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Laplace transform solution: An alternative solution is provided by applying Laplace transform to the
differential equation to give
g c
sV ( s ) − v (0) = − V (s)
s m
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3
The second term on the right of the equal sign can be expanded with partial fractions
g A B A(s + c / m ) +
Bs (2)
= + =
s(s + c / m ) s s+c/m s(s + c / m )
The first equation can be solved for A = mg/c. According to the second equation, B = –A, so B = –mg/c.
Substituting these back into (2) gives
g mg / c mg / c
= −
s(s + c / m ) s s+c/m
− ( c / m )t mg mg −(c / m )t
v (t ) = v (0)e + − e
c c
or collecting terms
(1 − e )
−(c / m )t mg − (c / m )t
v (t ) = v (0)e +
c
1.2 Repeat Example 1.2. Compute the velocity to t = 10 s, with a step size of (a) 1 and (b) 0.5 s. Can
you make any statement regarding the errors of the calculation based on the results?
At t = 10 s, the analytical solution is 44.91893 (Example 1.1). The relative error can be calculated with
analytical − nu m
relative true erical
error = 10 0 %
analytical
magnitude of
step v(10) relative error
2 48.0179 6.899%
1 46.4112 3.322%
0.5 45.6509 1.630%
The error versus step size can then be plotted as
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written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Step size (seconds)
1.3 Rather than the linear relationship of Eq. (1.7), you might choose to model the upward force on the
parachutist as a second-order relationship,
FU = - c¢v ∣v ∣
where c′ = a bulk second-order drag coefficient (kg/m). Note that the second-order term could be
represented as v2 if the parachutist always fell in the downward direction. For the present case, we use the
more general representation, v ∣ v ∣ , so that the proper sign is obtained for both the downward and the
upward directions.
(a) Using calculus, obtain the closed-form solution for the case where the jumper is initially at rest
(υ = 0 at t = 0).
(b) Repeat the numerical calculation in Example 1.2 with the same initial condition and parameter values,
but with second-order drag. Use a value of 0.225 kg/m for cd′.
(a) You are given the following differential equation with the initial condition, v(t = 0) = 0,
dv c
= g− v2
dt m
m dv m
= g − v2
c dt c
Define a = mg / c
m dv 2 2
= a −v
c dt
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written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
5
dv c
a 2
−v
2
=
m dt
dx 1 −1 x
a 2
−x
2
=
a
tanh
a
1 v c
tanh −1 = t+C
a a m
If v = 0 at t = 0, then because tanh–1(0) = 0, the constant of integration C = 0 and we obtain the equation
1 −1 v c
tanh = t
a a m
(b) Using Euler’s method, the first two steps are computed
0 .2 2 5 2
v (2 ) = 0 + 9 .8 1 − (0 ) 2 = 1 9 .6 2
6 8 .1
0 .2 2 5 2
v ( 4 ) = 1 9 .6 2 + 9 .8 1 − (1 9 .6 2 ) 2 = 6 .6 9 6 3 1 4 5
6 8 .1
The computation can be continued and the results summarized along with the analytical result as:
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written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of The show must
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Language: English
By HENRY SLESAR
Illustrated by ENGLE
"Now kill her," said the voice. "And you can go free."
"I WON'T!" he shouted again. He scrambled to his feet and made a
dive for the weapon. He took it in his hand and waved it threateningly
at the surrounding woods.
"Come out! Come out!" he screamed. The eyes of the forest blinked
back at him in silence.
He flung the sword from his hand, as if in loathing. Then he crashed
into the forest once more.
The man raised himself from the ground. His limbs felt weak, and he
had to force the breaths through his lungs.
He got to his feet, feeling somewhat stronger. The forest seemed as
impenetrable as ever, but he faced its challenge now with more
confidence.
That girl! he thought. My God—she was really going to kill him! He
shook his head bewilderedly. Such a young, pretty girl! What had he
done to her? What made her want to do it?
He moved through the forest slowly, ducking branches, trailing the
sources of dim lights in the distance. But as he approached, they
proved to be illusory, odd reflections of moonlight among the trees.
She didn't want to kill him, not really. He could sense that. It was
something more. She was compelled to do it—that was it. Someone
had put her up to it. But who? Who hated him enough?
The speculation made his head ache. He blanked out his thoughts
and decided to concentrate on his predicament. There had to be a
way out. The girl had entered the forest at some point. But where?
He heard the sound of voices, and he stopped breathing.
"Manford means business," one of them said.
"He's plenty worried. T.D. was watching tonight—"
"The sponsors kick T.D., T.D. kicks Manford, and Manford kicks us.
Who do we kick?"
"I don't know about you. I got an old dog home—"
"Okay. Let's separate and find this bird."
"Right. Hey, Lou! Let's have some tracer lights!"
He concealed himself in the brush as a burst of light exploded over
the treetops. He watched the men parade past; ordinary-looking men,
executive types, with white collars and knit ties and flannel suits.
Strangely enough, they seemed quite at home in this wilderness.
He waited until they passed his hiding place. Then he started on a
nimble run in the direction from which they had come.
Miss Stitch slipped her compact back into her purse, and straightened
the corners of the stack of mail on her desk blotter. She looked
towards the empty office of the Producer, and smiled with secretive
pleasure. Then she slit open the envelopes in front of her, and
leisurely read the morning mail.
"Dear Mr. Donnelly.... Boy, oh boy! What a thriller you gave us the
other night! I thought 'Pit and the Pendulum' was one of the best Thrill
Shows yet.... I sure was disappointed when I saw the title card and
thought you were going to re-hash that old Poe bit, but that new
ending of yours really knocked me cold.... I sure got a kick out of
seeing that fat old guy going over the edge of the Pit. What a terrific
wind-up!... I wonder if you would be interested in a really great story
idea?... You see, there's this crazy old guy who has a secret
laboratory on a mountain-top.... Well, one night it's raining and
lightning like mad.... And this beautiful blonde comes along in a
classy convertible...."
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SHOW
MUST GO ON ***
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