TOPIC 3 - Data Knowledge Organiser Quizlets “03 Data…”

Number Bases Characters Sound Compression

- Binary – base 2 - Character sets - Analogue to Digital - Algorithms and formats
- Denary – base 10 - Definition - Metadata - Lossy (JPEG/MP3…)
- Hexadecimal – base 16 - ASCII - Sample rate & bit depth - Lossless (RLE, FLAC, .zip)
- Extended ASCII - Quality of sound - Effect on file size
- Unicode - File size & transfer speed
Using Binary - Caesar Cipher - Bit rate - Artefacts
- Why? (transistors etc.)
- Binary to denary
- Denary to binary Images Encryption
- Units: - Stored in binary - Why encrypt?
- Nibble - Metadata - Caesar Cipher
- Byte - Bitmap images
- Kilobyte - Pixels
- Megabyte - Colour depth
- Gigabyte - Resolution 3.1.1 understand that computers use binary to represent data (numbers, text, sound,
- Terabyte - Vector images graphics) and program instructions
3.1.2 understand how computers represent and manipulate numbers (unsigned
- Sign and Magnitude - File sizes integers, signed integers (sign and magnitude, two’s complement))
- 2's Complement 3.1.3 be able to convert between binary and denary whole numbers (0–255)
3.1.4 understand how to perform binary arithmetic (add, shifts (logical and
arithmetic)) and understand the concept of overflow
Binary Manipulation 3.1.5 understand why hexadecimal notation is used and be able to convert between
hexadecimal and binary
- Addition Hexadecimal 3.2.1 understand how computers encode characters using ASCII

- Subtraction
- Logical Shifts
- Arithmetic Shifts
Instructions
- Op-code
- Operand
- Accumulator
- Why hex? 3.2.2 understand how bitmap images are represented in binary (pixels, resolution,
colour depth)
- hex to denary 3.2.3 understand how sound, an analogue signal, is represented in binary
- hex to binary 3.2.4 understand the limitations of binary representation of data (sampling frequency,
resolution) when constrained by the number of available bits
3.3.1 understand how to convert between the terms ‘bit, nibble, byte, kilobyte (KB),
megabyte (MB), gigabyte (GB), terabyte (TB)’
3.3.2 understand the need for data compression and methods of compressing data
(lossless, lossy) and that JPEG and MP3 are examples of lossy algorithms
Quizlet
3.3.3 understand how a lossless, run-length encoding (RLE) algorithm works
Use Quizlet app or website with study sets "03…"
to learn the definitions associated with this topic.
3.3.4 understand that file storage is measured in bytes and be able to calculate file
sizes
3.4.1 understand the need for data encryption
3.4.2 understand how a Caesar cipher algorithm works
3.5.1 understand the characteristics of structured and unstructured data
FAQ’s
Should I show my working for binary / hex conversions?
Yes, always show your working. It helps you spot easy errors that may mean you miss out on a mark.
Sometimes there are marks in the question for working out too.
Encryption and Decryption
When encrypted data is decoded, this is called decryption, not unencryption!
Is there one type of encryption?
There are many types of encryption, public key encryption is used to send data securely across the Internet,
usually for online bank transaction and payments. But you need to be able to explain, describe and use a
Caesar cipher.

Misconceptions
Binary place values double each time (they don’t follow the 2 times table)
The Caesar cipher is not just a wheel that moves, but you need to be able to describe what happens.
Encryption isn’t just used to stop people from seeing information. It is used to only allow people with
access to the key to decrypt it to view it, thus stopping unauthorised users from seeing it.

Edexcel 1-9 Computer Science Specification:

This is what Edexcel say you need to know… Do you?
understand that computers use binary to represent data (numbers, text,
3.1.1
sound, graphics) and program instructions
understand how computers represent and manipulate numbers (unsigned
3.1.2
integers, signed integers (sign and magnitude, two’s complement))
3.1 Binary 3.1.3 be able to convert between binary and denary whole numbers (0–255)
understand how to perform binary arithmetic (add, shifts (logical and
3.1.4
arithmetic)) and understand the concept of overflow
understand why hexadecimal notation is used and be able to convert between
3.1.5
hexadecimal and binary
3.2.1 understand how computers encode characters using ASCII
understand how bitmap images are represented in binary (pixels, resolution,
Data 3.2.2
colour depth)
3.2
Topic 3: Data

representatio
n 3.2.3 understand how sound, an analogue signal, is represented in binary
understand the limitations of binary representation of data (sampling
3.2.4
frequency, resolution) when constrained by the number of available bits
understand how to convert between the terms ‘bit, nibble, byte, kilobyte (KB),
3.3.1
megabyte (MB), gigabyte (GB), terabyte (TB)’
Data storage understand the need for data compression and methods of compressing data
3.3.2
3.3 and (lossless, lossy) and that JPEG and MP3 are examples of lossy algorithms
compression 3.3.3 understand how a lossless, run-length encoding (RLE) algorithm works
understand that file storage is measured in bytes and be able to calculate file
3.3.4
sizes
3.4.1 understand the need for data encryption
3.4 Encryption
3.4.2 understand how a Caesar cipher algorithm works
3.5.1 understand the characteristics of structured and unstructured data
3.5 Databases understand that data can be decomposed, organised and managed in a
3.5.2
structured database (tables, records, fields, relationships, keys)