Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Ecology: - Is a branch of science that studies the interactions of living things with each other and with the
environment.
2. Ecosystem: -A community together with the abiotic environment forms an ecosystem.
3. Organismal (Individual) Ecology: -A branch of ecology that studies the relationship of an individual or
individuals of a species to the environment.
4. Population ecology: -The next level of organization in ecology is the population, a group of individuals of the
same species living in a particular geographic area.
5. Population: -Is a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area. Population is the smallest
unit of ecology, and one population is not self-sufficient.
6. Community: -A group of populations living together in the same area. With abiotic factors included,
communities are self-sufficient.
7. Biosphere: - All of the places where organisms can live, from the bottom of the ocean to an altitude of
10,000 m.
8. Habitat: -The natural environment or place where an organism, population, or species lives. It is shortly
address of the organism.
9. Biome: - The geographical area of the environment that an organism needs to live. Biome can be thought of
as the place where the community lives.
10. Biomass: - The dry weight of organic matter comprising a group of organisms in a particular habitat.
11. Flora: - The plant or bacterial populations living in a particular environment.
12. Fauna: - The animal populations living in a particular environment.
13. Herbivores: - (also called primary consumers), such as sheep, eat plants directly.
14. Carnivores (secondary or tertiary consumers), such as lions, feed on other animals.
15. Omnivores, such as humans, feed on both plants and animals.
16. Decomposers: - are organisms of decay.

Review Questions -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.What is the difference between population and community?

POPULATION COMMUNITY
It is a group of individuals of the same species living It is a group of populations living together in the same
together in the same area. area.
It is not self-sufficient. It is self-sufficient.
It is the smallest unit of ecology.

2. What are the biotic components of an ecosystem?

Biotic components are (Living Organisms) of this ecosystem

1.Producers (In terrestrial ecosystems, the dominant producers are green plants,

while in fresh water and saltwater ecosystems, the dominant producers are algae (a kind of protest)

2.Consumers

3. Numerate the level of organization?

protoplasm - cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - organisms - population - community - ecosystem – biosphere

4.Why water is the most important life source?

Water basically is the most important life source, due to its percentage in living cell (more than 90% in some cells
kinds).
5.Explain How Sunlight affect life on earth?

Sun light clearly affect the ecosystem this effect appears in different forms due to alternation of earth position
around the sun and four seasons sequence. That affects the density of living organism from one habitat to another.

6. What is the importance of gasses in ecosystem?

Take an important role in ecosystem, represented by a mixture of different gasses that forms biosphere.

7.Explain the structure of Gas in Biosphere?

Mainly this mixture is formed by Nitrogen, Oxygen, CO2, water vapor and other gasses

Fill in the blanks -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.interactions is a key idea in ecology.

2.In fresh water and saltwater ecosystems, the dominant producers are Algae

3. Flora: The plant and Bacteria populations living in a particular environment.

4. Lions are Carnivores and feed on other organisms.

5. In terrestrial ecosystems, the dominant producers are green plants.

6. Fauna: The animal populations living in a particular environment.

7. Ecology: - Is a branch of science that studies the interactions of living things with each other and with the
environment.

8.Ecosystem: -A community together with the abiotic environment forms an ecosystem.

9.Organismal (Individual) Ecology: -A branch of ecology that studies the relationship of an individual or individuals of
a species to the environment.

10.Population ecology: -The next level of organization in ecology is the population, a group of individuals of the same
species living in a particular geographic area.

11.Population: -Is a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area. Population is the smallest unit of
ecology, and one population is not self-sufficient.

12.Community: -A group of populations living together in the same area. With abiotic factors included, communities
are self-sufficient.

13.Biosphere: - All of the places where organisms can live, from the bottom of the ocean to an altitude of 10,000 m.

14.Habitat: -The natural environment or place where an organism, population, or species lives. It is shortly address
of the organism.

15.Biome: - The geographical area of the environment that an organism needs to live.

Biome can be thought of as the place where the community lives.

16.Biomass: - The dry weight of organic matter comprising a group of organisms in a particular habitat.

17.Flora: - The plant or bacterial populations living in a particular environment.

18.Fauna: - The animal populations living in a particular environment.

19.Herbivores: - (also called primary consumers), such as sheep, eat plants directly.

20.Carnivores (secondary or tertiary consumers), such as lions, feed on other animals.

21.Omnivores, such as humans, feed on both plants and animals.

True or False ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Herbivores eat plants directly. T

2. Decomposers are organisms of decay. T

3. Soil contains organic materials only. F

4. Herbivores are tertiary consumers. F

5. Biome: - The plant or bacterial populations living in a particular environment. F

6. Community: -A group of populations living together in the same area. With abiotic factors included, communities
are self-sufficient. T

7. Water basically is the most important life source, due to its structure in living cell (more than 1% in some cells
kinds). F

8. Biome: -The natural environment or place where an organism, population, or species lives. It is shortly address of
the organism. F

9. Individual ecology: -The next level of organization in ecology is the population, a group of individuals of the same
species living in a particular geographic area. F

10. Population Ecology It is self-sufficient. F

MultiplevChoises _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. ........................group of individuals of same species.

A) Biosphere

B) Flora

C) population

D) Habitat

2. Which one of the following biggest than others?

A) Population

B) Community

C) Ecosystem

D) biosphere

3. Which of the followings is the most important gas in ecosystem?

A) Magnesium

B) Oxygen

C)Water vapors
D) Algae.