician ‘Lott bank of shoiding 76.2 Eueue | nad rear doe PET | Power house [Le bai osidra PH? | Power house Kad hit above HY \ read | 31. | PHS | Power house ape | RAT Kanda fred ear] onze | [82.[ PHA | Power house os Neate) a] | 88-[ PRS | Powerhouse | dha 7a) re [HAT Totbark otDrarat | 11008 | fae prez | Power house { Souther end of ee | power house [Har | above NH-22 HAT. | Vet bark of Ral Kred ‘AT-1 | Access tunnel Tunnel alignment HT wah toPH | To sudo | Onto gh ada oF APE | Access tunnel] Tunnel alignment | geothermal Jeori (Rai) khad to PH gradient. | by tho side of ea [a face iT 38. [TRO | TAT Tunnel alignment Eat Faa[ Tea [TAT [Tonner agen | HAT eet ~ = pals 2 40.) TRS [TAT | Tunnel alignment Hi nara by the a7 | COs eee | aT |Bahaety ee 8887 | Trae [TAT Tun aignent | | Sarahan roas Total= 05741 m “Angier Hoes available at Manglad comprised laminated Quartzite- 4.2.1 Coarse Aggregates phylites and schists. The Sholding quarry had granites and granites gneisses. Based on the site investigations and various laboratory tests conducted, the following conclusions are drawn for selection of sites for coarse and fine aggregates. ‘Spel Ieeue 1500 MW Kath Jha! Hydroelectric Project () Pachhada Quarry White and grayish quartzite rock exposed near Pachhada khad between 16 to 17 kms from Jeori towards Rampur and pink quartzite boulders from Pachhada khad were recommended as suitable for use as coarse aggregates 6 Vol 65; No.2 Apidae, 2008