ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

(THEORY)

T P CH 2 0 2

1. TRANSFORMERS

General Objective Understand the basic principles of working of transformers.

Specific Objectives: 1.1 Explain the basic principle of working of transformers 1.2 Explain the basic
construction of core type and shell type transformers 1.3 Explain the basic theory of an ideal
transformer 1.4 Derive EMF equation of transformer 1.5 Solve basic problems on EMF equation 1.6
Explain the term transformation ratio 1.7 Explain the basic principles of working of step up and step
down transformers 1.8 Solve basic problems on turn ratio 1.9 Explain the term rating of transformer &
transformer efficiency 1.10 Explain the principle of Auto transformer 1.11 Explain the types and
principles of three phase transformers 1.12 Explain with the help of circuit diagram the Y/Y, ∆/∆, ∆/Y,
connection of transformers 1.13 Explain how transformer can be operated in parallel single phase and
three phase

2. D.C. GENERATORS

General Objective Understand the basic principles of working of different types of D.C. Generators.

Specific Objectives: 2.1 Explain the basic principle, construction and working of a simple loop generator
2.2 Explain the construction of a practical D.C. Generator 2.3 Explain coil span, pitch, lap and wave
winding, related to armature 2.4 Explain the term excitation and its need

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2.5 Explain with the help of circuit diagrams the types of D.C. generators such as separately excited, self
excited (shunt, series and compound) 2.6 Derive EMF equation for D.C. Generators 2.7 Solve basic
problems on EMF 2.8 Explain the various losses in D.C. Generator 2.9 Explain how D.C. Generators are
operated in parallel

3. D.C. MOTORS General Objective Understand the principles of working and construction of D.C.
meters.

Specific Objectives: 3.1 Explain the basic principles of working of D.C. Meters 3.2 Explain the types of
D.C. Meters 3.3 Compare the principle of D.C. Generator and motor action 3.4 Explain the term back
EMF 3.5 Derive the voltage equation of a D.C. Motor 3.6 Solve basic problems on voltage equation 3.7
Compare the action of shunt and series motors 3.8 Explain the losses and efficiency of D.C. motors 3.9
Explain the basic construction parts of D.C. motors 3.10 Enlist the uses of D.C. Motors in power plants

4. INDUCTION MOTORS General Objective Understand the basic principles of working and construction
of A.C MOTORS.

Specific Objectives: 4.1 Illustrate the classification of A.C. Motors 4.2 Explain the basic principle of
working of A.C. Motors 4.3 Enlist the advantages and disadvantages of A.C. Motors 4.4 Explain the
construction and basic parts of induction motors 4.5 Explain low rotating magnetic field is produced 4.6
Explain the principle of working of three phase induction motors 4.7 Define the terms slip and torque in
A.C. motors 4.8 Explain the different types of squirrel cage motors such as class A, B, C, D, E and F

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5. Single Phase Meters General Objective Understand the basic principles of working and construction of
single phase motors.

Specific Objectives: 5.1 Illustrate the classification of single phase motors 5.2 Explain how single phase
induction motors are made self starting 5.3 Explain the principle of working of single phase motors 5.4
Describe the principle of different types of capacitor start motor 5.5 Explain the construction and
working of shaded pole motors 5.6 Explain the construction and working of squirrel cage motors 5.7
Explain the principles of working and types of Universal motors 5.8 Enlist the uses of single phase
motors in Power Plants

6. ALTERNATER General Objective Understand the basic principle and construction of Alternator.

Specific Objectives: 6.1 Describe the basic principle of working of alternator 6.2 Explain the construction
of alternator 6.3 Explain the types of armature windings 6.4 Explain the Y and ∆ connections of
alternator 6.5 Define the terms Pitch factor and distribution factors 6.6 Derive EMF Equation 6.7 Solve
basic problems on EMF Equation 6.8 Explain how alternators are connected for parallel operation 6.9
Explain how single phase and three phase alternators are synchronized

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7. INTRODUCTION TO A.C. TRANSMISSION General Objective Understand the basic components of A.C.
Transmission and Distribution network.

Specific Objectives: 7.1 Enlist the major components and explain their basic function 7.2 Explain the
layout of A.C. transmission and distribution system 7.3 Distinguish between frequencies and
transmission voltages 7.4 Define the flow of electricity through components 7.5 Describe the
fundamentals of distribution system, also illustrate the primary and secondary system layout and single
line diagram.

8. MAIN CONNECTIONS General Objective Understand the types and function of different kinds of
connections.

Specific Objectives: 8.1 Describe the connections of main and sectional busbars, disconnecters and
circuit breakers 8.2 Illustrate single line diagrams showing the connections of main components of T&D
System in large fossil fueled steam generating stations 8.3 Illustrate single line diagram showing the
connections of main components in large hydrogenerating stations 8.4 Illustrate single line diagram
showing the connections of main components in turbine generating stations and diesel engine
generating stations

9. SUB-STATION AND SWITCHYARD General Objective Understand the basic principles of working of
transformers.

Specific Objectives: 9.1 Illustrate the layout of substation and switchyard 9.2 Describe the function of
equipments in substation & switchyard 9.3 Explain the safety procedure in substations and switchyard
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10. OVERHEAD LINES AND UNDERGROUND CABLES General Objective Understand the structure of
overhead lines and underground cables.

Specific Objectives: 10.1 Describe the main components and their types of overhead lines and
underground cables 10.2 Enlist the types of underground cables 10.3 Explain the construction, thermal
characteristics and insulation of cables 10.4 Define the power loss in cables

11. HIGH VOLTAGE A.C. POWER General Objective Understand the basic factors of high voltage A.C.
Power.

Specific Objectives: 11.1 Define the factors influencing transmission efficiency and power loss 11.2
Describe the procedure for minimizing power loss by designing transmission and distribution system
11.3 Define the resistance, capacitance, reactance, inductive reactance manipulation 11.4 Explain the
relationship between various types of power, apparent power, true power, reactive power and power
factor in terms of three phases A.C. Distribution

12. VOLTAGE CONTROL General Objective Understand the voltage control by different methods.

Specific Objectives: 12.1 Describe the voltage control by generator excitation 12.2 Define the booster
transformers 12.3 Describe the voltage control by power factor 12.4 Define the synchronous
condensers

13. ABNORMAL VOLTAGE RISE General Objective Understand the causes of abnormal voltage rise.

Specific Objectives: 13.1 Distinguish between Surges and Corona

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14. SWITCH GEAR AND PROTECTION General Objective Understand the different types of switch gears
and circuit breakers and protection of different devices.

Specific Objectives: 14.1Define the reactors and capacitors 14.2 Name the different types of circuit
breakers; explain the principle of arc extinction auto enclosure, and advantages of SF6 circuit breaker
14.3 Distinguish between switch gear for auxiliary power supply system and low voltage switch gear 14.4
Enlist the different types of fuses and relays, also explain their applications. 14.5 Define the Neutral
grounding 14.6 Explain the different methods of protections

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ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

P.T.: 322 T P CH Contact Hours: 64 2 0 2

PRE REQUISITE: Knowledge of applied Electricity.

AIMS:

 To provide understanding of basic principle of working of transformers, electrical machines and

motors  To provide understanding of working components of electric power high voltage transmission
system.
1. TRANSFORMERS 04 HOURS

1.1 Working principle of single phase transformer 1.2 Transformer construction and types. Parallel
operation of the single phase transformer 1.3 EMF equation, derivation, problems 1.4 Voltage
transformation ratio step up and step down transformer 1.5 Rating of transformer 1.6 Transformer
efficiency 1.7 Cooling of transformers 1.8 Three phase transformer, construction and types 1.9 Three
phase transformer connections Y/Y, ∆- ∆, ∆/Y 1.10 Parallel operation of 3 Phase transformer

2. D.C. GENERATORS 04 HOURS

2.1 Principle, construction and working of simple loop generator 2.2 Construction of practical generator
2.3 Armature windings, coil span, pitch, lap and wave winding 2.4 Types of D.C. Generators – separately
excited, self excited (shunt, series and compound) 2.5 EMF equation, derivation, problems 2.6 Losses in
a D.C. Generator, Power stages 2.7 Parallel operation of D.C. Generators

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3. D.C. MOTORS 04 HOURS

3.1 Principle of working and types of D.C. Motors 3.2 Back EMF 3.3 Voltage equation of motor 3.4
Compression of shunt and series motor 3.5 Losses and efficiency 3.6 Power stages 3.7 Construction of
D.C. Motors, basic parts 3.8 Use of D.C. motors in Power Plants

4. INDUCTION MOTORS 04 HOURS

4.1 Classification of A.C. Motors 4.2 Principles of induction motors, advantages, disadvantages 4.3
Construction of induction motor 4.4 Production of rotating magnetic field 4.5 Three phase induction
supply and rotation of rotor 4.6 Slip and torque 4.7 Squirrel cage motors, types Class A, B, C, D, E and F

5. SINGLE PHASE MOTORS 04 HOURS

5.1 Classification of single phase motor 5.2 Starting of single phase motor 5.3 Principle of working of
single phase motor 5.4 Types of capacitor shunt motors 5.5 Types, principle of working and construction
of shaded and repulsion motors 5.6 Types and uses of single phase motors in power plants

6. ALTERNATOR 06 HOURS

6.1 Alternator, constructional features 6.2 Principles of working 6.3 Generators factors, rotor speed and
frequency, no. of poles and frequency, power dispatches and load demand 6.4 A.C. exciter, function and
types of common exciters used in Power plants, components of brushless exciter, working of brushless
exciter, components of static exciter. Working of static exciter. Aspects of reactive power in power
system by analyzing inductive and capacitive components, Megavar loading.

6.5 Ventilation and auxiliary systems, hydrogen cooling system, stator cooling system, seal oil system,
generator degassing procedure

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7. INTRODUCTION OF A.C. TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

7.1 Major components and their basic functions 7.2 Layout of A.C. transmission and distribution system
7.3 Frequencies and transmission voltages 7.4 Flow of electricity through components 7.5 Fundamentals
of distribution system, Primary and secondary system layout, single line diagram

8. MAIN CONNECTIONS 06 HOURS

8.1 Connections of main and sectional busbars, disconnectors and circuit breakers 8.2 Large fossil fueled
steam generating stations layout connections 8.3 Large hydrogenerating stations layout connections 8.4
Gas turbine generating stations layout connections 8.5 Diesel engine generating stations layout
connections

9. SUBSTATION AND SWITCHYARD 02 HOURS

9.1 Layout of substation and switchyard 9.2 Function of equipments in substation and switchyard 9.3
Safety in substations and switchyard

10. OVERHEAD LINES AND UNDERGROUND CABLES 06 HOURS

10.1 Conductor types 10.2 Conductor material 10.3 Poles and towers 10.4 Insulator, types 10.5
Suspension, types (Pin type and strain type) 10.6 Joints and clamps 10.7 Guards, Earthing, Vibration
and dampers 10.8 Types of underground cables; low, high, super tension and HSL Cables 10.9 Thermal
characteristics 10.10 Cable construction 10.11 Insulation of cables 10.12 Power loss in cables

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11. HIGH VOLTAGE A.C.POWER 04 HOURS

11.1 Factors influencing transmission efficiency and power loss 11.2 Minimizing power loss by designing
transmission and distribution system 11.3 Resistance, capacitance reactance and inductive reactance
manipulation 11.4 Definitions and relationship between various types of power, apparent power, true
power, reactive power and power factor in terms of three phase A.C. distribution

12. VOLTAGE CONTROL 04 HOURS

12.1 Voltage control by generator excitation 12.2 Booster transformers 12.3 Voltage control by power
factor 12.4 Synchronous condensers

13. ABNORMAL VOLTAGE RISE 01 HOURS

13.1 Surges 13.2 Corona

14. SWITCH GEAR AND PROTECTION 06 HOURS

14.1Reactors and capacitors 14.2 Circuit breaker, types, principle of arc extinction auto reclosure,
advantages of SF6 circuit breaker 14.3 Switch gear for auxiliary power supply system, low voltage switch
gear 14.4 Fuses, types and their application, H.R.C. Fuse 14.5 Relays, types; attracted armature type,
induction disc type, induction cup type, balanced beam Type, static over current relay 14.6 Neutral
grounding 14.7 Protection against over voltages due to lighting 14.8 Protection of alternators 14.9
Protection of generator and transformer unit 14.10 Busbar, feeder and transmission 14.11 Line
protection
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BOOKS:

 A course in Electrical Power by Soni, Gupta& Bhatnagar  Generation, transmission and utilization of
electrical energy by A.T. Starr  Switch gear and protection by Suni Rao (1996)  Modern Power Plant
engineering by Jain  Instructional materials for power plant and utility training (OMG)  Power Plant
Engineering by Black & Vertch (1996)

Video cassette, Student Books, Instructor guides

POW 100 Introduction to transmission and distribution system

POW 101 Substations and layout

POW 103 High voltage AC Power Part (I)

POW 104 High Voltage AC Power Part (II)

POW 107 Safety in substation and switcyards

POW 108 Transformer Part I

POW 110 Circuit Breaker (Part I)

POW 112 Capacitors and reactors

POW 114 Relays Part I

POW 115 Relays Part II

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NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION