CE 452

Transportation Engineering Sessional I:

Highway Materials and Traffic Engineering Design
(1.50 credits)
 Experiment No: 04

Determination of Flakiness Index

(BS: 812: 1975 (PART 1, 2, 3))
 Aggregate particles are classified as flaky when they have a thickness (smallest
dimension) of “less than 0.6” of their nominal size
•Nominal size is the mean of the limiting sieve apertures used for determining the size fraction
•The flakiness index of an aggregate sample is found by expressing the mass of flaky particles
as a percentage of the mass of the sample tested

The standard test shall be made

on aggregate passing a 63.0 mm
BS test sieve and retained on a
6.30 mm BS test sieve.

Oven Dry sample is used for the test.

 Table 1:Data for Determination of Flakiness Index

Aggregate size-fraction Nominal Size:

Width of slot in
BS test sieve nominal aperture Minimum mass
thickness gauge 63.0+50.0
size
or special sieve
for Subdivision ( )𝑚𝑚
2
100 % passing 100 % retained
= 𝟓𝟔. 𝟓 𝒎𝒎
63.0 50.0 33.9 ± 0.3 50

50.0 37.5 26.3 ± 0.3 35

37.5 28.0 19.7 ± 0.3 15

Minimum Thickness:
28.0 20.0 14.4 ± 0.15 5
56.5 ∗ 0.6 𝑚𝑚
20.0 14.0 10.2 ± 0.15 2

14.0 10.0 7.2 ± 0.1 1 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟗 𝒎𝒎

10.0 6.3 4.9 ± 0.1 0.5

 Thickness Gauge
Nominal Aperture Sizes
63.0
50.0
37.5
28.0
20.0
14.0
10.0
6.30

We use “special sieves” instead of the thickness gauge for our experiment
 Apparatus

Sample Divider
10.2 mm special sieve 14.4 mm special sieve 6.30 mm sieve

Ventilated Oven
Balance 7.2 mm special sieve 4.9 mm special sieve 10.0 mm sieve

63.0 mm sieve 50.0 mm sieve 37.5 mm sieve 28.0 mm sieve 20.0 mm sieve 14.0 mm sieve
Procedure:

• Carry out a sieve analysis

• Discard all aggregates retained on the 63.0 mm test sieve and all aggregate passing the 6.30
mm test sieve

• Weigh each of the individual size-fractions retained on the sieves, other than the 63.0 mm BS
test sieve

Store them in
separate trays
with their size
marked on the
trays.
 Procedure:
Table 2:Data Sheet for Determination of Flakiness Index
• From the sums of the masses of
Sieve Size Weight of Material Percentage of Material Flaky Particles the fractions in the trays (M1),
(mm) Retained (gm) Retained (rounded) (gm)
calculate the individual
63 percentage retained on each of
50 the various sieves.
37.5 • Using the special sieves, select
28 the special sieve appropriate to
20 the size-fraction under test.
14 • Place the whole of the size-
10 fraction into the sieve and
6.3 shake the sieve until the
𝑀1 = 𝑀2 = 𝑀3 (F) = majority of the flaky particles
F.I. (%)= have passed through the slots.
Then gauge the particles
retained by hand.
Discard any fraction whose mass is 5% or less of mass
• Combine and weigh all the
M1 while recording the mass remaining (M2 ). particles passing each of the
gauges (M3).
 Calculation:
Table 2:Data Sheet for Determination of Flakiness Index
• 𝑀1 = (2542+414+42) gm
Sieve Size Weight of Material Percentage of Material Flaky Particles
(mm) Retained (gm) Retained (rounded) (gm) = 2998 gm

63 42
• % 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 = x 100%
50 2998

37.5
= 1%
28
20 • 𝑀2 = 2542 + 414 𝑔𝑚
14 2542 85 220
10 414 14 34 =2956 gm
6.3 42 1 -
𝑀1 = 2998 𝑀2 = 2956 𝑀3 (F)= 254 • 𝑀3 = 220 + 34 𝑔𝑚
F.I. = 9% =254 gm
Express the flakiness index to the nearest whole 254
• 𝐹. 𝐼. = x 100%
2956
number
= 9%
 CE 452

Transportation Engineering Sessional I:

Highway Materials and Traffic Engineering Design
(1.50 credits)
 Experiment No: 05

Determination of Elongation Index

(BS: 812: 1975 (PART 1, 2, 3))
 Aggregate particles are classified as elongated when they have a length (greatest
dimension) of “more than 1.8” of their nominal size
•Nominal size is the mean of the limiting sieve apertures used for determining the size fraction
•The elongation index of an aggregate sample is found by expressing the mass of elongated
particles as a percentage of the mass of the sample tested

The standard test shall be made

on aggregate passing a 50.0 mm
BS test sieve and retained on a
6.30 mm BS test sieve.

Oven Dry sample is used for the test.

 Table 1:Data for Determination of Flakiness Index

Aggregate size-fraction Nominal Size:

BS test sieve nominal aperture Length gage gap Minimum mass
20.0+14.0
size between pins for Subdivision ( ) 𝑚𝑚
2
100 % passing 100 % retained
= 𝟏𝟕. 𝟎 𝒎𝒎
50.0 37.5 78.0 ± 0.3 35

37.5 28.0 59.0 ± 0.3 15

28.0 20.0 43.2 ± 0.15 5

Maximum Length:
20.0 14.0 30.6 ± 0.15 2
17.0 ∗ 1.8 𝑚𝑚
14.0 10.0 21.6 ± 0.1 1

10.0 6.3 14.7 ± 0.1 0.5 = 𝟑𝟎. 𝟔 𝒎𝒎

 Metal Length Gauge

Nominal Aperture Sizes

50.0
37.5
28.0
20.0
14.0
10.0
6.30
 Apparatus

Sample Divider
6.30 mm sieve

Balance
Length Gauge
10.0 mm sieve

Ventilated Oven 50.0 mm sieve 37.5 mm sieve 28.0 mm sieve 20.0 mm sieve 14.0 mm sieve
Procedure:

• Carry out a sieve analysis

• Discard all aggregates retained on the 50.0 mm test sieve and all aggregate passing the 6.30
mm test sieve

• Weigh each of the individual size-fractions retained on the sieves, other than the 50.0 mm BS
test sieve

Store them in
separate trays
with their size
marked on the
trays.
 Procedure:
Table 2:Data Sheet for Determination of Elongation Index
• From the sums of the masses of
Sieve Size Weight of Material Percentage of Material Elongated Particles the fractions in the trays (M1),
(mm) Retained (gm) Retained (rounded) (gm)
calculate the individual
63 percentage retained on each of
50 the various sieves.
37.5 • Select the length gauge
28 appropriate to the size fraction
20 under test and gauge each
14 particle separately by hand.
10 • Elongated particles are those
6.3 whose greatest dimension
𝑀1 = 𝑀2 = 𝑀3 (E) = prevents them from passing
E.I. (%)= through the gauge, and these
are placed to one side.
• Combine and weigh all the
Discard any fraction whose mass is 5% or less of mass
particles passing each of the
M1 while recording the mass remaining (M2 ). gauges (M3).
 Calculation:
Table 2:Data Sheet for Determination of Elongation Index
• 𝑀1 = (2542+414+42) gm
Sieve Size Weight of Material Percentage of Material Elongated Particles
(mm) Retained (gm) Retained (rounded) (gm) = 2998 gm

63 42
• % 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 = x 100%
50 2998

37.5
= 1%
28
20 • 𝑀2 = 2542 + 414 𝑔𝑚
14 2542 85 489
10 414 14 134 =2956 gm
6.3 42 1 -
𝑀1 = 2998 𝑀2 = 2956 𝑀3 (E)= 623 • 𝑀3 = 489 + 134 𝑔𝑚
E.I. = 21% =623 gm
Express the elongation index to the nearest whole • 𝐸. 𝐼. =
623
x 100%
2956
number
= 21%
 CE 452

Transportation Engineering Sessional I:

Highway Materials and Traffic Engineering Design
(1.50 credits)
 Experiment No: 06

Determination of Angularity Number

(BS: 812: 1975 (PART 1, 2, 3))
 Angularity number is determined from the “proportion of voids” in a sample of
aggregate “after compaction” in the specified manner
•The least angular (most rounded) aggregates are found to have about 33% voids
•The angularity number is defined as the amount by which the percentage of voids exceeds 33
•The angularity number ranges from 0 to about 12

The standard test shall be made

on aggregate retained between
the appropriate pair of BS test
sieves from the following list:

• 20.0 mm and 14.0 mm; 20.0 mm sieve 14.0 mm sieve

• 14.0 mm and 10.0 mm; 0.003 𝒎𝟑 cylinder

• 10.0 mm and 6.30 mm; In testing aggregates larger than 20.0 mm the volume of the
• 6.30 mm and 5.00 mm. cylinder should be greater than 0.003 𝒎𝟑 but for aggregates
smaller than 5.00 mm a smaller cylinder may be used.
 Apparatus

Balance
20.0 mm sieve 14.0 mm sieve

Ventilated Oven

Tamping Rod
0.003 𝒎𝟑 cylinder
Procedure:

• Fill the cylinder by one-third of its height

• Subject the aggregates in the cylinder to 100 blows of the tamping rod at a rate of about two
blows per second. Apply each blow by holding the rod vertical with its rounded end 50 mm
above the surface of the aggregate and releasing it so that it falls freely.

Do not apply any force to the rod

• Repeat the process filling and tamping
exactly as described above with a second and
third layer of aggregate

Evenly distribute • After the third layer of aggregate has been

100 blows tamped, fill the cylinder to overflowing and
strike off the aggregate level with the top,
using the tamping road as a straight-edge.
Procedure:

• Add individual pieces of aggregate and roll them in, to the surface by rolling the tamping rod

• Continue this finishing process as long as the aggregate doesn’t lift the rod off the edge of the
cylinder on either side

Do not force down the aggregate

• Make three separate determinations.
Calculate the mean mass (mass M) of the
aggregate in the cylinder.

Weigh the aggregate • If the result of any one determination differs

to the nearest 5 gm from the mean by more than 25 gm, three
additional determinations shall immediately
be made on the same material.
 Calculation:
Table 1:Data Sheet for Determination of Angularity Number
(4689+4680+4695)
• M= gm
3
Mass of Aggregate in the Cylinder Mean Mass of Aggregate in the
(gm) Cylinder, M (gm) = 4688 gm

4689 • (4689-4688) gm=1 gm <25 gm

4680 4688 • (4688-4680) gm=8 gm<25 gm

4695 • (4695-4688) gm=7 gm<25 gm

Water Required to fill the Cylinder, C (gm) = 2655 100𝑀

• 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 67 −
𝐶𝐺𝐴
Relative Density of the Aggregate (oven dry basis), GA = 2.95
100∗4688
= 67 −
2655∗2.95
Angularity Number = 7

Express the angularity number to the nearest whole = 7

number