Marvin Dexter M.

Cabañero, LPT
Rizal ‘s Exile in Dapitan
 July 17, 1892 – Rizal, together with his guard Captain
Ricardo Carnicero, arrived in Dapitan.

 Rizal was given the choice to live in the house of

the parish priest, Fr. Antonio Obach or at
Carnicero’s house

 He could live in the priest’s quarters only if:

 he publicly retracted his Masonic and antichurch beliefs
 he regularly participate in church rites
 he conduct himself as a good Spanish subject and a man of
religion

 Rizal made him a bust and composed a poem in his

honor A Don Ricardo Carnicero on his birthday on
August 26, 1892

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Life in Talisay
 Both men betted on the lottery and won 20,000 pesos
 Lottery Ticket Number: 9736

 He used his money to build an octagonal house made

up of bamboo and nipa in Talisay

 Rizal built a school and accepted students with no

tuition

 The other part was used for his eye clinic

 He also built a house for the ladies in his family who

were free to visit him in Dapitan

 Carnicero also wrote a letter to Governor General to

allow his mother and sisters to join him in Dapitan
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Life in Talisay
 May 4, 1893 – Carnicero was replaced by Captain
Juan Sitges

 He did not want living with a deportee

 He assigned Rizal to live in a house near the

headquarters

 The Jesuits sent is old professor at the Ateneo, Fr.

Francisco de Paula Sanchez – to entice him back to
the Church

 He helped clean up the plaza of Dapitan and lit it up

at night with coconut oil lamps

 Rizal fell in love with the eighteen-year old Josephine

Bracken
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 Life in Talisay
 Rizal and Josephine tried to have themselves married in
Catholic rites but Fr. Obach required that Rizal retract his
beliefs

 Rizal’s relatives and friends looked at Josephine with

suspicion and condescension

 Pablo Mercado – a spy of the friars who posed as Rizal’s

relative (Florencio Namaan – his true name)

 Pio Valenzuela – an emissary of Andres Bonifacio

 he was asking for advice on how to launch a revolution
 he offered to have the Katipunan assist him in escaping
from Dapitan

 Rizal objected to the projected revolution, the

revolutionaries must have enough arms and weapons

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The End of the Dapitan Exile
 When Rizal heard the news that Spain is need of
physicians who would serve in Cuba, which was then
fighting for its independence, Rizal volunteered in
1895

 Governor General Ramon Blanco – he approved the

request of Rizal on July 1, 1896

 At the midnight of that day, he left aboard the steamer

España

 The townspeople of Dapitan wept because they

considered Rizal as a good son and neighbor

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 August 6, 1896 – upon arriving in Manila Bay, Rizal
was not able to leave immediately for Spain since
the vessel Isla de Luzon already left

 He was transferred to Spanish cruiser Castilla and

stayed there for a month from August 6 to
September 2, 1896

 August 19, 1896 – the Katipunan plot to overthrow

the Spanish rule by means of revolution, it was
discovered by Fr. Mariano Gil after Teodoro Patino’s
disclosure of organization’s secrets

 At that time, Katipunan was already discovered and

the Philippine Revolution was already raging

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 In the afternoon, Governor General Blanco
proclaimed a state of war in the first eight provinces
for rising arms against Spain
 Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna,
Pampanga, Nueva Ecija and Tarlac

 Rizal received letters from Governor General Blanco

which absolved him from all the blame for the
raging revolution

 He transferred to Isla de Panay which was sailing

for Barcelona, Spain

 Don Pedro Roxas advised Rizal to stay and take

advantage of the protection of British Law

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Arrest and Trial
 September 30 – the Isla de Panay had already sailed past Port
Said in Egypt and was now sailing in the Mediterranean

 A telegraphic message was received ordering that Rizal be

placed under arrest

 Bernardino Nozaleda – Archbishop of Manila who clamored for

the arrest of Rizal who was said to be the spirit of Philippine
Revolution

 October 3 – the Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona and Rizal

was sent to a prison-fortress, Montjuich Castle

 Rizal’s interview with Despujol he would be shipped back to

Manila

 On the night of the same day, after the interview, Rizal was
taken aboard the Colon which was loaded with Spanish troops
sailed for Manila
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 Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez – they exerted all their
efforts to find a lawyer in Singapore who could aid their friend

 Attorney Hugh Fort – an English lawyer in Singapore

 Unfortunately, Chief Justice Lionel, the judge in Singapore denied

the request

 November 3, 1896 – the Colon arrived in Manila Bay and Rizal was
taken to Fort Santiago

 November 20, 1896 – Rizal was brought before a Spanish military

tribunal headed by Colonel Francisco Olive

 Fifteen documents were used as evidence against him

 Oral testimonies were taken and were used to implicate Rizal in

the Philippine Revolution

 It was decided that there was prima facie evidence against Rizal

 Governor General appointed Captain Rafael Dominquez to

institute charges against Rizal 10
15 Documents used as evidence against Rizal
1. A letter from Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce dated Ocotober 16, 1888 Madrid, showing
Rizal’s connection with the reform movement in Spain;
2. A letter of Rizal to his family dated August 20, 1890 Madrid, stating that the deportations are
good and the people will grow to hate Spanish tyranny;
3. A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Deodato Arellano dated January 7, 1889 Madrid,
implicating Rizal with the Propaganda Movement in Spain;
4. A poem entitled Kundiman allegedly written by Rizal in which Spain is alluded as a despot
and the Philippines is its slave and it prays for someone who could free her from her
bondage;
5. A letter of Carlos Oliver to an unidentified person, September 18, 1891, Barcelona stating that
Rizal was the man who could free the Philippines from the oppression of Spain;
6. A Masonic document dated February 9, 1892 honoring Rizal’s patriotic achievements.
7. A letter signed “Dimasalang” (Rizal’s pseudonym) to Ten Luz (Juan Zulueta’s pseudonym)
dated May 24, 1892 Hong Kong stating that he was preparing for a safe haven for Filipinos
who may be deported by Spanish authorities;
8. A letter signed Dimasalang to an unidentified committee dated June 1, 1892 Hong Kong
soliciting the aid of the committee for “patriotic work;”

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9. An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of the Hong Kong Telegraph sensuring the
banishment of Rizal to Dapitan;
10. A letter of Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated September 17, 1892 saying that the Filipinos look up
to Rizal as their savior;
11. A letter of Rizal Segundo, dated September 17, 1893 informing an unidentified correspondent
of the arrest and deportation of Doroteo Cortes and Ambrosio Salvador;
12. A letter of Marcelo H. del Pilar to Juan A. Tenluz (Juan Zulueta) recommending the
establishment of a special organization, independent of the Freemasonry to help the Filipino
people;
13. A transcript of the speech of Pinkian (Emilio Jacinto) in a meeting of the Katipunan on July 23,
1893 in which the following cry was reportedly uttered “Long live the Philippines! Long Live
Liberty! Long live Dr. Jose Rizal! Unity!
14. Transcript of a speech of Tik-Tol (Jose Turiano Santiago) during the same Katipunan meeting in
which the Katipunan shouted “Long Live the Eminent Dr. Jose Rizal! Death to the oppressor
nation!”
15. A poem by Laon Laan (Rizal) entitled A Talisay in which he makes the Dapitan schoolboys sing
that they know how to fight for their rights.

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 Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade – the lawyer of Jose Rizal and brother of his former bodyguard
Jose Taviel de Andrade

 December 13 – the case was forwarded to Governor General Camilo de Polavieja –

replacement of Governor Blanco

 Rizal’s actual trial began on December 26, 1896 and it was held at the Hall of Banners of the
Cuartel de España in Fort Santiago

 Rizal was charged with three crimes: rebellion, sedition and formation of illegal associations

 In defending himself, Rizal presented twelve arguments

 The court judged Rizal guilty for the charges and voted for the death penalty

 December 28, 1896 – Governor General Polavieja signed Rizal’s death warrant ordering him
to be shot at 7:00 o’clock in the morning at Bagumbayan

 Rizal signed it saying that he was innocent

Rizal presented twelve arguments
1. Could not be guilty of rebellion because he told to the Katipunan emissary Dr. Valenzuela not to
rise a revolt;
2. That he did not correspond with the revolutionists;
3. That the revolutionists used his name without his knowledge and that if he were guilty he would
have escaped in Singapore;
4. If he had a hand in the revolution he would have escaped and he would not have built a home, a
hospital and bought lands in Dapitan;
5. If he was head of the revolution why was he not consulted by the revolutionists?
6. Rizal said that the La Liga Filipina was not revolutionary organization but a civic organization;
7. La Liga Filipina did not last long after he was deported to Dapitan;
8. If La Liga Filipina was reorganized after his deportation he did not know about it;
9. La Liga Filipina did not serve the objectives of the revolutionists otherwise why the revolutionists
did replace it with the Katipunan?
10. If it was true there were bitter contents in Rizal’s letters, it was because they were written when
his family was evicted from their lands and were persecuted by the authorities;
11. His life in Dapitan was exemplary and the politico-military leaders and the missionaries can attest
to that;
12. Finally, it was not true that the revolution was inspired by his speech in the house of Doroteo
Ongjunco. Rizal asked why did it send an emissary to him in Dapitan who was unknown to him. The
ones who knew him surely knew that he would never sanction to any violent movement.

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Rizal’s Final Days
 Rizal was transferred to the prison chapel

 Fr. Miguel Saderra Mata, Rector of the Ateneo Municipal and Fr. Luis Viza

 Fr. Viza brought the image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus

 Fr. Antonio Rosell – he ate breakfast with Rizal

 Lt. Taviel de Andrade – also arrived and Rizal thanked him for his gallant
services

 Fr. Balaguer – he remained with Rizal around noon

 At the three o’clock in the afternoon, Fr. Balaguer returned and tried to
persuade Rizal to retract his Masonic beliefs but Rizal remained firm

 After he left, Rizal’s mother and sisters arrived

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 Rizal gave an alcohol stove to Trinidad which was a gift from
Pardo de Tavera and whispered to her in English “There is
something inside”

 He also told her to look inside his shoes after he is executed

 After his family left, Fathers Vilaclara and Balaguer again

arrived to convince Rizal to retract

 By eight in the evening, Fr. Balaguer returned with Fr. Viza and
again talked with Rizal on religious matters. At this point, they
were joined by Fiscal Gaspar Castaño of the Royal Audiencia

 At around 10:00, a draft of retraction arrived from Archbishop

Bernandino Nozaleda

 Another draft of retraction was made by Fr. Pio Pi – the superior

of the Jesuit Mission in the Philippines

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 At 11:30, Rizal signed his retraction from the
Freemasonry and it was witnessed by Juan del
Fresno – the Chief of the guard detail and the
Adjutant of the Plaza Elroy Moure

 After signing, Rizal had confession with Fr. Vilaclara

and rested afterwards

 At 5:00 am, Rizal had his last breakfast, autographed

his remaining books which became his last
souvenirs

 Fr. Balaguer – he performed the marriage rites of

Rizal and Josephine

 Rizal gave a book to Josephine, Imitacion de Cristo

by Thomas Kempis which he autographed

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 Afterwards, he wrote three farewell letters: to Parents, Dr. Blumentritt and
Paciano

 At around 6:30, Rizal was taken from cell and the march to Bagumbayan began

 A colonel took Rizal to the site of his execution

 Rizal had requested the firing squad to spare his head which was granted

 He also requested to be shot at his front, but it was denied

 Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo took Rizal’s pulse and found that it was normal

 The commanding officer ordered his men to aim by means of his saber and there
was a simultaneous crack of gunfire and Jose Rizal made one last effort to drop
on his back with his face facing the sun

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 The Spanish spectators shouted Viva
España!

 The military band played Marcha de Cadiz

 Rizal’s body was secretly buried at Paco

Cemetery where later it was traced by his
sister

 The remains of Rizal’s were cleaned in

Higino Mercado’s house in Binondo and
were given to Doña Teodora

 His remains were laid to rest inside the

Rizal monument in Luneta

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THANKS!

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