che 3 Plant Kingdom + Astificiol system of classification - Bu Cazolus Linnaeus , based On andzoecium Structuze and Negetative chavactess: * Natuvat System of classification- - Based on Natural aPpinities among oxganisms: - Included extesnal as well as LIntesnal features: - By Gesoge Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker - . Phylogenetic system of classification - - Based on evolutionasy zelatonships between the Nazious osganisms: - By Engle* and Prantl - “NE B Hutchison Numezicol TELYS by SHEENU - Caxzsied out using Computers: - Based on all obsexvable chasacteristes: ned numbes and - Data paocessed aftex assig codes to all the chawactess: axacter gets equal importance AdNantages —> Each ch hawactexzs can be considesed- and a numbex of © Cyto taxonomy ¢ - Based on cytological infow mat ons: - Grive impoztance 4o chromosome number > Steuctvre and behaviour: bea Chlove phyll - bearing i simple sae and \axgely aquatic oxganisms: Importance of Algae - A> Half of otal caxbon dioxide Sixotion on eavth is cazvied out by Algae: 2. Incsease dissolved x4 Ger \evel in theix enVisonment: 3- Many species of Pow phyro > Laminavia and Saxgassum etc axe used as Food es - obtained From Gelidivm and (nsacilazia- PAD DAA e— Chiozella and Spisvlina = a vsed even by Space tvav elles- Be unicellular Alga sich in Paotein ov (ee Phacophyceae F Rhodo (Brown Algae) \ Chiosophyce® (Green A\gae)4: chlowophyceae *® Giseen Algae: © Main Pigment > chlosophyl\ a and b- © Cell wall: Innes layer ~ cellulose Outer layer - Pectose besides Stawch: located in chiosoplast- as» Nlolvox > Ulothsix. ° Pysenoids contain psotein e Pigment and Pyzenoids axe Example 7 chiamydomen Spis ° gus a an NEET FLYS by SHEENU @ Bsown Algae > chiosophyll asc» fucoxanthin e Main Pigment Cavotenoids and yanthophylis: dé chaaay ®@ cell wall: Cellulose with Gelatnous coating of Algin- @ Has CLaminazian and Mannitol) - complex Cas porydsate as sesewve food Makexial- e Body awisible into hold fast ‘ spe and fzond Example Ectocasbus, Dichjotd Cees Sazgassum » Fucus: REE 3- Rhodophyceae e Red A\gae @ Main Pigment => Chlowophyll asay phycoe sythain @ Found on sustace as well gzeat deb ths thy ocean:@ Cell wall : Cellulose Pectin and Poly Sulbhate Estess- ca ® Resesve Food Matexial Flowidean Stach. : a> Pow bhyso , Example > Polysiphor’ (nvacilaxia and Gelidium- Repwoduction in Algae Rebsodtchanice By Fxagmentation: °N egetatve soducton — Fla el\ated Zoospores + Asexual Reb in chlosophy ceae » Biflagellated Zoospoxes vile spozes in in Phaeophycece » By non- me Rhodophyceae: e Sexual Repsoduction — Lsoqamovs > Anisogamous chlozophyceae and oy 00 gamous in peophyceat: < Amphibians of Plant kingdom. 2. Ocevs in damb> humid and Shaded places: stems and Leaves: 3: Lack Tsve voots, Fe iain blant body is haploid and thallus like (Paostsate ow Evect) Economic importance —7 Food fox Hex baceous Animals Ba Loic SisBryophytes Fivcesnonts 7 NEET.FLYS by SHEENU + Lives worsts 4: The Plant body of o \iveswost is Hnalloid eae Mazchantia: 2. Asexvol Repsodyction im \ineswost takes place by Exagmentaiion of Thali, o& by ne fos maton of specalized Stvuctus ee cated emma e: * Mosses 4: The predominant Srage of *he Uke cy dle o& a Moss is Whe qamexo Phy which gonsisto ye” stages: Jonema Fisst Stage 7 Pro Second stage 7 Leaky stage jegerorive epsoduction in Mosses. Fion and budding iSq tne Sex osgans anthesi dia 3. In Sexual Reproduction , duced at the apex of and axchegonia axe Pe the leafy shoots: Polytzichum and Sphagnum. Examble > Funavia> Al Ptewido bhytes YS by SHEENU A> Fiss* esvestaial Plants: - Prefers cool, damb and Shady places t0 Gaisown aS ownamentals- Used Low Medicinal Puspose as soil-blindess: pozophyte which is gow: uray Nain plant body isa’ s dittewentiated into tsve soots, Stems ana \eanes: 6- Leaves ™ be Smal\ (micsophylts) asin Selaginella ow \asge Lmac¥o phylls) as in Ferns. The sposophytes beaw Spom pike ee -\ike appendages called + subtended bY leaf sposophy lis Usposophy! ray be axzanged +o Loom stsobili oF Cones a Sposangia produce Spowes by meine in Spowe mother Cell: . thalloid q: Spose gesminate +o foum hebtord gametoph ytic dsee- living J gtsuctuse Called psothallus, which is Small and mostly Photosynthetic: “eeeas The Male gametes weleased fwo! to 4ne mouth of ax chegonivm * nae Fusion of male gamete with the oa in axchegonium sesult in the fosma of Ly gore: + Homospovous > A\\ the Spowes ave of similay kinds: 30% Sposeam ymnaceo (lage) . Hereso sposovs > Two Kin and micso (small) Na and Salvinia- e-g- Selagine Seed habit 7 Development of the zygotes into oung embsyes take place within the Remale qametophytes: This event is o e ana *his is an i + wsecussor to seed habit m postant step in ENolution- res classi Ried into 4: clageese W A Psilopsida (Psilotem) | ; 2 Lyco pside (selaginelle x Ae 3° Sphenopsida (Eo u- Prevop sid 2 PrewidobhGymnospesms- . Gymnosperms awe those plants in which the ovoles axe not enclosed by any Ovary wall and yemain exposed » both befove and after few tilization. : Sequoia - one of the tallest tree Spedes: © Stems axe branched (Pinus, Cedwus) 0% undranchedleyco ss ° GAymospesms ave hetewoSposous » they produce haploid micxospowes and megaspores - © Theis soot axe tapsoots which ave in Fungah assodation in the fom of myco ehiza while in some othe plants Some Spedalized xoots which ave called coval\loid zoots which ase assodated with nitsogen- Fixing C4anobacteria- e Male cone has micxos pozo phylis which beay Mico Spozan ia having micvos poses which develob into weduce game to phyte called Pollen geain. Female cone has Megasposophylis which bear oegaspoxargia having megasposes which ave enclosed within tne me gas poxangium (nvcellus) © one Megaspose develops into female gameto phyte beaxing two os moze aschegonia- © Pollen gzains cazzied in aix cussents weach ovules , fsom pollen tube which zeach aschegonia and selease male gamete which Pestilize eqq cell and foum Zygote which Pwoduce embsoys . Ovules develop into Seed’ which awe not covered. e bee gmallest Angiospesm > wolptia . ANE E EELS ver 400 metwe AVS, b S SHE es (pivided inte two classes) y Mono cotyledons [have one cotyledon) Dicotyledons (have two cotyledons) n in Flowes - Stamen gan in Flowex - pis Hl Jament and anthes- \\en grains: nd OVA%Y- Ovasy has e Male Sex O%ga @ Female Sex oF @ Stamen has fi Anthes bear Po e PiSh\ has Stigma > style a ovule in which Remale gametophyte Lembayo Sac) Wanna Anan develops: | Embayo Sac has a \) thoee celled egg apparatus -one land t4: Haplontic Life cycle Meiosis in the zygote wesvlts haploid sposes: ’ The haploid spoxes divide mito Jameto phyte: The dominant» photosynthetic phase in Sech plants is the fvee living gametophyte » in the foxmation of ically and fowm the Example — Nolvox , Spisoqyza Some spedes amydomonas: NEET FLYS'by SHEENU Grametophyte hase: Shost, Repzesented by Single to few celled habloid-qametophyte (Pollen [ Embayo Sac) Spowophyte Phase: Longe and Dominant LDiploid) Example => A\l Seed bearing plants ( Giymnospesms and Angiospexms) Fucua- 2a Hablo - diplontic life cycle Both haploid and diploid phase ave scellulax and mostly vee living in this rye - Bayophytes and Pteridophytes axe Examples -STRESS “+ handle uccess xf ov can cane manage S You