middle class people are now not illiterate

before them only religious figures

earn money
main of the story-realism
self-made man concept
middle class people as reader as writer
bad position-high social standing - protestant ethics-work hard save ur life
when defoe writed robinson crusoe,it was not realistic novel--------instead real
story
verisimilitude
samuel richardson-letter reader and writer
henry field -jonathan swift-satiric
laurence sterne-Tristram shandy
middle class-happiest state in the world
industrial revolution-machinery-from town to city
urbanisation
british empire-colonize -discover the world-a lot of wealth-too many different
people-write about them
early novels-moralistic didactic-character based (one character and focuses on him
even in title)-verisimilitude
spiritual belief
late 18th century gothic novels
inner psychological issues-dark side of human nature
not directly messages
early 19 th century
jane austen-mocking nature-satire-expose and mock follies of the age
characteristic 19th novel-character based-reproduction of life-setting-social
conscience-inner side
20 th century characteristic-psychology-inner world-stream of consciousness
nonlinear-darker side (world war)
-questions of existence of god-moral relativism-situational ethics-point of view-
narrative voices
-setting used symbolically
the existence of schools
urbanisation-democratisation-industrialisation
periodicals
coffeehouse-penny universities
even intellectual people attends
rise of science-- science fiction
aphra behn-first of the writers who earns money from his writings-spy-we are not
sure about her real name and her husband
maybe she created this surname in order to be respected by society
novella playwright-
charles 2 -rebirth of art-woman to act on stage for the first time
global trade- mariner stories-oronooko-crusoe-be aware of what's going out on the
world-
rise of prose-essays
hack work:gündelik yazı işleri
grub street:Hire person to write something-earn money for writing
behn's support for charles 2 could be seen in oroonoko
travel narrative and crebility
a true history
memoir ,travel,biography
argument about slavery
royal slave
it is not ordinary person
slavery
reliability-credibility-önsöz
actual places
-------
aphra behn
biography uncertain
debtor's prison
backlash for being female
personal narrative style-sometimes I language, sometimes another.When he explains
her own expression he uses I ,and When she heard
she uses another
abolitionist novel ?
the first time the reader be acquainted with slaves although the main character is
a prince
what kind of lives the people experience ?
just touches
a little bit abolitionist
plot in new world
4 narrative shifts- surinam coramentian surinam surinam
why he prefer to do that ,he and I language
to convince the reader
narrative credibility
what it is necessary:historical text-true history-nonfiction
in the shape of fiction , he pretends to write a nonfiction
genre-not limited only one 4-many memoir,journey,travel
recordings,biography,medieval romance,
characterization-roundness concistencies
triangle
3 narrative method-direct description (narrator or other character describes-
represantation of internal states (reveal private thoughts -portrayal of
behavior(allow reador to draw consequences
she delineated prince in theeuropean method- superior european features
roman nose
a slave has european features
both real life and heroic romance
equivocal treatment of gender,race and class
------------------------
indian-west indies
introduce new world
in prder to helğp the reader - animals
famialirize and to very there she was there -detailed animal
adam and eve -they had no idea of sins-reference to pureness
noble savage
corruptive side of civilization
makes u question the station
adam and eve - seeing them as primitive
othering - orientalism
relions laws teach -because they dont know
master-slave relationship
tragic hero concept like oedipus
trust everyone
create similarities between roman characters-mars and venüs -ceasar
familiar elements-
only a female pen-foreshowing
naming the slave-shows ur power -I am the maker of u - you are dependent of me,
destined a slave
many wives:::oronokoo-s strong love because of that he had not many
love story - 1 man 1 woman
loyalty of oronokoo
lack of localty-when he was enslaved -
why do these people betray oronokoo- promise of freedom-falce promise-deception-
noble savage
loyalty is corrupted-morality is corrupted-
white men is responsible
we cannot see civilization without corruption
clemene
-oronoka kills imounda-honourable death-
rather than being slaved they preferred death
disturbing end-
he is cut to pieces and send to other plantations
if u rebel -then u will end like oronooko-threatening effect
to show that how the people is disciplined by the social position
I'll make the story live longer-everybody will know that story
longlasting impact of literature
judge as reader pleases-he leaves to reader to critize it and moralize
---------------
daniel defoe
dissenters:religious tendency,excluded by royalty, it is against anglican ,they are
protestans-mostly among the middle class
journalist,merchant,spy
representative of his time
took part in rebellion against james 2 and joined william of the Orange's army
political side
against monarchy and main religious sects
political pamphleeter -prison
in the form of memoirs-his style
write fiction in nonfiction way
he is writing without being there
why do we have some many religious text- because we have specifical religious
we are not sure he is the writer
how we know-because of some scholars
cover page -it is written by himself as if the writer is robinson crusoe-
writed as journals travelogues ,memoirs-
what was the reason---defoenun politikaya ve dini olaylara karışımı az satılmasını
sağlayabilirdi
ve fictious olmaması için- there is nothing which is called novel
they knew what memour is ,travel writing is , so it is familiar genre
reason repetition-treligion
common man
character development-bildungs roman - change of character
olumlu olumsuz tekrar
physical salvation
spiritual salvation-first you must have
you need to work hard-if you are saved -then you can saved by good
if u are sinner-there should be redemption and regretful situation-then you will be
saved
no racism
neden cuma karakterini yarattı
about loneliness,colonilism imperialism
king of the island- master
in order to be master you have to servant
--------
workings of journalist , difference on his writing style in details-objective
writing-realistic,objectic
first page is cover page - summary
--
robinsonade -a desert island story-castaway narrative -metaphoric meaning could
be
literary genre
-
you can create a island because you have power in there
 adalar hakkında kitap önerileri :akşit göktürk -ada --- thomas more-utopia
zülfi livaneli son ada
it symbolizes isolation
why the writers have tendency to use islands ,isolated life style ? ------- it is
perfect for creating plot structure
you can create your own structure - It is a clean start - You don't have
relationship how they are living in there
Clean start you can play there - you need to import - he brings his mentality
although it is clean start
--
money saving issue --
maybe one day I will use
money symbolizes hope
--
his own kingdom ,therefore his own currency
-
alexander selkirk - scottish privateer --
the novel is based on real story of selkirk
-
my reign,my captivity,life of sorrow
not with only one style
gives kind of hope - they can do what they want in their social
selfmade - individualism
less dependent
middle class is appreciated
-
individualism-ambition -tendency
it is kind of representation of first human who committed first sin
representation of heaven in middle class -because of sin ,he penance to live terk
edilmiş ısland-religious perspective
adventrous-colonial perspective
inner psychology -psycho analysis
-
do you remember any church and church-like building
because he is dissenters,he is more like puritan-protestant.It was protestan's
belief system
you don't have instution between you and church
implied of showing protestant's belief system
writer of preface is unknown
disobeying the fathers warnings-he commited a sin
show the nouns - capital
the professor and the mad men
body and mind issue
difficulty-god and father
indigested notion of rising my fortune
inner conflict
-
economic individualism
list of good an evil
-
full of belief full of hope
başına gelenleri kaydediyo as economic issue
-
It's like guideline for newcomers
-
journal in journal
created his own warnings
-
crowning process happened in abbeys
king is hand of god
king is the like representation of god there
british ideology
-
he is questoning life,reason
belief system brings hope
Now I understand how sinner ı WAS in my previoutimes
calling the place my house
repetition of life symbolizes like sisyphos kind of situation
I realized real meaning of happines-comparing his former life
ireland is kind of isolation in island by religious
representation of british culture
friday is eastern part
bring you civilization
robinson crusoe -friday - western part eastern part
-----------------
10.hafta
he is acting like representative english man
imperialist
he entitles himself as king-absolute power
I am defending liberty of conscience
tolerance of different types of religions
his island and his subjects
pride and prejudice
Mina urgan-jane austen
aşk ve gurur - gurur ve önyargı- for marketting-misleading
change of characters-developing characters
they are questioning themselves-self questioning and personal growth
pride mr darcy prejudice is elizabeth
first impressions
I write I know what ı know best''
jane austen-novel of manners - about the manners of high class
nobody is working in the novel
they are high class
landed gentry-landowmner-landowning class-they have income and thats come from the
land
that is rented
miss bennet try to find smth because she is in middle class
and if father dies what happened to them
satire and mocked upper class mentality
writing of novel by means of dialogue
she introduces conversation into the novel
we learn what is going on with talking issue
describing ordinary lives
''commonplace things and characters interesting from the truth of the description
and the sentiment
-exquisite touch with his own bi bow-wow approach
cassandra
'' by a lady''
comedy of manner-social satire
social realism
pride and prejudice first sentence-mocking
personality traits-impetuous elizabeth bennet and aloof mr darcy
class-money and marriage - ironic-her skillfull use of free indirect speech subtly
draws the reader into sharing the characters' perspectives
if you don't marry ,you are nothing
free indirect speech-ascribed to jane austen
the narrative voice doesn't explain everything,we learn through dialogues
great difference between social classes
how aristocracy consider other people inferior and uzaklaşmak
gentry
the manners and social behavior of yours is very depended on your character
if you are witty you are criticize much
she is writing in romantic era but she isn'T writing romantic -instead it she
writes
social realist
they are like intruder -using and manipulating social codes rather than mutiny
she doesn'T humiliate and superiorize elizabeth ,she did in equal way
elizabeth and mr darcy don't comply social conventions
,they are rebelling without rebelling
they are both subject and objects of these gossips - jane austen's characters
she doesn'T encourage passion and rebellion because she is harshly moralist
you can't travel without manly figure
grand tour
man is only defined by means of wealth he have
ordinary places ,events
describe probable reality and the kinds of people one felt one already knew-
ordinary life
realms of the possible-austen knew well
the reality that we see the reader experiences - in pride and prejudice
but in daniel dofoe -the reader cannot experience
she read 18th writers-not read her contemporaries
lack of imagination
lack of feeling-harsh character in her real life against other people
-
marriage of women is best route
in the house-the people are caged
house representative of class and coded
outdoor-nature represents freedom perosnal choices
-
social realism includes her understading-women's lives in the early 19th century
-
lady catherine de bourgh ,a woman with whom no one before
elizabeth bennet has ever disaggreed.
gentleman-representative of gentry-who did not work for his living
change in the proffessions of men
pretension of all -bingley sisters-
-
members of her own rural society tried to assert their
status and distinguish themselves from those below them
she uses paper economicly-no pharagraph-dash
--
pride-distance from other characters because they saw themselves superior
look upon-distance between classes-make incapable them indifferent character
a kind of robotic mechanic character-representative of social class he is in
- after succumbing it and mutiny - he started to feel smth , becoming more humane
---
11.hafta
2 version-narrative voice and dialogue
it is a truth universally acknowledged,that a single man in possession of a good
fortune
, must be in want of a wife
by creating the image on the reader-start
the people are seen in specific way by the society and societies exceptance about
these
characters
neighbourhood--kind of relationship to each other- gossiping rumours-closeness
genuine feelings
warm atmosphere
nerherfield park-high society
the people mostly introduced in comparison to someone-mr bingley and darcy at the
same time
difference
everybody has a kind of opposite character in the story - we understands each
character
1000-10000 although they are in social status,in real they are not
the prejudice is in the center of society
your character is decided by the society no matter how social status you are in
darcy is the proudest most disaaggreeable man
mrs bennet -realistic character and optimistic - harsh reality-she is responsible
narrative voice is emphasized thanks to dialogues
thanks to jane and elizabeths dialogues we introduce and know them
we trust their judgment
their brother's fortune and their own had been acquired by trade
gentle and merchant difference blurred
upper class-no working
seeing others as inferior
they forget their past
marriage not love
-
darcy clever,superior higher than mr bingley
always first description of characters is by class structure
economic backround and economic status
what she tries to mock and satire-her novel for social criticism
hack chaise:taxi - you don't have chariot and deficient economic status
he came there with taxi-
he hasn't talk to him because he understand that he is poor- it is prejudice
mr collins
inheritence of land - just men heir
clergy
charlotte and elizabeth are comparison-marry no matter what but other why should I
marry
necessity of marriage not questioned-marriage with whom is questioned
elizabeth-a little bit isyankar
the women should have right to choice-novel says
love means individual choice
father and mother comparison- illiterate
my own nephew
---
12.hafta
people should be aware of their roles
marriage in terms of social orders-the converation with elizabeth and darcy's aunt
I was grown up selfish - you gave me a lesson
both of them shapes other one
marriage is destructive other than marriages which are made for love
-
modern prometheus
at first - author is unknown
national theatre adaptation of frankenstein-they are parallel charactr- who is the
real monster
very similar to each other-doppelganger concept in terms of human nature
autobiogrophical side
mary shelley like frankenstein no name and she isn't accepted
she accuses herself due to mother's death
percy shelley edited
gathering in geneva
lord byron
telling ghost storie
john polidori-vampire
the narrative of adam and eve
the prometheus tale
symposium
milton's paradise lost
tree of knowledge -sin of pride
-
like faustus myth
learn from me,know your limit
warning to reader
the passion and ambition of a monster are parallel with frankenstein
if u don't evaluate what is going to next,there could be disaster
robert walton
henry clerval
-
the devil's advocate
-
when they separate themselves from the heart to pursue science,they begin
their fall into division and alienation
and when frankenstein separate monster's heart,he killed elizabeth and clerval
reading as doppelganger,externalize physical conflict
monster kills clerval and elizabeth,the two loing characters
who represent the better part of himself
-
being enlighten-knowledge - prometheus steal of light and bring the world
his liver is punished-liver represents life in the past
-
frankenstein-prometheus
punish is death of beloved ones
just as prometheus liver is eaten every day ,frankenstein's beloved ones are died
in same continuous way
--
forethought
-frankentein united three trends
the old travel tale - escape literature
the prophetic utopia - political and social reform
the science story
modern man is indeed doomed to be destroyed by his own artefacts
-technological singularity
--
the role of women as passive and dependent on men
reproductive women - ability
blank slate- tabula rasa
rousseau - we are good in beginning then we are corrupted
- society is responsible for the development of individual character
monstrosity-not because of the grotesque appearance but the unnatural manner
of his creation- not only for the creature but also for victor
not only outlooking also inner side
--
creator don't take responsibility
I am being
john locke-black slate
frankstein has problem in own life- his aim is not having child
he don't have emotion of creating something
your upbringing shapes you-later education and own actions
you cannot ask the child - are you pleased
but after childness - we can choice what we would like to do
rousseau-you have innate goodness,
mini-monsters -late morality issue
galvanism-
mysterious fear of our nature
awaken thrilling hour
her 2 aim
-
preface oku
-
luigi galvani
the effects of artificial electricity on muscular motion
to galvanize-to cause someone to suddenly take action-especially by shocking or
exciting them in some way
- to stimulate muscles by administering a shock
body snatching was very popular
in the book ,frankenstein was searching graves too
-
giovanni aldini
experimented on a corpse-claim that he would return a corpse into life
murder act-dissection to hanging
--
mixed of both science and philosophy create this
faustian scientist working in dark secrecy ostenibly for public good but largely
for personal power
and concealing all responsibility for his action
-
the system conditions them to act as servants to men-grateful for a decent arranged
marriag
warning
epistolary novel-18th century
accomplishing -succeding
all 3 of them similar-in terms of their existence and questioning
ancient mariner-kil albatros and doomed
killing albatros -what is important-change the chain of nature
-albatros is symbolic for mariner- when you kill it you change everything -your
future your destiny
harm nature
robert walton
no chronological order
how victor is defined,like a monster
he is spiritually lost ,this is his punishment
this is personal corruption- monster -victor and rest of the societies corruption
being -man but gigantic --------- second -demon
demon-supernatural,negativity comes harm comes distraction comes-
hypocrisy-he tries to keep away from the thing he created
by saying demon -we understand not related to human-supernatural
he tries to justify and save himself by calling he is demon
--
serpent to sting you
he commits sin-- he is banned the life which is heavenly,now he is in nowhere
-
chapter 1 -letter 1-2-3-4
narrator changes because of that chapter 1-chapter 1 one frankenstein
first father is explained-
it is kinda autobiogrophical-because marry shelley know much about her father
-
'I was their plaything and their idol
innocent and helpless creature
--
elizabeth like a object-possession mine.inanimate object
gift
till death she was to be mine only
çocukkan başına gleen bu şeyden sonra diğer herşeyi kendisine bağlayabiliyor
----
elizabeth eve frankenstein adam- first murder -
-
14. hafta
romanticism to realism
first person narrative structure
story in story
hidden laws of nature-unfold smth and foreshadowing
secrets of heaven and earth
natural philosophy,agrippa - alchemist
you are following improvement of science through century
he accuses his father although father warns him
the main triggering point-what glory would attend the discovery if I could banish
disease
from the human frame and render man invulnerable to any but a violent death
-
for humanity for himself how do we know this
it is for himself-he doesn'T tell anyone -doesn't share anyone about the processs
--
selfcenter
-
liberty of individuals in society- mother arranged the marriage the future
elizabeth is pacified such as monster-we don't know his family and choices
--
there is no word of scientist-later term
science -fiction is later term too
-
science-fiction is genre 1926-hugo gamsbackpublished some magazines focusing
scientifiction
h.g wells
first written in magazines
scientifiction stories not read into seriously just for fun ,for child
later after 1950 science fictions is started to be labeled as serious genre by
literary
circle
beforehand it is magazine based and not earn
-
asimov
campbell
-
to examine the causes of life,we must first have recourse to death
-
darkness-death part
frankenstein tries to warningg walton
sometimes staying in the limitation of your life is could be more beneficial than
striving for ardents
- to give life to an animal as complete and wonderful as man
--
h.g wells doctor rommo
--
he is like omnipotent god ,he think that he can do everything
he want to be gloried and appreciated-
-
father creater concept
the process isnot explained , it is like a sudden
no galvanism side of it -but philosophical
science-fiction -possible results -human nature part
description of monster-first of all beautiful-but doesn'T say explicit what is
beautiful
beautiful is accomplishment and moment
later monster is discusting-monstrosity
this monstrosity is victor's own monstrosity against nature
-
cowardnes-he cannot confess
who is the real monster
who is responsible for murder and monster
-
henry fuseli the nightmare elizabeth's death
1781
-the monster is selflearned such as mary shelley
-
this knowledge and education is it something that imprude u or destroy you
human nature human soul human conscious
--
what was I instead of Who was I -
What am I just a mechanic being who comes to classrom etc or who am I
------
15.hafta
we are hearing the story walton , frankenstein,and monster
looking for a companion-
learned behaviour
he is wretched one by compared to other ones
the monster is an example of human being who is learned - who is educated -who is
reading-etc
mary shelley -she describes herself here-the monster is mary shelley rom that
perspective -both of them are self educated
full of revenge,I am wretched and solely but he who is responsible for everything
live happily.
servant-master-obey
last victim-there is nothing beyond that which make frankenstein happy
-
charles dickens-Boz
victorian era writer-social realist novel-social critical perspective of the
victorian era
christmas carroll
dirty part of victorian era
one of the writers who mentioned this situations life conditions
if we are deprived of something,it is our responsibility - İnsan hatalarından kendi
sorumludur
david copperfield
he worked in a factory when he was child
his novels are not published as a novel
there are some chapters and all of the chapters has a title.It is like a episode in
tv series-detailed title-.each chapters has a own story
monthly installments will be novel in the end
bleak house-great expectations-our mutual friend
he was reading and performing public readings
whatever the conditions are -good always survive
there are a lot of bad people around oliver twist -but he is always the pure ,naive
character
the misery of workhouses,the morally corasive effects of poverty and the
degradation of life in victorian slums
criminality-child thieves
city tainted by social deprivation
oliver twist good figure always
ask for more food
new poor law-poor law amendment act
it gives accommodation and you will work-
gender-divided wards
conditions so poor that only desperation drove people to seek refuge there
the workhouse system--prison system-so deterrent for people they don't want to be
there
slash expenditure on poverty by setting up a cruelly deterrent regime-government
intention
sounds good but prison
ilk paragraf oliver twist
viciousness of guardians
ones in the athority abuse the system
names-oliver twist -twist of fate
hard times-names are representative in his novels
characters are either good or bad - not in the middle
the only character both good and bad is nancy-innate goodness but environment of
her made him bad
she helps oliver in a way
representative of destructiveness of society-nancy
created an iamge whre the low classes people of life the main issue of the whole
novel
aware of the inhumanity of city life
the author succeeds in calling forth the reader's sympathy for the down-trodden
people of the lower classes
the happy ending of the oliver twiwst's life shows dickens's optimistic belief in
the inevitable
triumph or good over evil
dickens' belief that the social problem would be settled if only every employer
followed
the example set by good gentlement like brownlow
shared duty of ourselves,helping those orphans
each chapter entitle like a story,- all the details are already given -in order to
grab the attention of reader by giving a kind of clue to you
this clue will help them to read the story-the reader know what they except and
would read