Fisheries :: Freshwater prawn

Fresh Water Prawn

Feeding

It is necessary to maintain an adequate phytoplankton density, to provide cover and control the growth
of weeds in freshwater prawn ponds. This is done by encouraging the growth of phytoplankton.
However, it is often unnecessary to fertilize, because this is rapidly achieved by the feeding regime.
However, ponds built in a sandy-clay soil may require fertilization for this purpose. Where necessary, 25
kg/ha/month of triple superphosphate will keep the water green. Benthic fauna are very important
features in the ecosystem of freshwater prawn ponds, forming part of the food chain for prawns.
Fertilisation to encourage the development of benthic fauna is therefore recommended. Animal
manures have been used for this purpose (e.g. 1000-3000 kg/ha of cattle manure).

The types of feed used in freshwater prawn farming vary widely and include individual animal or
vegetable raw materials and feed mixtures prepared at the pond bank; both of these are generally
referred to as ‘farm-made feeds'. In addition, commercial feeds designed for freshwater prawns are
available. Freshwater prawns are omnivores and, so far as is known at present, their nutritional
requirements are not very demanding. Some farmers utilize commercial feeds designed for marine
shrimp in freshwater prawn nurseries or during the first few weeks of the grow-out phase when prawns
are stocked as PL. Marine shrimp feeds have a much higher protein content than is needed for
freshwater prawns, so cheaper commercial feeds that have either been specifically designed for
freshwater prawns or for a species of fish (e.g. catfish) must be used in grow-out ponds stocked with
nursery-reared juveniles, or substituted as soon as possible in those stocked with PL. The prawns are fed
daily with formulated pellet diet (2-3 mm size) @ 10% of the biomass initially and then reduced to 3% of
the biomass towards the end of the culture period.

Many different ingredients could be used in your farm-made feeds, either individually or combined into
‘compound feeds'. Commercial feeds for freshwater prawns tend to use ingredients, which are available
in large quantities; many of them are global commodities, such as fish meal or soybean meal. In addition
to ‘trash' fish, molluscs and prawn wastes form valuable animal protein sources. Pond water stands at
risk of pollution if individual raw materials (not made into a mixed and bound compound feed),
especially with wet materials (such as trash fish and beef liver) are used. Compounded feeds, especially
when they are water-stable, cause less problems of this type. Compounded chicken and pig feeds, either
unmodified, or re-extruded through a mincer with trash fish or prawn meal, have been used in
freshwater prawn farming.
Feed formula for Freshwater prawn

Ingredients Feed 1 (%) Feed 2 (%)

Fishmeal 20 -

Shrimp Head meal - 30

Soya meal 9 5

Rice bran 45 35

Coconut oil cake 20 20

Tapioca starch 5 9

Mineral premix 1 1

Total 100 100

(Source: Food and Agriculture

Organisation, 2002)

There can be no exact general recommendation for daily feeding rates, because these depend on the
size and number of prawns (and, in a polyculture system, fish) in the pond, the water quality, and the
nature of the feed. The feed should be broadcasted in the pond as mentioned above. Spread the feed
around the periphery of the pond in the shallows, which are good feeding zones. Check trays 3-4 nos
may be kept in different corners of the pond to check the
consumption of food.

Evaluating feed consumption using check trays

(Source: Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture)

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