The number of slides = 10-15 slides, 8-10 minutes

The presentation consists of:

1) Frontpage - UMS logo, your name, matric no. and, a title

2) Outline

3) Background of the case study/ Introduction

4) Design of Experiment

5) Results

6) Conclusion and Discussion

 Experiemental unit // the block size- number of each block – smallest entity
- Undergoes separate treatment
 Block- brp kotak – 3 rasanya
 Treatment – is something the researcher administers to experiemental unit.
-apa yg lain2 utk di compare:
- drug – drug a n drug b
- legume
 Sampling unit- singular value. - a single legume
 Factor
 Replication
 Experiemental error
 Treatment design

CRBD

- The purpose of blocking is to reduce the experimental error by eliminating the contribution
of known sources of variation among the experimental units.
- Block size = the number of treatments

legumes treatments

velvetbean

jackbean

jumbiebean

Wild tamarind

2 techniques used:

METHOD// preparation

 Bioassays
 1. In vitro bioassays with seeds. – Data were analysed w the ANOVA and
Turkey’s test.
2. With Nematode Larvae - To evaluate the effect of aqueous leachates (1%) of
the four legumes on the survival of phytopathogenic nematodes.
Treatments were: leachates (1%) from velvetbean, jackbean, jumbiebean, and wild
tamarind leaves, and distilled water was used as control.
- Results were analysed by ANOVA

3. With Nemataode-Infested seedings

Treatments were: leachates (1%) from velvetbean, jackbean, jumbiebean, and wild tamarind leaves,
and distilled water was used as control.

- Results were analysed by ANOVA

4. With insects – result table 4

–to evaluate the toxic effect of legumes (kekacang) on army worm (insect)
EXPERIEMENTAL UNIT : Army worm
-The treatments were as follows: Control (distilled water) and aqueous leachates (1 and 2%)
of:
1. velvetbean,
2. jackbean
3.jumbiebean
4.wild tamarind leaves

- The data analysed from individual legume should be used.

- The bioassay set up in a complete randomised block design with 3 repetitions.

- result analysed by ANOVA.

 Greenhouse experiement 1
1. GE 1------- to evaluate the effect of the legume dried leaves as mulches in
potting soil, on the number and biomass of weeds growing spontaneously
from the seed bank of the soil, and on the biomass of tomato plants
2. -The objective of this experiment was to test the effect of the water
collected from mulch-treated pots on the radicle growth of alegrı´a and
barnyardgrass.
3. Bioassays were performed in a randomised complete block design with 4
repetitions.
- Exp. Unit- soil
- Treatment- legumes
- 12 TREATMETS:
1. Control soil 1 + vermiculite (1%)
2. Control soil 1 + vermiculite (2%)
3. Soil + 1 velvetbean (1%)
4. Soil + 1 velvetbean (2%)
5. Soil + 1 jackbean (1%)
6. Soil + 1 jackbean (2%)
7. Soil + 1 jumbiebean (1%)
 8. Soil + 1 jumbiebean (2%)
9. Soil + 1 wild tamarind (1%)
10. Soil + 1 wild tamarind (2%)
11. Soil + 1 vermiculite (1%) + 1 herbicide (LD)
12. Soil + 1 vermiculite (2%) + 1 herbicide (RD)

 GE 2 ------- to evaluate the effects of velvetbean and jackbean used as mulches on

the survival of nematodes in tomato-infested plants.
- RCBD with 6 repetitions.
- Result analysed with ANOVA

Army worm

Field Experiement- . To evaluate the effect of the four legumes on weed growth and on corn yield

- Exp. Unit – weed growth and corn yield

- Treatment- different types of legumes used with.
- Corns were used

Treatments:
1. Corn with velvetbean
2. Corn with jackbean
3. Corn with jumbiebean
4. Corn with wild tamarind
5. Corn with herbicide (Paraquat)
6. Corn weeded by hand
7. Plots without corn weeded by
hand

RESULT

- In vitro bioassays with seeds

- Ten seeds randomly selected from the sample of the seed
- 4 repetitions were used per treatment in a CRBD
RCBD

1. Bioassays wit insects - table 4

- . Table 4 summarized the effects of leaves leachates of the four legumes onthe survival of
Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. Velvetbean and jumbiebean had some toxic effect on
Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, whereas jackbean and wild tamarind treatments had no effect
at all.

2. Greenhouse experiement 1- fig 1

- we only present the result of the effects of the 4 mulch legumes at 2% proportion on the number r
of weeds (Fig. 1), because this proportion showed clearly the influence of each treatment on weed
dynamics during this 6-wk greenhouse experiement. .

-During the first week of treatment, only velvetbean and the herbicide treatment were significantly
different from each other.

-The 2nd week revealed three significantly different groups of treatment:

1. a- velvetbean and jackbean exhibiting the lowest number of weed

2. ab- jumbiebean and control with a medium weed number

3. b- herbicide and wild tamarind, with the highest weed number.

- Third and 4th weeks exhibited the same significantly different two groups of treatment with
velvetbean, jackbean, and jumbiebean treatments, showing the least amount of weeds compared
with the control, herbicide, and wild tamarind treatments group.

-In the 5th and 6th weeks, the number of in the control treatment was significantly higher than
those in remaining treatments, with herbicide consistently showing the lowest number of weeds.

-these result suggest that velvetbean and jackbean were more effective weed-suppressing mulches

3. Field experiement
- The field experiment has clearly established groups of treatment based on their inhibitory effect on
to weed growth: (i) velvetbean was the best weed controller, (ii) the remaining legumes, the hand-
weeded plots were good weed controllers, and (iii) hand-weeded plots without corn was the least
weed control treatment and contained the highest biomass of weeds (665.2 g/m2 in 1998, Fig. 3).