Transitive verbs Intransitive verbs

[C2] 上げる （あげる）to raise [C1] 上がる （あがる）to rise, go up

[C2] 下げる （さげる）to lower [C1] 下がる（さがる） to go down

(something)
[C2] 開ける（あける） to open [C1] 開く（あく） to open (by itself)

[C2] 閉める （しめる）to close [C1] 閉まる （しまる）to close (by

(something) itself)
[C1] 出す（だす） to put out, to take [C2] 出る （でる）to go out, to appear, to
out come out

[C2] ⼊れる （いれる）to put in, [C1] ⼊る （はいる）to enter, to be

to insert included, to fit inside

[C1] 直す （なおす）to fix [C1] 直る （なおる）to get better

[C1] こわす to break (something) [C2] こわれる to become broken

[C2] つける to attach, to turn [C1] つく to stick, become attached

[C1] 消す（けす） to put out, to [C2] 消える （きえる）to go off, to

extinguish disappear
[C1] 動かす （うごかす）to move [C1] 動く（うごく）to move (by itself),
(something) to be in motion

[C2] ⽌める （とめる）to stop [C1] ⽌まる（とまる） to come to a stop

(something)
[C1] 落とす （おとう）to drop [C2] 落ちる （おちる）to fall (from a
(something) height)
[C2] かける to hang (something on), to
[C1] かかる to hang, to take (time)
take (time)
[C2] 乗せる （のせる）to put on a [C1] 乗る （のる）to board a vehicle, to
vehicle, to give a ride to ride
[C1] 回す （まわす）to turn [C1] 回る （まわる） to turn around,
(something), to send around to go around
[C2] 変える（かえる）to change [C1] 変わる（かわる）to (undergo) change
(something)
[C1] 起こす （おこす）to wake
[C2] 起きる （おきる）to get up, to rise
someone up. to raise, to raiseup, to set up
[C2] 始める to begin (something) [C1] 始まる to begin
[C1] 終わる。終えるto end [C1] おわるto come to an end
(something)

Additional pairs
Transitive verbs Intransitive verbs
[C2] 伝える（つたえる）to convey, [C1] 伝わる（つたわる）be conveyed;
to report, to transmit be passed along
[C2] 集める（あつめる）
to gather (things/people) [C1] 集まる（あつまる）to congregate

[C2] ⾒つける to find [C1] ⾒つかる to be found

[C1] 残す（のこす）to leave behind [C1] 残る（のこる）to be left, to remain
[C2] 並べる（ならべる）to line [C1] 並ぶ（ならぶ）to get in line
(things) up
[C1] 寝かす（ねかす）to put to bed [C2] 寝る（ねる）to go to bed, to sleep
[C1] 切る（きる）to cut [C2] 切れる（きれる）to be cut
[C2] 写す（うつす）to film, to picture, [C1] 写る（うつる）to be photographed, to
to photograph be projected
[C1] 映る（うつる）to be reflected, to
[C2] 映す（うつす）to project, to harmonize with
reflect, to cast
[C2] 決める（きめる）to decide, to [C1] 決まる（きめる）to be decided, to
choose, to determine be settled
[C2] 育てる（そだてる）to raise, to [C1] 育つ（そだつ）to grow (up) , to be
rear, to bring up raised (e.g. child)
[C2] ⽴てる to put up, to set up, to erect, [C1] ⽴つ to stand, to rise, to stand up
to raise
[C2] 建てる（たてる）to build, to [C1] 建つ（たつ）to be erected, to be built
construct
[C1] 続く（つづく）to be continued, to
[C2] 続ける（つづける）to continue, last, to go on
to keep up

[C2] 泊める（とめる）to give shelter, [C1] 泊まる（とまる）to stay at (e.g.

to lodge hotel)
 [C1] 治る（なおる）to be cured, to get
[C2] 治す（なおす）to cure, to heal well, to be healed

[C2] 無くす（なくす）to lose [C1] 無くなる（なくなる）be [get]

something, to get rid of lost, be missing
[C1] 沸く（わく）to grow hot(e.g. water), to
[C2] 沸かす（わかす）to boil, to heat be boiled

[C2] 渡す（わたす）to hand [turn]

over, to build (a bridge) over [C1] 渡る（わたる）to cross over, to go
across
[C2] 揚げる（あげる）to fry, to cook [C1] 揚がる（あがる）to be deep fried
[C2] ⾶ばす（とばす）to fly [C2] ⾶ぶ（とぶ）to fly
(something), to launch
[C1] 温まる（あたたまる）to become
[C2] 温める（あたためる）to warm, to get warm:
warm, to heat
[C1] 薄まる（うすめる）to become
[C2] 薄める（うすめる）to dilute, to weak, o become diluted
water down

[C2] 移す（うつす）to move from one [C1] 移る（うつる）to move《to a place,

setting or context to another into a house》, to transfer to...

[C2] 埋める（うめる）to bury (e.g. [C1] 埋まる（うまる）to be buried, to be

in the ground) surrounded
[C2] 売り切る to sell out, to sell off [C1] 売り切れる to be sold out
[C2] 起こす（おこす）to set up, to [C1] 起こる（おこる）to occur, to happen
cause

[C2] 驚かす（おどろかす）to [C1] 驚く（おどろく）to be surprised, to

surprise (someone), to frighten (someone) be astonished
[C2] 降ろす（おろす）to take down [C1] 降りる（おりる）to descend (e.g. a
(e.g. flag), to let (a person) off mountain), to get off
[C2] 帰す to send (someone) back [C1] 帰る to return, to come home, to go home
[C2] 重ねる（かさねる）to pile up, [C1] 重なる（かさなる）to be piled up,
to put something on top of something else to lie on top of one another
[C2] ⽚付ける（かたづける）to [C1] ⽚付く（かたづく）be in (good)
tidy up, to put in order order, be tidy
[C2] 被せる（かぶせる）to cover
(with something) [C1] 被る（かぶる）to put/wear on (one’s
head)
[C1] 代わる（かわる）take somebody's
[C2] 代える（かえる）to replace place, replace somebody
[C1] 切れる to break, to snap, to be cut, to be
[C2] 切る to cut, to cut through disconnected
[C2] 崩す（くずす）to destroy, to [C1] 崩れる（くずれる）to collapse, to
demolish crumble
[C1] 砕ける（くだける）to be broken
[C2] 砕く（くだく）to break, to smash (into pieces)

[C2] 加える（くわえる）to add, [C1] 加わる（くわわる）to be added to,

to add up, to sum up to be appended
[C2] 転がす（ころがす）to roll [C1] 転がる（ころがる）to roll over , to
(something) tumble

[C2] 裂く（さく）to tear, to rip up [C1] 裂ける（さける）to split, to tear, to

burst
[C2] 刺す（さす）to pierce, to stab, to [C1] 刺さる（ささる）be stuck
prick

[C2] 覚ます（さます）to awaken [C1] 覚める（さめる）to wake

[C2] 従える（したがえる）to be [C1] 従う（したがう）to abide (by the
accompanied by rules), to obey
[C1] 湿る（しめる）to become wet; to be
[C2] 湿らす（しめらす）to make damp, to be moist
moist
[C2] 進める（すすめる）to
advance, to promote, to haste [C1] 進む（すすむ）to advance, to go
forward
[C2] ずらす to shift (something), to slide
(something) [C1] ずれる to slide, to slip off, be shifted

[C2] 揃える（そろえる）to
collect, to gather, to get together [C1] 揃う（そろう）to become complete

[C1] 倒れる（たおれる）to fall, to

[C2] 倒す（たおす）to throw, to bring aollapse, to fall
down
[C2] 炊く（たく）to cook (grains, e.g. [C1] 炊ける（たける）to be boiled, to be
rice) cooked
[C2] 助ける（たすける）to [C1] 助かる（たすかる）to be
help, to save, to rescue saved, to be rescued

[C2] 溜める（ためる）to amass, to
accumulate
[C2] 近づける（つかづける）to
bring near, to put close
[C1] 溜まる（ためる） be accumulated,
be piled up
[C1] 近づく（ちかづく）to approach,
to draw near

[C1] 縮まる（ちぢまる）to shorten, to

[C2] 縮める（ちぢめる）to shorten, to narrow, to close
reduce
[C1] 縮む（ちぢむ）to shrink, to
[C2] 縮める（ちぢめる） to shorten, contract, to diminish
to reduce
[C2] 散らかす（ちらかす）to scatter [C1] 散らかる（ちらかる）to be in
around, to leave untidy disorder, to lie scattered
[C2] 捕まえる（つかまえる）to [C1] 捕まる（つかまる）to be
catch, to arrest, to seize caught, to be arrested
[C1] 浸かる（つかる）to be soaked ,
[C2] 浸ける（つける）to soak, to dip in to be well seasoned

[C1] 繋がる（つながる）to be tied

[C2] 繋ぐ（つなげる）to tie, to connect together, to be connected

[C2] 繋げる（つなげる）to tie, to [C1] 繋がる（つながる）to be tied

fasten, to connect together, to be connected
[C1] 潰れる（つぶれる）to be
[C2] 潰す（つぶす）to smash, to crush crushed, to be smashed
[C2] 詰める（つめる）to stuff into, to
jam, to cram
[C2] 通す（とおす）to stick through, to
force through
[C2] 退かす（どかす）to remove
[C2] 退ける（しりぞける）to put
something out of the way
[C1] 詰まる（つまる）be blocked, be
stuffed (up)
[C1] 通る（とおる）to go by, to go
past, to go along
[C1] 退く(しりぞく)to withdraw, retire
[C1] 退く（しりぞく）to withdraw, to
retire

[C2] 溶かす（とかす）to melt, to [C1] 溶ける（とける）be dissolved, be

dissolve melted
[C2] 届ける（とどける）to deliver, to [C1] 届く（とどく）to reach, to be
send delivered

[C2] 留める（とどめる）to stop, to [C1] 留まる（とどまる）to stop

(moving), to stay
turn off
[C2] 流す（ながす）to drain, to pour, [C1] 流れる（ながれる）to
to spill, to shed stream, to flow (liquid, time, etc.)
[C2] 鳴らす（ならす）to ring, to sound, [C1] 鳴る（なる）rings
to chime
[C2] 煮る（にる）to boil, to simmer, to [C1] 煮える（にえる）be boiled, be
stew cooked
[C2] 逃がす（にがす）to let somebody [C1] 逃げる（にげる）to escape, to run
escape away

[C2] 抜く（ぬく）to extract, to omit, to
draw out
[C2] 残す（のこす）to leave (behind,
over)
[C2] 伸ばす（のばす）to stretch, to
extend, to lengthen
[C2] 延ばす（おばす）to grow long
(e.g. hair, nails)
[C2] 載せる（のせる）to place on
(something), to upload
[C2] 挟む（はさむ）to interpose, to
hold between
[C2] 外す（はずす）to unfasten, to undo [C1] 外れる（はずれる）to be
disconnected
[C2] 冷やす（ひやす）to cool, to ice
[C2] 広げる（ひろげる）to spread, to
extend, to expand
[C2] 増やす（ふやす）to increase, to
add to
[C2] 膨らます（ふくらます）to
swell, to expand, to inflate
[C1] 抜ける（ぬける）to come out, to
fall out, to be omitted
[C1] 残る（のこる）to remain, to be left
[C1] 伸びる（のびる）to grow long
(e.g. hair, nails)
[C1] 延びる（のびる）to stretch, to
extend, to lengthen
[C1] 載る（のる）to be placed on, to be
uploaded
[C1] 挟まる（はさまる）to get
between, to be caught in
[C1] 冷える（ひえる）to get chilly, to
cool down
[C1] 広がる（ひろがる）to
spread(out), to extend, to stretch
[C1] 増える（ふえる）to increase, to
multiply
[C1] 膨らむ（ふくらむ）to expand, to
 swell (out)

[C1] 塞がる（ふさがる）to be closed,

[C2] 塞ぐ（ふさぐ）to stop up, to close to be blocked
up
[C2] ぶつける to hit (e.g. one’s head), to [C1] ぶつかる to strike against, to collide
strike with
[C1] ぶら下がる to hang from, to dangle,
[C2] ぶら下げる to hang, to suspend, to to swing
dangle
[C2] 減らす（へらす）to abate, to [C1] 減る（へる）to decrease (in
decrease, to diminish size or number)
[C2] 解く（とく）to untie, to [C1] 解ける（とける）to come untied,
unfasten, to unwrap to come apart
[C1] 曲がる（まがる）be bent, be
[C2] 曲げる（まげる）to bend, to curved, be crooked
crook, to bow
[C1] 混ざる（まざる）to be
[C2] 混ぜる（まぜる）to mix, to stir, to mixed, to be blended with
blend
[C1] 混じる（まじる）to be mixed in
[C2] 混ぜる（まざる）to mix, to stir, to with, to blend with
blend

[C2] まとめる to collect, to put (it all) [C1] まとまる to be collected, to be settled
together
[C2] 回す（まわす）to turn/rotate [C1] 回る（まわる）to turn, to revolve
(something)
[C2] 向ける（むける）to turn towards, [C1] 向く（むく）to face
to point
[C2] 儲ける（もうける）to profit, to
get, to earn, to gain
[C2] 燃す（もす）to burn
[C2] 燃やす（もやす）to burn
[C2] 戻す（もどす）to put back, to
return, to give back
[C2] 破く（やぶく）to tear, to violate, to [C1] 破ける（やぶける）to get torn, to
defeat
[C2] 破る（やぶる）to tear, to break, to
destroy
[C2] 茹でる（ゆでる）to boil
(something in hot water)
[C2] 汚す（よごす）to pollute, to
contaminate
[C1] 寄る（よる）to approach, to draw
near
[C2] 分ける（わける）to divide (into),
[C1] 儲かる（もうかる）to be
profitable, to yield a profit
[C1] 燃える（もえる）to burn, to get
fired up
[C1] 燃える（もえる）to burn, to get
fired up
[C1] 戻る（もどる）to turn back (e.g.
half-way)
wear out
[C1] 破れる（やぶれる）to get torn, to
tear, to rip
[C1] 茹る（ゆだる）to get boiled
[C1] 汚れる（よごれる）to get dirty,
to become dirty
[C2] 寄せる（よせる）to come near,
to let someone approach
[C1] 分かれる（わかれる）to branch,
to split (into) to fork, to diverge

[C1] 割れる（われる）to break, to be

[C2] 割る（わる）to divide, to cut, to smashed, to split
break

[C1] 合う（あう）to come together, to

[C2] 合わす（あわす）to match merge
(rhythm, speed, etc.)
[C1] 当てはまる（あてはめる）
[C2] 当てはめる（あてはめる）to applicable to, to apply (a rule)
adapt, to apply
[C2] 余す（あます）to leave (over), to [C1] 余る（あまる）to reamin, to be left
spare over
[C2] 改める（あらためる）to change,
to alter, to revise [C1] 改まる（あらたまる）to be
renewed
[C2] 現す（あらわす）to reveal, to [C1] 現れる（あらわれる）to appear,
show, to display to come in sight

[C2] ⽣かす（いかす）to make (the [C1] ⽣きる（いきる）to live, to exist

best) use of

[C2] 痛める（いためる）to hurt,

to injure, to cause pain [C1] 痛む（いたむ）be hurt, be damaged

[C1] 浮かぶ（うかぶ）be afloat, to

[C2] 浮かべる（うかべる）to float rise to surface, to come to mind
[C2] 受ける（うける）to receive, to get [C1] 受かる（うかる）to pass
(examination)
[C2] 動かす（うごかす）to
move/shift (something) [C1] 動く（うごく）to move, to shift

[C2] 埋める（うめる）to bury (e.g. [C1] 埋まる（うまる）to be buried, to

in the ground) be surrounded

[C2] 産む（うむ）to give birth, to deliver [C1] 産まれる（いまれる）to be born

[C2] 植える（うえる）to plant, to grow, [C1] 植わる（うわる）to be planted
to raise
[C2] 遅らす（おくらす）to delay [C1] 遅れる（おくれる）to be late, to
be delayed
[C2] 収める（おさめる）to paye, [C1] 収まる（おさまる）to be in
to make an offering one’s place, to be installed

[C2] ⽋く（かく）to be short of..., to lack [C1] ⽋ける（かける）to be chipped, to

be damaged, to be broken
[C2] 固める（かためる）to harden, to
freeze, to strengthen [C1] 固まる（かたまる）to harden, to
solidify
[C2] 傾ける（かたむける）to
incline, to lean, to tip, to tilt [C1] 傾く（かたむく）to incline toward,
to slant
[C2] 叶える（かなえる）to grant [C1] 叶う（かなう）to come true (wish)
(request, wish)
[C2] 被せる（かぶせる）to cover
(with something)
[C2] 絡める（からめる）to arrest
[C2] 絡める（からめる）to arrest
[C2] 涸らす（からす）to dry up
[C2] 枯らす（からす）to let
dry, to kill (vegitation)
[C2] 乾かす（かわかす）to dry
(clothes, etc)
[C2] 傷つける（きずつける）to
wound, to injure
[C2] 切り替える（きりかえる）to
change, to exchange, to convert
[C2] 腐らす（くさらす）to
spoil, to rot, to corrode
[C2] 苦しめる（くるしめる）to
torment, to pain, to inflict
[C2] 焦がす（こがす）to burn, to
scorch, to singe
[C1] 被さる（かぶさる）to hang over,
to cover
[C1] 絡まる（からまる）to be
entwined, to be involved
[C1] 絡む（からむ）to entangle, to
entwine
[C1] 涸れる（かれる）to dry
up(spring, pond, etc.)
[C1] 枯れる（かれる）to wither (of a
plant)
[C1] 乾く（かわく）to get dry
[C1] 傷つく（きずつく）to be
wounded, to get injured
[C1] 切り替わる（きりかわる）to
change completely, to switch to...
[C1] 腐る（くさる）to rot, to go bad, to
decay
[C1] 苦しむ（くるしむ）to suffer, to
groan, to be worried
[C1] 焦げる（こげる）to burn, to be
burned
 [C2] 拗らす（こじらす）to make
worse (e.g. disease)
[C2] 零す（こぼす）to spill, to drop,
to shed (tears)
[C2] 凝らす（こらす）to concentrate, to [C1] 凝る（こる）to grow stiff, to devote
devote
[C2] 裂く（さく）to tear, to rip up
[C2] 授ける（さずける）to grant, to
award
[C2] 定める（さだめる）to decide, to
establish
[C2] 冷ます（さます）to cool (e.g. from [C1] 冷める（さめる）to become cool
a high temperature)
[C2] 仕上げる（しあげる）to finish
up, to complete
[C2] 茂らす（しげらす）to grow
thickly, to be in full leaf
[C2] 鎮める（しずめる）to
appease, to suppress, calm
[C2] 沈める（しずめる）to sink, to
submerge
[C1] 拗れる（こじれる）to twist, to
wrench, to screw
[C1] 零れる（こぼれる）to spill over,
to fall out of, to overflow
oneself to (something)
[C1] 裂ける（さける）to split, to tear
[C1] 授かる（さずかる）to be awarded
(e.g. a prize), be blessed with (a child)
[C1] 定まる（さだまる）to become
settled, to be fixed
(e.g. from a high temperature)
[C1] 仕上がる（しあがる）;to be
finished, to be completed
[C1] 茂る（しげる）to grow thickly, to
be in full leaf
[C1] 鎮まる（しずまる）to
quieten down, to calm down
[C1] 沈む（しずむ）to sink, to go under,
to submerge
[C2] 済ます（すます）to finish, to
get it over with [C1] 済む（すむ）to come to an end

[C2] 擦る（する）to rib, to chafe, to

strike (match) [C1] 擦れる（すれる）to be rubbed

[C2] 備える（そなえる）to furnish, to [C1] 備わる（そなわる）to be

provide for furnished with
[C2] 染める（そめる）to dye, to color [C1] 染まる（そまる）to be dyed
[C1] 反る（そる）to be curved, to be
[C2] 反らす（そらす）to bend, to warp, arched, to bend
to curve
[C2] 逸らす（そらす） to turn [C1] 逸れる（それる）to turn aside, to
something aside/away turn away