GROUP 3

CHARLES DARWIN
Overview: Questions

1. What is Darwin's contribution to the modern science?

2. How can Darwin's evolutionary theory influence the
following fields in modern times:
• Economy?
• Agriculture?
• Political Science?
• Religion?

2
1. What is Darwin's contribution to the modern
science?

- Charles Darwin is known as the father of

evolution due to his contribution to the
establishment of the theory of evolution.

- He made major contributions on evolutionary

theory by natural selection.
 • Theory of evolution by Natural Selection

- His most famous work, "On the Origin of Species,"

published in 1859, introduced the concept of natural
selection, The natural selection was based on the
evolution theory. Evolution is a process that allows
gradual change over time, every species goes
through evolution. Natural selection is how species
survive, and occurs in few ways. It can result from
variation, inheritance, population change, or
reproduction.
Darwin had the following ideas regarding the theory of natural selection:
• Species keep on evolving or changing with time. As the environment changes, the requirements of
an organism also change and they adapt to the new environment. This phenomenon of changing over
a period of time as per the natural requirements is called adaptation.
• As per Darwin’s theory, only the superior changes are naturally selected and the inferior ones are
eliminated. Thus, not all adaptations contribute to progressive evolution. For example, people living in
tropical countries have more melanin in their bodies to protect them from the sunlight.
• Almost all organisms share common ancestry with some organisms. According to Darwin, all
organisms had one common ancestor at some point in time and kept on diverging ever since. His
evolutionary theories support the convergent theory and divergent theory of evolution with examples.
• He also studied that the birds of Galapagos Island (Darwin’s finches) developed different beaks as
per the availability of the food. This proved adaptive radiation. Similarly, he also observed the
Australian Marsupials which showed a number of marsupials emerging from an ancestor.
• According to Charles Darwin, evolution is a very slow and gradual process. He concluded that
evolution took place over a very long period of time. As we talk about the time period in evolution we
usually refer to billions of years. The generation of a species from another takes a long period of time.
It is a very steady process as the changes and adaptation take a long time to stabilize and give rise to
a new species.
Natural selection takes place in four different ways as follows:
1. Variation – The changes accumulated over a period of time in an
organism usually give rise to a new species.
2. Inheritance – It is the passing on of the variations over generations
which ultimately leads to speciation.
3. A high rate of growth of population – This gives rise to more
organisms being reproduced by a species than the environment can
support.
4. Differential survival and reproduction – The superior variations lead
to the survival of a particular organism and the inferior or negative
variations lead to extinction. The superior variations are the ones
inherited during reproduction.
2. How can Darwin's evolutionary theory influence the following fields
in modern times:
ECONOMY
- Darwin's evolutionary theory can influence modern economy in
several ways:
Competition and Market Dynamics
Innovation and Technological Progress
Resource Allocation
Entrepreneurship
Regulation and Policy
Global Trade and Comparative Advantage
Environmental Sustainability
 AGRICULTURE
- Darwin's evolutionary theory can influence modern agriculture in
several ways:
Crop Selection and Breeding
Pest and Disease Management
Biodiversity Conservation
Adaptive Agriculture
Genetic Modification and Biotechnology
Selective Pressure and Herbicide Resistance
Soil Health and Microbial Communities
Organic Farming and Natural Systems
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
- Darwin's evolutionary theory can influence modern agriculture in several
ways:
Understanding Human Behavior
Social Contract Theory
Institutional Design
Group Dynamics and Identity
Cooperation and Conflict Resolution
Resource Allocation and Distribution
Environmental and Resource Policies
Global Governance
Human Rights and Ethics
Political Strategy and Campaigning
 RELIGION
- Darwin's evolutionary theory can influence modern
agriculture in several ways:
Challenges to Creationism
Reinterpretation of Religious Texts
Theistic Evolution
Religious Responses
Ethical Considerations
Interfaith Dialogues
Religious Evolutionary Theology
Creationism and Intelligent Design
Secularization
Debates and Controversies
GROUP 3 - 2G
JUAINI, NATHASIA
JAIYAJI, CILYN
SARABI, BERNALYN
JAAFAR, NURMALYN
SARAPUDDIN, FATIMA JE-ANN Thank you
for listening!
HADJIULA, SHYRA
BALT, MAISARA
SAHIBUDDIN, ALAMADDIN
TAJI, MAYBELINE
CADELIÑA, LORD, JAY
SAABDULA, KYLA