Finishing Construction Works

Level III
Based on March 2022, Curriculum Version 1

Module Title: Engineering drawing Using CAD

TTLM Code: EIS FCW3 M 01 0523

Nominal duration: 120 Hours

Prepared By: MINILIK GETAYE

July, 2023

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Table of Contents

Acknowledgement 3

Acronyms 4

Introduction to the Module 5

Unit one: The AutoCAD Window 7

1.1. Opening The AutoCAD Window 8
1.2. Operate procedures In AutoCAD Window 9
1.3. Setting Up The AutoCAD Window 15
Self-Check One 36
Operation Sheet 38
LAP Test 39

Unit Tow : Produce and Modify CAD drawings 41

2.1 Create Basic CAD drawings 42
2.2 Using Modify tools 43
2.3. Modify existing CAD drawings 48
Self-Check 2 94
Operation Sheet 96
LAP Test 97

Unit Three: Produce the output files of the Auto CAD software 99
3.1. Save Drawing file 99
3.2. Print existing drawing files 101
3.3 Shut down the program and computer 109
Self-Check 3 111
Operation Sheet 112
LAP Test 113

Reference 114

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Acknowledgement

Addis Ababa Tegbareid poly technical college wish to extend thanks and
appreciation to the many representatives of TVET instructors and respective
industry experts who donated their time and expertise to the development of this
Teaching, Training and Learning Materials (TTLM).

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Acronyms

BIM Building Information Modeling

CAD Computer Adding Designee

2D Tow Dimensional

UCS User co-ordinate system

WCS World Co-ordinate System

3D Three Dimensional

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Introduction to the Module

This module covers skill, knowledge and attitude producing basic engineering drawings using
a CAD system, under the direction of a supervisor. CAD is an abbreviation for Computer-
Aided Design. It is the process used to design and draft components on your computer. This
process includes creating designs and drawings of the product or system. AutoCAD is a CAD
software package developed and marketed by Autodesk Inc. It can be used to create two-
dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models of products. These models can be
transferred to other computer programs for further analysis and testing. In addition, you can
convert these computer models into numerical data. This numerical data can be used in
manufacturing equipment such as machining centers, lathes, mills, or rapid prototyping
machines to manufacture the product. AutoCAD is one of the first CAD software packages.
It was introduced in the year 1982. Since that time, it has become the industry leader among
all CAD products. It is the most widely used CAD software. The commands and concepts
introduced by AutoCAD are utilized by other systems. As a student learning AutoCAD
provides you with a greater advantage as compared to any other CAD software.

System requirements

The following are system requirements for running AutoCAD smoothly o n your system.
 Microsoft Windows 8/8.1, Windows 7

 Minimum Intel® Pentium® 4 or AMD Athlon™ 64 processor.

 2 GB of RAM (3GB Recommended) for 32-bit.

 4GB of RAM (8GB Recommended) for 64-bit.

 Resolution 1024x768 (1600x1050 or higher recommended) with True Color.

 6 GB of free space for installation.

 Windows display adapter capable of 1024x768 with True Color capabilities.

DirectX® 9 or DirectX 11 compliant card recommended.
 Windows Internet Explorer 9.0 or later.

 .NET Framework Version 4.

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This module covers the units:

 The AutoCAD Window

 Produce and Modify CAD drawings

 Produce the output files of the Auto CAD software

Learning Objective of the Module

To introduce Features of The AutoCAD Window and methods of Operating AutoCAD

Module Instruction

For effective use this modules trainees are expected to follow the following module
instruction:

1. Read the information written in each unit

2. Accomplish the Self-checks at the end of each unit

3. Perform Operation Sheets which were provided at the end of units

4. Do the “LAP test” giver at the end of each unit and

5. Read the identified reference book for Examples and exercise

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Unit one: The AutoCAD Window
This learning unit is developed to provide the trainees the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Opening The AutoCAD Window
 Operate procedures in AutoCAD Window
 Setting up The Auto CAD Window
This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
Prepare the CAD drawings using The CAD window
Operate the Auto CAD software
Set-up the AutoCAD window to desired work space
Identify toolbars found in the Auto CAD window

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1.1. Opening The AutoCAD Window

AutoCAD 2007 is designed to work in a Windows operating system. In general, to open

AutoCAD 2007, either double-click on the AutoCAD 2007 shortcut in the Windows
desktop (Fig. 1.1), or right-click on the icon, followed by a left-click on Open in the
menu which then appears (Fig. 1.2).

Figure.1.2 The AutoCAD 2008 shortcut icon on the Windows desktop

Figure.1.3 The right-click menu which appears from the shortcut icon

Click Start > All Programs > Autodesk > AutoCAD 2007 > AutoCAD 2007
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1.2. Operate procedures In AutoCAD Window

The next information pertains to opening and running an AutoCAD program, it is assumed at
this point that the program is properly installed with a shortcut icon on the desktop. AutoCAD
can be opened in two options , the 3D modeling environment and the 2D classic environment.
For purpose of basic learning of 2D, it would be good to explore the 2D classic environment.
To do this, the simple instruction is outlined below:

 Double click on the AutoCAD icon in the desktop (note: in the first time of opening the
AutoCAD the following options for configuring AutoCAD will be displayed and save, so that
the next time you load the program it will run according to the previously configured
environment)

 Click the Workspace list in the upper-left corner of the AutoCAD window and select
AutoCAD Classic.LT users can select AutoCAD LT from a floating Workspaces toolbar.

Figure. 1.4 AutoCAD Classic

 AutoCAD users should choose file

 New. Then in the Select Template dialog box, choose acad.dwt and click Open.

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 Figure.1.5 Template dialog box
If you did step 2, the default file name will be Drawing2.dwg instead of Drawing1.dwg .
Aside from that, your AutoCAD window will look similar to Figure 1.2, which shows
AutoCAD in a moderate resolution screen. The figures below show the AutoCAD basic
Graphical User Interface (GUI).

Figure 1.6 The AutoCAD 2D classic Graphical User Interface

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 A. CAD Graphical User Interface

A typical arrangement of the elements in the AutoCAD window. The Sheet Set Manager
palette (and Info Palette for AutoCAD 2007) is closed for clarity.

Figure 1.7 the AutoCAD 2D classic Graphical User Interface.

The AutoCAD Window

The AutoCAD program window is divided into six parts:

 Menu bar
 Docked and floating toolbars
 Drawing area
 Command window
 Status bar
 Tool palettes
A seventh hidden component, the Properties palette (not to be confused with the Properties
toolbar), gives you detailed information about the objects in your drawing. You can also use
it to modify some of those properties.

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On the other hand, the 3D modeling workspace offers an alternative arrangements of elements

Figure 1.7 The AutoCAD 3D Modeling Graphical User Interface.

B. Some Important Terminologies in AutoCAD

Title Bar - This will show you what program you are running and what the current filename
is.
Pull-down menus - These are the standard pull-down menus through which you can access
almost all commands.
Main toolbar - This has most of the standard Windows icons, as well as the most common
AutoCAD commands.
Property toolbar - This toolbar gives a way to quickly modify an object's properties, such as
layer and line type.
Floating toolbar - This is a toolbar that can be moved around the screen, or 'docked' as the
main toolbar is.
Drawing space - This is where you draw. You have an almost infinite area to draw and this
is just a 'section' of the entire space.
Scrollbars - These work like in other windows programs. You can also use the PAN
command to move around your drawing.
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WCS Icon - This is here to show you which direction positive X and positive Y go. The W
means you're in the World Co-ordinate System. (It can be changed to a User Co-ordinate
System.)
Status Bar Tray Icons - These icons give you updates on items like reference files program
updates and print status.
Command line - When you type a command, you will see it here. AutoCAD uses this space
to 'prompt' you for information. It will give you a lot of information and tell you where you
are in the command.
Status bar - This allows to see and change different modes of drawing such as Ortho,
Osnaps, Grid, Otrack, etc.
Absolute coordinates - A way of inputting points based on AutoCAD's origin.
Acad.dwt - This is the default template that automatically loads whenever you start a
drawing session. It can be customized to suit your needs.
Associated Dimensioning - Dimensions that are associated with specific points will update
as that point is moved.
Backup file - AutoCAD can be set to automatically backup your drawing and save it. This is
a safeguard in case your file gets corrupted. It is saved with a .BAK extension.
Block - A pre-drawn image you can insert in your drawing to save time and make your file
size smaller.
Crosshairs - This is your cursor when it is in the drawing space.
Cursor - Your cursor will change depending on where it is in the program.
Database - An AutoCAD drawing file is actually one large database containing all the
information needed to reproduce the objects when the file is opened. Info for layers and line
types, etc. are stored in this manner.
Dialog box - AutoCAD uses a large number of dialog boxes to get information from you.
You must know how input the information that it asks for.
Drawing template file - This is a file that contains preset values for frequently used settings.
AKA a prototype drawing. The file extension is DWT.
Extents - The outer boundaries of the objects you have drawn.
Grid This is pattern of dots displayed on the screen to guide you. It can be toggled on and off
by pressing the F7 key.

Grips - Small 'handles' on objects that allow for quick editing.

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Layer - All objects are drawn on a layer. You can group objects (such as electrical) on a
single layer and organize your drawing.
Layout Tabs - A space used for plotting your drawings (formerly called Paper Space).
Limits (Grid) - A setting to impose an 'artificial' boundary on your drawing that sets the area
of the grid, and when turned on, limits you to drawing in the grid area.
Line type - All objects are drawn with a particular line type. Examples would be solid,
center, dashed, etc.

Model space - The drawing space where you 'model' the objects.
Modify - A generic term used for changing your objects.
Object - Any item that is in the AutoCAD database. Also known as an entity.
Origin - The (0,0) point of your current co-ordinate system.
Ortho mode - This is a drawing mode that allows you to draw only perpendicular lines. It is
toggled on and off by pressing the F8 key.
Osnap - Object Snap - This is a method of 'snapping' to certain, precise points on an object.
Path - The specific folder where AutoCAD looks for, or saves files.
Pick - To select an object by 'left-clicking' on it.
Plot - Also known as print. To make a hard copy of your drawing.
Polar co-ordinates - A way of inputting points based on distance and angle.
Property - Any specific characteristic of an object such as layer, scale, linetype, start point,
etc.
Relative co-ordinates - A way of inputting points based on a starting point.
Selection set - The current group of objects selected for modifying.
Snap - This is a drawing mode that allows you to snap your cursor to precise points laid out
in a grid pattern. Toggle with the F9 key.
Styles - Formatting that defines the look of text, dimensions, etc.
Units - The basic drawing unit set for you drawing. For example, you can use inches or
millimeters depending on your needs. You can also set the precision you want displayed,
such nearest 1/4", 1/2" 1/64", etc.
User co-ordinate system (UCS) - Modifications made to the World Co-ordinate System
(WCS) results in a User Co-ordinate System (UCS).
View - A particular area of your drawing.

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Viewport - A separate 'window' on your drawing. You may have more than one viewport
visible to see different areas of your drawing at the same time.
Wizard - An easy step-by-step instruction set to help you set-up certain aspects of your
drawing.
World Co-ordinate System (WCS) - This is the common X-Y co-ordinate system that is the
default. If it is modified, it becomes a User co-ordinate System (UCS)
Zoom - To view either a smaller section of your drawing (zoom in) or a larger section (zoom
out)

1.3. Setting Up The AutoCAD Window

The Menu bar, the Standard Produce and Modify CAD drawings
Produce the output files of the Auto CAD software
toolbar, and the Properties toolbar.

Figure.1.8 Draw toolbar

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 A. The Tool Palettes

The drawing area occupies most of the screen. Everything you draw appears in this area. As
you move your mouse around, crosshairs appear to move within the drawing area. This is the
drawing cursor that lets you point to locations in the drawing area. At the bottom of the
drawing area, you’ll see a set of tabs. These tabs give you access to the Layout views of your
drawing. These views let you lay out your drawing as in a desktop publishing program. The
arrows to the left of the tabs let you navigate the tabs when there are more tabs than can fit in
the AutoCAD window. The Command window, located just below the Layout tabs, gives you
feedback about AutoCAD’s commands as you use them. You can move and resize this
window just as you move and resize toolbars. By default, the Command window is in its
docked position, as shown in the figure below.

Figure 1.9 Command

B. Picking points in the drawing area

Let’s practice using coordinate readout and the drawing cursor:

1. Move the cursor around in the drawing area. As you move it, notice how the
coordinate readout changes to tell you the cursor’s location. It shows the coordinates in an X,
Y, Z format.
2. Place the cursor in the middle of the drawing area and click the left mouse button.
Move the cursor, and a rectangle follows. This is a window selection ; You’ll also see a

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coordinate readout follow the cursor and a message asking you to Specify opposite corner : .
This display at the cursor is called dynamic input.

3. Move the cursor a bit in any direction; then click the left mouse button again. Notice
that the window selection disappears as does the dynamic input display.
4. Try picking several more points in the drawing area. Notice that as you click the
mouse, you alternately start and end a window selection.
C. The UCS icon
In the lower-left corner of the drawing area, you see an L-shaped arrow.
This is the User Coordinate System (UCS) icon, which tells you your
orientation in the drawing. This icon becomes helpful as you start to work
with complex 2D drawings and 3D models. The X and Y arrows indicate
the X and Y axes of your drawing. The little square at the base of the
arrows tells you that you are in what is called the World Coordinate System. Chapter 21
discusses this icon in detail. For now, you can use it as a reference to tell you the direction of
the axes.
D. The Command Window

At the bottom of the screen, just above the status bar, is a small horizontal window called the
Command window. Here AutoCAD displays responses to your input. By default, it shows two
lines of text. The bottom line shows the current messages, and the top line shows messages
that have scrolled by or, in some cases, components of the current message that do not fit in a
single line. Right now, the bottom line displays the message
Command. This prompt tells you that AutoCAD is waiting for your instructions. As you click
a point in the drawing area, you’ll see the message Specify opposite corner: . At the same
time, the cursor starts to draw a window selection that disappears when you click another
point. The same message appears in the dynamic input display at the cursor.

As a new user, pay special attention to messages displayed in the Command window and the
dynamic input display because this is how AutoCAD communicates with you. Besides giving
you messages, the Command window records your activity in AutoCAD. You can use the

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scroll bar to the right of the Command window to review previous messages. You can also
enlarge the window for a better view. Now let’s look at AutoCAD’s window components in
detail.

E. The Drop-Down Menus

As in most Windows programs, the drop-down menus on the menu bar provide an easy-to-
understand way to access the general controls and settings for AutoCAD. Within these menus
you’ll find the commands and functions that are the heart of AutoCAD. By clicking menu
items, you can cut and paste items to and from AutoCAD, change the settings that make
AutoCAD work the way you want it to, set up the measurement system you want to use,
access the help system, and much more.

The drop-down menu options perform three basic functions:

 Display a dialog box that contains settings you can change

 Issue a command to create or modify your drawing
 Offer an expanded set of the same tools found in the Draw and Modify toolbars
Here’s an exercise to let you practice with the drop-down menus and get acquainted with the
way you issue AutoCAD commands:
1. Click View in the menu bar. The list of items that appears
includes the commands and settings that let you control the way
AutoCAD displays your drawings. Don’t worry if you don’t
understand them yet; you’ll get to know them in later chapters.
2. Move the highlight cursor slowly down the list of menu
items. As you highlight each item, notice that a description of it
appears in the status bar at the bottom of the AutoCAD window.
These descriptions help you choose the menu option you need.
3. Some of the menu items have triangular pointers to their
right. This means the command has additional choices. For instance,
highlight the Zoom item, and you’ll see another set of options
appear to the right. This second set of options is called a cascading
menu. Whenever you see a drop-down menu item with the

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triangular pointer, you know that this item opens a cascading menu offering a more detailed
set of options.
4. Other drop-down menu options are followed by an ellipsis (…). This indicates that
the option displays a dialog box. For instance, move the highlight cursor to the Tools option
in the menu bar.
5. Click the Options item at the bottom of the menu to open the Options dialog box. This
dialog box contains several “pages,” indicated by the tabs across the top, that contain settings
for controlling what AutoCAD shows you on its screens, where you want it to look for
special files, and other “housekeeping” settings. You needn’t worry about what these options
mean at this point.

6. In the Options dialog box, click the Open And Save tab. The options change to
display new options.

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7. In the middle-left side of the dialog box, you’ll see the Automatic Save check box,
with the Minutes Between Saves input box set to 10 minutes. This setting controls how
frequently AutoCAD performs an automatic save. Change the 10 to 20, and then click OK.
You have just changed AutoCAD’s Automatic Save feature to automatically save files every
20 minutes instead of every 10.

8. Click the X in the upper-right corner of the Tool Palettes window to close it. You
won’t be using the palettes for a while.

9. Click the Draw option from the menu bar and then click the Rectangle command.
Notice that the Command window now shows the following prompt: Specify first corner
point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
AutoCAD is asking you to select the first corner for the rectangle, and, in brackets, it is
offering a few options that you can take advantage of at this point in the command. You’ll
also see the same prompt, minus the bracketed options, in the dynamic input display at the
cursor.

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 Figure 1.10 The Drop-Down Menus

10. Click a point roughly in the lower-left corner of the drawing area, as shown in Figure .
Now as you move your mouse, you’ll see a rectangle follow the cursor, with one corner fixed
at the position you just selected. You’ll also see the following prompt in the Command
window with a similar prompt in the dynamic input display: Specify other corner point or
[Area/Dimensions/Rotation]:
11. Click another point anywhere in the upper-right region of the drawing area. A
rectangle appears (see Figure 1.8). You’ll learn more about the different cursor shapes.At this
point, you’ve seen how most of AutoCAD’s commands work. Many drawing and editing
functions display messages in the Command window. They are also displayed in the dynamic
input display. You’ll find that dialog boxes are displayed when you want to change settings.
Also, be aware that many of the drop-down menu items are duplicated in the toolbars, which
you will explore next.

Figure 1.11 The Drop-Down Menus

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 F. The Toolbar
Although the drop-down menus provide a full range of easy-to-understand options, they
require some effort to navigate. The toolbars, on the other hand, give you quick, single-click
access to the most commonly used AutoCAD features. In the default AutoCAD window
arrangement, you see only the most commonly used toolbars. Other toolbars are available,
but they are hidden from view until you open them. Just like the drop-down menu commands,
the tools in the toolbars perform three types of actions: they display further options, open
dialog boxes, and issue commands that require keyboard or cursor input.

G. Using the Toolbar Tool Tips

1. Move the arrow cursor onto one of the toolbar tools and leave it there for a moment.
Notice that a brief description of the tool appears nearby - this is the tool tip. In the status bar,
a more detailed description of the tool’s purpose appears (see Figure 1.9).

2. Move the cursor across the toolbar. As you do, notice that the tool tips and status bar
descriptions change to describe each tool. The keyboard command equivalent of the tool is
also shown in the status bar at the end of the description.

Figure 1.12 Toolbar Tool Tips

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 H. Working with Fly outs

Most toolbar tools start a command as soon as you click them, but a few tools display a set of
additional tools (similar to the cascading menus in the menu bar) that are related to the tool
you selected. This set of additional tools is called a toolbar flyout. If you’ve used other
Windows graphics programs, A typical tool tip Tool description in the status bar chances are
you’ve seen flyouts. Look closely at the tools just below the Express or Dimension dropdown
menu options on your screen (Figure 1.8). You’ll be able to identify which toolbar tool has a
flyout; it has a small right-pointing arrow in the lower-right corner of the tool.
The following steps show you how a flyout works:

1. Move the cursor to the Zoom Window tool in the Standard toolbar. Click and hold the
left mouse button to display the flyout. Don’t release the mouse button.

2. Still holding down the left mouse button, move the cursor over the flyout; notice that
the tool tips appear here as well. Also, notice the description in the status bar.

3. Move the cursor to the Zoom Window tool at the top of the flyout and release the
mouse button.

4. You don’t need to use this tool yet, so press the Esc key to cancel it.

Figure 1.13 Fly outs

I. Moving the Toolbars

One characteristic of AutoCAD’s toolbars is their mobility. They can float anywhere in the
AutoCAD window or in a docked position. As stated earlier, docked means the toolbar is

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placed against the top, side, or bottom borders of the AutoCAD window so that the toolbar
occupies a minimal amount of space. If you want to, you can move the toolbar to any location
on your desktop, thus turning it into a floating toolbar.

1. Move the arrow cursor so that it points to the vertical bars, called grab bars, to the far
left of the Standard toolbar, as shown here:

Figure 1.14 Toolbars

2. Click and hold down the left mouse button. Notice that a dotted gray rectangle
appears around the toolbar.

3. Still holding down the mouse button, move the mouse downward. The dotted gray
box follows the cursor.

4. When the dotted gray box is over the drawing area, release the mouse button. The
Standard toolbar—now a floating toolbar—moves to its new location.

You can now move the Standard toolbar to any location on the screen that suits you. You can
also change the shape of the toolbar. Try the following steps:

1. Place the cursor on the bottom-edge border of the Standard toolbar. The cursor
becomes a double-headed arrow, as shown here:

Figure 1.15 Toolbars

2. Click and drag the border downward. The dotted gray rectangle jumps to a new, taller
rectangle as you move the cursor.
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3.
4. When the dotted gray rectangle changes to the shape you want, release the mouse
button to reshape the toolbar.

Figure 1.16 Toolbars

5. To move the toolbar back into its docked position, place the arrow cursor on the
toolbar’s title bar, and slowly click and drag so that the cursor is in position in the upper-left
corner of the AutoCAD window. Notice how the dotted gray outline of the toolbar changes as
it approaches its docked position.

Figure 1.17 Toolbar

6. When the outline of the Standard toolbar is near its docked position, release the
mouse button. The toolbar moves back into its previous position in the AutoCAD window.

You can also move a toolbar from a docked position to a floating one by double-clicking the
toolbar’s grab bar. Double-click the title bar of a floating toolbar to move the toolbar to a
docked position, though not necessarily its original docked position.

You can move and reshape any of AutoCAD’s toolbars to place them out of the way and still
have them ready to give you quick access to commands. You can also put them away
altogether when you don’t need them and bring them back at will, as shown in the following
steps:

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1. Click and drag the Draw toolbar from its position at the left of the AutoCAD window
to a point near the center of the drawing area. Remember to click and drag the grab bars at the
top of the toolbar.

2. Click the Close button in the upper-right corner of the Draw floating toolbar. This is
the small square button with the X in it. The toolbar disappears.

3. To recover the Draw toolbar, right-click the border or grab bar of any toolbar—but
not a toolbar button. A shortcut menu of toolbars appears.

4. Locate and select Draw in the shortcut menu. The Draw toolbar reappears.

5. Click and drag the Draw toolbar back to its docked position in the far-left side of the
AutoCAD window.

1.3.1. Layer or level

1. Left-click on the Layer Properties Manager tool icon in the Layers toolbar (Fig. 1.18).
The Layer Properties Manager dialog appears on screen (Fig. 1.19).
2. Click the New Layer icon. A new layer appears. Overwrite the name Layer1 by entering
Centre.
3. Repeat step 2 four times and make four more layers titled Construction, Dimensions,
Hidden and Text

Figure. 1.18 The Layer Properties Manager tool icon in the Layers toolbar
4. Click against one of the squares under the Color column of the dialog. The Select Color
dialog appears (Fig. 1.20). Double-click on one of the colours in the Index Color squares. The
selected colour appears against the layer name in which the square was selected. Repeat until
all the five new layers have a colour.

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5. Click on the line type Continuous against the layer name Centre. The Select Line type
dialog appears (Fig. 1.21). Click its Load ...button and from the Load or Reload Line types
dialog double-click CENTER2. The dialog disappears and the name appears in the Select
Line type dialog. Click the OK button and the line type CENTER2 appears against the layer
Centre

Figure 1.19 The Layer Properties Manager dialog

Figure 1.20 The Select Color dialog

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 Figure 1.22 The Select Line type dialog

6. Repeat this with layer Hidden – load the line type HIDDEN2 and make the line type
against this layer HIDDEN2.
7. Click on any of the line weights in the Layer Properties Manager. This brings up the Line
weight dialog (Fig. 4.21). Select the line weight 0.3. Repeat the same for all other layers.
Then click the OK button of the Layer Properties Manager

Figure 1.23 The Line weight dialog

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1.3.2. Line type

Loading and Changing Line types

1. Choose Format, Line type... or

2. Type DDLTYPE at the command prompt.

Command: DDLTYPE or LT

3. Choose Load... to see a list of available line types.

Figure 1.24 line type

4. Choose the desired line type to assign.

Figure 1.25 line type

5. Click OK.

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 1.3.3. Line width

1. Choose Format, Line weight...or

2. Type LINEWEIGHT at the command prompt. Command:
3. LINEWEIGHT or LWEIGHT or
4. Pick a line weight to make current from the Object Properties menu.

Figure 1.26. Line width

1.3.4. Color and Text forma command

1. Choose Format, Color. or

2. Type DDCOLOR at the command prompt. Command: DDCOLOR or COL or
3. Choose Color on the Object Properties toolbar and then select a color from the list or select
Other to display the Select Color dialog box.

Figure 1.27 Color and Text forma command

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TIP:
These settings ignore the current layer settings for color.
By Layer
If you enter by layer, new objects assume the color of the layer upon which they are drawn.
By Block
If you enter by block, AutoCAD draws new objects in the default color (white or black,
depending on your configuration) until they are grouped into a block. When the block is
inserted
in the drawing, the objects in the block inherit the current setting of the COLOR command.

Text Style

Most characteristics of the text are controlled by the text style, which sets the default font and
other options, such as line spacing, justification, and color. You can use the current text style
or select a new one. The STANDARD text style is the default.

Within the multiline text object, you can override the current text style by applying
formatting such as underlining, boldface, and different fonts to individual characters. You can
also create stacked text, such as fractions or geometric tolerances and insert special
characters, including Unicode characters, for TrueType fonts.

Note Not all SHX and TrueType text fonts support Unicode characters.

Text Properties

In the Properties palette, you can view and change the object properties of a multiline text
object, including properties that apply specifically to text.

 Justification determines where text is inserted with respect to the bounding box and
sets the direction of text flow as text is entered.
 Line space options control the amount of space between lines of text.
 Width defines the width of the bounding box and therefore controls where the text
wraps to a new line.
 Background inserts an opaque background so that objects under the text are masked.

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To create multiline text

1. Click Draw menu ► Text ► Multiline Text.

2. Specify opposite corners of a bounding box to define the width of the multiline text
object.

The In-Place Text Editor is displayed.

3. To indent the first line of each paragraph, drag the first-line indent slider on the ruler.
To indent the other lines of each paragraph, drag the paragraph slider.

4. To set tabs, click the ruler where you want a tab stop.

5. If you want to use a text style other than the default, click the arrow next to the Text
Style control on the toolbar and then select a style.

6. Enter text.

Note Text that would otherwise be difficult to read (if it is very small, very large, or is
rotated) is displayed at a legible size and is oriented horizontally so that you can easily read
and edit it.

7. To override the current text style, select text as follows:

To select one or more letters, click and drag the pointing device over the characters.
To select a word, double-click the word.
To select a paragraph, triple-click the paragraph.

8.On the toolbar, make format changes as follows:

 To change the font of the selected text, select a font from the list.
 To change the height of the selected text, enter a new value in the Height box.
 To format text in a TrueType font with boldface or italics, or to create
underlined or over lined text for any font, click the corresponding button on the toolbar. SHX
fonts do not support boldface or italics.
 To apply color to selected text, choose a color from the Color list. Click Other
to display the Select Color dialog box.

32
1. To save your changes and exit the editor, use one of the following methods:

a. Click OK on the toolbar.

b. Click in the drawing outside the editor.
c. Press CTRL+ENTER.

Draw toolbar

Command entry: MTEXT

Current text style: current Text height: current

Specify first corner:

Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Line spacing/Rotation/Style/Width]:

After you specify the point for the opposite corner, the in-place text editor is displayed.

If you specify one of the other options, or if you enter -mtext at the Command prompt,
MTEXT bypasses the in-place text editor and displays additional prompts on the command
line.

TEXT

Use single-line text (TEXT) to create one or more lines of text, ending each line when you
press ENTER. Each text line is an independent object that you can relocate, reformat, or
otherwise modify.

When you create single-line text, you assign a text style and set alignment. The text style sets
the default characteristics of the text object. The alignment determines what part of the text
character aligns with the insertion point. Use the TEXT command to enter the text in-place,
or enter -text on the command line to enter the text on the command line.

You can insert a field in single-line text. A field is text that is set up to display data that might
change. When the field is updated, the latest value of the field is displayed.

The text styles used for single-line text are the same as those used for multiline text. When
you create text, you assign an existing style by entering its name at the Style prompt. If you

33
need to apply formatting to individual words and characters, use multiline text instead of
single-line text.

You can also compress single-line text to fit between points that you specify. This option
stretches or squeezes the text to fill the designated space.

The DTEXTED system variable specifies the user interface displayed for editing single-line
text.

Align Single-Line Text

As you create text, you can align it. That is, you can justify it with one of the alignment
options shown in the following illustrations. Left alignment is the default. To left-align text,
do not enter an option at the Justify prompt.

Figure 1.28 Align Single-Line Text

34
To create single-line text

1. Click Draw menu ► Text ► Single Line Text.

2. Specify the insertion point for the first character. If you press ENTER, the program
locates the new text immediately below the last text object you created, if any.

3. Specify the height of the text. This prompt is displayed only if text height is set to 0 in
the current text style.

A rubber-band line is attached from the text insertion point to the cursor. Click to set the
height of the text to the length of the rubber-band line.

4. Specify a text rotation angle.

You can enter an angle value or use your pointing device.

5. Enter the text. At the end of each line, press ENTER. Enter more text as needed.

Note Text that would otherwise be difficult to read (if it is very small, very large, or is
rotated) is displayed at a legible size and is oriented horizontally so that you can easily read
and edit it.

If you specify another point during this command, the cursor moves to that point, and you can
continue typing. Every time you press ENTER or specify a point, a new text object is created.

6. Press ENTER on a blank line to end the command.

Command entry: TEXT

Current text style: current Current text height: current

Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: Specify a point or enter an option

35
Self-Check One The AutoCAD Window
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Test I: Short Answer Questions

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Examples may be necessary to aid some
explanations/answers.

1. What is a toolbar? (2points)

2. What do you mean by “docking the toolbar”. (2 points)

3. What do you mean by toolbar flyout? (2 points)

4. What is a tooltip?. (2 points)

5. What is a cascading menu? (2 points)

6. The AutoCAD window is divided into six parts, what are those? (6 points)
Test II: Identification: Identify the items indicated by the numbers from 1 to 13 in the figure
shown below in the figure shown below. Write your answer in the space provided before the
number or in a separate answer sheet provided. (2points each x 13 = 26 points)

1. _________________________
8. _________________________
2. _________________________
9. _________________________
3. _________________________
10. _________________________
4. _________________________
11. _________________________
5. _________________________
12. _________________________
6. _________________________
13. _________________________
7. _________________________

36
Test III : Matching Type : Below are two columns A & B. Match column A with column B.
Write only the corresponding letter of your choice in the space provided before the number in
column A. (2points each x 10 = 20 points

A B

_____ 1. Snap A. This is a drawing mode that allows you to draw

only perpendicular lines. It is toggled on and off by
_____ 2. Model space pressing the F8 key.
B. A separate window in the drawing area.
_____ 3. Object C. Any item that is in the AutoCAD database and also
known as an entity.
_____ 4. Ortho mode D. A way of inputting points based on distance and
angle.
_____ 5. Relative coordinates E. The current group of objects selected for
modifying.
_____ 6. Property F. A cursor when in the drawing space
G. The (0,0) point of your current co-ordinate system.
_____ 7. Viewport H. A drawing mode that allows you to snap your
cursor to precise points laid out in a grid pattern and using
_____ 8. Selection Set F9 as the toggle key.
I. Any specific characteristic of an object such as

37
 _____ 9. Polar coordinates layer, scale, line type, start point, etc.
J. A way of inputting points based on a starting point.
_____ 10. Crosshairs K. The drawing space where you 'model' the objects.

Operation Sheet The AutoCAD Window

Operation Title: Overview and Introduction to AutoCAD

Instruction: Open the AutoCAD program and follow the guides and instructions
Purpose :
This learning guide will review some basic knowledge on the operating system required of
AutoCAD 2007, some basic routine on windows operation needed for CAD works. This
activity will also give the user a first hand on how to open the CAD program, start working
around in the CAD environment and familiarizing with the GUI (Graphical User Interface)
and toolbars of AutoCAD 2007.
Conditions or Situations for The Operation :
A template for this activity is given with a sample. The drawing area in the paper is divided
into nine (9) equal boxes where the student will repetitively draw the sample alphabet of lines
inside the box until it is filled using freehand sketching.
Equipment, Tools and Materials :

 Desktop Computer with installed AutoCAD 2007 program

 Multimedia Overhead Projector or Beamer

 CAD room
Procedure:
1. Power on the desktop computer.
2. Check to see that the resolution is set to at least a minimum of 1024 x 768 setting.
3. From the windows program start button or from the desktop AutoCAD icon, run the
program.
4. Select the 2D classic option for opening the CAD program and select the template
“acad.dwt” (this is a 2D environment of the CAD).
5. Explore the CAD Graphical User Interface (or as instructed by your teacher).
6. Read the Learning Guide Material and when ready answer the Lap Test below.

38
Precautions :
1. The desktop computer unit is powered electrically so take extra care in using the unit.
2. Check your outlets, and electrical cables used in the unit. Report to your teacher any
damage or busted part of the unit for necessary replacement.
3. Observe proper posture of body in drafting works to avoid if not minimize body
stress.
LAP Test The AutoCAD Window

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ________________

Instructions:

1. Explore the AutoCAD program and follow the guides and instructions given to you
by your teacher.

Request from your teacher the following materials.

 Working and in good running condition desktop computer unit with table and chair

2. Create a working directory in drive D (if it is present) or in any worker drive but not
the default drive C. Take note that it is a good practice to save you data files in a separate
drive other than C, so that when everything goes wrong or when the system crash due to
viruses or corrupted files, your data is in a safe place when the system drive needs to be
formatted and reinstallation is inevitable.

3. Name your folder or directory using a unique name which is easy to remember. You
can use your initials followed by the program name (in this case AutoCAD or CAD).

Ex: Jonh CAD Files, JSL AutoCAD works, etc.

4. After exploring the CAD GUI, save the file to your working folder you have created.
Don’t worry if there is nothing yet in the working area, this is just a warm up and getting the
first feel of working around with AutoCAD.

5. Read the learning material (learning guide) given you by your teacher.

6. When you are ready, accomplish the given task below.

Task I : Follow the instruction above from instruction number 2 to 4.

39
Task II : Given the AutoCAD Graphical User Interface as shown in Figure 1 below, label
each numbered item accordingly.

Task III : Accomplish the task in matching type problem below.

7. You are given 2 hours to accomplish the task.

8. Ask your teacher for an evaluation and feedback

Figure .1. Cad Interface

40
Unit Tow : Produce and Modify CAD drawings
This learning unit is developed to provide the trainees the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Create basic CAD drawings
 Using Modify tools
 modify existing CAD drawings
This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
Prepare Basic CAD drawings
operate with modify tools
review and Modify Existing CAD drawings

41
2.1 Create Basic CAD drawings

Using Draw toolbar

Drawing with the line tool

A. COORDINATES
When prompted to specify a point location in a command prompt, the correct
format of the coordinates must be given. There are three types of coordinate
system formats.
These are:
J. Absolute Coordinates – x and y coordinates with reference to 0,0 Format: x,y
K. Relative Coordinates – x and y coordinates with reference to the previous point
Format: @x,y
L. Polar Coordinates – distance and angle with reference to the previous point
Format: @distance<angle

Sample Problem:
1. Determine the absolute, relative and polar coordinate formats of points
a to f as shown in Figure 2.1.
2. Draw Figure 2.1 using the different coordinate formats.

Figure 2.1. Sample Drawing

Solutions:

42
 1. Coordinate Formats To draw

B. Using Absolute Coordinates

Command: Line (Enter)

Prompts: Specify first point: 1,1 (Enter).

: Specify next point or [Undo]: 1,4 (Enter).

: Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 2,5 (Enter).

: Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 5,5 (Enter).

: Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 6,5 (Enter).

: Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 6,1 (Enter).

: Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C (Enter).

C. Using Relative and Polar Coordinates

Follow the same procedure and input the correct formats of the coordinates when
prompted

2.2 Using Modify tools

These tools are among the most frequently used tools of AutoCAD 2007. Their tool icons are
found in the Modify drop-down menu (Fig. 2.1) or in the Modify toolbar in the 2D Classic
AutoCAD workspace or in the lower set of tool icons in the Draw control panel.

43
Figure 2.1 modify toolbar

44
 Practical project 1
2. Construct the drawing in Fig. below corners filleted R10. The long strips have
been constructed using Circle, Polyline, Trim and Polyline Edit. Construct one
strip and then copy it using Copy.
3. Construct the drawing in Fig. below The setting in the Array dialog is to be
180 in the Angle of array field.

4. sing the tools Polyline, Circle, Trim, Polyline Edit, Mirror and Fillet construct
the drawing in Fig.below.

45
5. Construct the circles and lines (Fig. 1). Using Offset and the Ttr prompt of the Circle
tool followed by Trim, construct one of the outlines arrayed within the outer circle. Then,
with Polyline Edit, change the lines and arcs into a pline of width 0.3. Finally array the
outline twelve times around the centre of the circles (Fig. 2).

6. Construct the drawing in Fig. below and make two copies using Copy.

46
7. With Rotate rotate each of the copies to the angles as shown.
8. construct the fig. below of the wood bench vice

47
2.3. Modify existing CAD drawings

The Typical modify toolbar is shown in the figure below

A. ERASE

You can erase objects from your drawing using several methods.

 Erase them with ERASE.

 Select them and then cut them to the Clipboard with CTRL+X.
 Select them and press DELETE.

You can restore accidentally erased objects using UNDO. The OOPS command restores all
objects deleted by the most recent use of ERASE, BLOCK, or WBLOCK.

Clean Up the Display

You can remove the plus-shaped markers called blips and stray pixels that may be left over
from some editing operations from the display area.

 To remove blips, use REDRAW.

 To remove stray pixels, use REGEN.

Remove Unused Definitions and Styles

You can remove unused named objects, including block definitions, dimension styles, layers,
line types, and text styles with PURGE.

To erase an object

1. Click Modify menu » Erase.

48
2. At the Select Objects prompt, use a selection method to select the objects to be erased
or enter an option:

 Enter L (Last) to erase the last object drawn.

 Enter p (Previous) to erase the last selection set.
 Enter all to erase all objects from the drawing.
 Enter ? to see a list of all selection methods.

Press ENTER to end the command.

Modify toolbar

Command entry: ERASE

B. COPY

You can create duplicates of objects at a specified distance and direction from the originals.
Use coordinates, grid snap, object snaps, and other tools to copy objects with precision.

Specify Distance with Two Points

Copy an object using the distance and direction specified by a base point followed by a
second point. In this example, you copy the block representing an electronic component.
After clicking Copy on the Edit menu, select the original object to be copied. Specify the base
point for the move (1) followed by a second point (2). The object is copied the distance and
direction of point 1 to point 2.

49
Specify Distance with Relative Coordinates

Copy an object using a relative distance by entering coordinate values for the first point and
pressing ENTER for the second point. The coordinate values are used as a relative
displacement rather than the location of a base point.

Note Do not include an @ sign as you normally would for relative coordinates, because
relative coordinates are expected.

To copy objects a specified distance, you can also use direct distance entry with Ortho mode
and polar tracking. For more information, see Enter Direct Distances.

Create Multiple Copies

The COPY command repeats for convenience. To exit the command, press ENTER.

Use Alternate Methods

You can use grips to move and copy objects quickly. See Use Grips to Edit Objects.

You can also select objects and drag them to a new location; press CTRL to make a copy.
Using this method, you can drag objects between open drawings and other applications. If
you drag with the right mouse button instead of the left, a shortcut menu is displayed. The
menu options include Move Here, Copy Here, Paste as Block, and Cancel. See Embed OLE
Objects in Drawings.

To copy an object using two points

1. Click Modify menu » Copy.

50
2. Select the objects to copy.

3. Specify the base point.

4. Specify the second point. Press ENTER.

Modify toolbar

Command entry: COPY

C. MIRROR

You can flip objects about a specified axis to create a symmetrical mirror image.

Mirroring is useful for creating symmetrical objects because you can quickly draw half the
object and then mirror it instead of drawing the entire object.

You flip objects about an axis called a mirror line to create a mirror image. To specify this
temporary mirror line, you enter two points. You can choose whether to erase or retain the
original objects.

By default, when you mirror text, attributes, and attribute definitions, they are not reversed or
turned upside down in the mirror image. The text has the same alignment and justification as
before the object was mirrored. If you do want text to be reversed, set the MIRRTEXT
system variable to 1.

51
MIRRTEXT affects text that is created with the TEXT, ATTDEF, or MTEXT commands;
attribute definitions; and variable attributes. Text and constant attributes that are part of an
inserted block are reversed when the block is mirrored regardless of the MIRRTEXT setting.

Mirror in 3D

With MIRROR3D, you can mirror objects across a specified mirroring plane. The mirroring
plane can be one of the following:

 The plane of a planar object

 A plane parallel to the XY, YZ, or XZ plane of the current UCS that passes through a
specified point
 A plane defined by three specified points (2, 3, and 4)

To mirror objects

1. Click Modify menu » Mirror.

2. Select the objects to mirror.

3. Specify the first point of the mirror line.

4. Specify the second point.

5. Press ENTER to retain the original objects, or enter y to erase them.

Modify toolbar

Command entry: MIRROR

D. OFFSET

52
OFFSET creates a new object whose shape parallels the shape of a selected object. Offsetting
a circle or an arc creates a larger or smaller circle or arc, depending on which side you
specify for the offset.

A highly effective drawing technique is to offset objects and then trim or extend their ends.

You can offset

 Lines
 Arcs
 Circles
 Ellipses and elliptical arcs (resulting in an oval-shaped spline)
 2D polylines
 Construction lines (xlines) and rays
 Splines

Special Cases for Offset Polylines and Splines

2D polylines and splines are trimmed automatically when the offset distance is larger than
can otherwise be accommodated.

53
Closed 2D polylines that are offset to create larger polylines result in potential gaps between
segments. The OFFSETGAPTYPE system variable controls how these potential gaps are
closed.

To offset an object by specifying a distance

1. Click Modify menu » Offset.

2. Specify the offset distance.

You can enter a value or use the pointing device.

3. Select the object to offset.

4. Specify a point on the side where you want to place the new objects.

5. Select another object to offset, or press ENTER to end the command.

Modify toolbar

Command entry: OFFSET

To offset an object through a point

1. Click Modify menu » Offset.

2. Enter t (Through).

3. Select the object to offset.

4. Specify the through point.

54
5. Select another object to offset, or press ENTER to end the command.

Modify toolbar

Command entry: OFFSET

E. ARRAY

You can create copies of objects in a rectangular or polar (circular) pattern called an array.

For rectangular arrays, you control the number of rows and columns and the distance between
each. For polar arrays, you control the number of copies of the object and whether the copies
are rotated. To create many regularly spaced objects, arraying is faster than copying.

Create Rectangular Arrays

A rectangular array is built along a baseline defined by the current snap rotation angle. This
angle is zero by default, so the rows and columns of a rectangular array are orthogonal with
respect to the X and Y axes. The default angle 0 direction setting can be changed in UNITS.

Create Polar Arrays

55
When you create a polar array, the array is drawn counterclockwise or clockwise, depending
on whether you enter a positive or a negative value for the angle to fill.

The radius of the array is determined by the distance from the specified center point to a
reference or base point on the last selected object. You can use the default reference point
(usually an arbitrary point that coincides with a snap point), or you can specify a new base
point to be used as the reference point.

Array in 3D

With 3DARRAY, you can create a rectangular array or a polar array of objects in 3D. In
addition to specifying the number of columns (X direction) and rows (Y direction), you also
specify the number of levels (Z direction).

Limit the Size of Arrays

If you specify a very large number of rows and columns for an array, it may take a long time
to create the copies. By default, the number of array elements that can be generated by one
command is limited to approximately 100,000. This limit is controlled by the Max Array
setting in the registry.

You can change the limit by setting the Max Array system registry variable using (set env
“Max Array” “n”) where n is a number between 100 and 10000000 (ten million).

56
Note When changing the value of Max Array, you must enter Max Array with the
capitalization shown.

To create a rectangular array

1. Click Modify menu » Array.

2. In the Array dialog box, select Rectangular Array.

3. Click Select Objects.

The Array dialog box closes. You are prompted for object selection.

4. Select the objects to be arrayed and press ENTER.

5. In the Rows and Columns boxes, enter the number of rows and columns in the array.

6. Specify the horizontal and vertical spacing (offsets) between objects by using one of
the following methods:

7. In the Row Offset and Column Offset boxes, enter the distance between rows and
between columns. Adding a plus sign (+) or a minus sign (-) determines direction.

8. Click the Pick Both Offsets button to use the pointing device to specify the diagonal
corners of a cell in the array. The cell determines the vertical and horizontal spacing of the
rows and columns.

9. Click the Pick Row Offset or Pick Column Offset button to use the pointing device to
specify the horizontal and vertical spacing.

The example box displays the result.

change the rotation angle of the array, enter the new angle next to Angle of Array.

The default angle 0 direction setting can also be changed in UNITS.

Click OK to create the array.

Modify toolbar

Command entry: ARRAY

57
 To create a polar array

1. Click Modify menu » Array.

2. In the Array dialog box, select Polar Array.

3. Next to Center Point, do one of the following:

 Enter an X value and a Y value for the center point of the polar array.
 Click the Pick Center Point button. The Array dialog box closes and you are
prompted for object selection. Use the pointing device to specify the center point of the polar
array.

4 Click Select Objects.

The Array dialog box closes and you are prompted for object selection.

5. S elect the objects to be arrayed.

6. In the Method box, select one of the following methods:

 Total Number of Items & Angle to Fill

 Total Number of Items & Angle Between Items
 Angle to Fill & Angle Between Items

7. Enter the number of items (including the original object), if available.

8. Use one of the following methods:

 Enter the angle to fill and angle between items, if available. Angle to Fill
specifies the distance to fill around the circumference of the array. Angle Between Items
specifies the distance between each item.
 Click the Pick Angle to Fill button and the Pick Angle Between Items button.
Use the pointing device to specify the angle to fill and the angle between items.

The example box displays the result.

9. You can set any of the following options:

 To rotate the objects as they are arrayed, select Rotate Items As Copied. The
example area displays the result.

58
 To specify the X,Y base point, select More, clear the Set to Object's Default
option and enter values in the X and Y boxes, or click the Pick Base Point button and use the
pointing device to specify the point.

Click OK to create the array.

Modify toolbar

Command entry: ARRAY

F. MOVE

You can move objects at a specified distance and direction from the originals.

Use coordinates, grid snap, object snaps, and other tools to move objects with precision.

Specify Distance with Two Points

Move an object using the distance and direction specified by a base point followed by a
second point. In this example, you move the block representing a window. After clicking
Move on the Edit menu, select the object to be moved (1). Specify the base point for the
move (2) followed by a second point (3). The object is moved the distance and direction of
point 2 to point 3.

Specify Distance with Relative Coordinates

You can move an object using a relative distance by entering coordinate values for the first
point and pressing ENTER for the second point. The coordinate values are used as a relative
displacement rather than the location of a base point.

59
Note Do not include an @ sign as you normally would for relative coordinates, because
relative coordinates are expected.

To copy objects a specified distance, you can also use direct distance entry with Ortho mode
and polar tracking. For more information, see Enter Direct Distances

Use a Stretch-Move

You can also use STRETCH to move objects if all their endpoints lie entirely within the
selection window. Turn on Ortho mode or polar tracking to move the objects at a specific
angle.

A practical example is moving a door in a wall. The door in the illustration is entirely within
a crossing selection, while the wall lines are only partly within the crossing selection area.

The result is that only the endpoints that lie within the crossing selection move.

Use Alternate Methods

You can use grips to move and copy objects quickly. See Use Grips to Edit Objects

You can also select objects and drag them to a new location; press CTRL to make a copy.
Using this method, you can drag objects between open drawings and other applications. If
you drag with the right mouse button instead of the left, a shortcut menu is displayed. The
menu options include Move Here, Copy Here, Paste as Block, and Cancel. See Embed OLE
Objects in Drawings.

60
 To move an object using two points

1. Click Modify menu » Move.

2. Select the objects to move.

3. Specify a base point for the move.

4. Specify a second point.

The objects you selected are moved to a new location determined by the distance and
direction between the first and second points.

Modify toolbar

Command entry: MOVE

To move an object using a displacement

1. Click Modify menu » Move.

2. Select the object to move.

3. Enter the displacement in the form of a Cartesian, polar, cylindrical, or spherical

coordinate value. Do not include the @ sign, because a relative coordinate is assumed.

4. At the prompt for the second point, press ENTER.

The coordinate values are used as a relative displacement rather than the location of a base
point. The selected objects are moved to a new location determined by the relative coordinate
values you enter.

Modify toolbar

Command entry: MOVE

G. ROTATE

You can rotate objects in your drawing around a specified base point.

61
To determine the angle of rotation, you can enter an angle value, drag using the cursor, or
specify a reference angle to align to an absolute angle.

Rotate an Object by a Specified Angle

Enter a rotation angle value from 0 to 360 degrees. You can also enter values in radians,
grads, or surveyor bearings. Entering a positive angle value rotates the objects
counterclockwise or clockwise, depending on the Direction Control setting in the Drawing
Units dialog box.

Rotate an Object by Dragging

Drag the object around the base point and specify a second point. Use Ortho mode, polar
tracking, or object snaps for greater precision.

For example, you can rotate the plan view of a house by selecting the objects (1), specifying a
base point (2), and specifying an angle of rotation by dragging to another point (3).

Rotate an Object to an Absolute Angle

With the Reference option, you can rotate an object to align it to an absolute angle.

For example, to rotate the part in the illustration so the diagonal edge rotates to 90 degrees,
you select the objects to be rotated (1, 2), specify the base point (3), and enter the Reference
option. For the reference angle, specify the two endpoints of the diagonal line (4, 5). For the
new angle, enter 90.

62
 Rotate an Object in 3D

To rotate 3D objects, you can use either ROTATE or ROTATE3D.

 With ROTATE, you can rotate objects around a specified base point. The axis of
rotation passes through the base point and is parallel to the Z axis of the current UCS.
 With ROTATE3D, you can specify the axis of rotation using either two points; an
object; the X, Y, or Z axis; or the Z direction of the current view.

To rotate an object

1. Click Modify menu » Rotate.

2. Select the object to rotate.

3. Specify the base point for the rotation.

4. Do one of the following:

 Enter the angle of rotation.

 Drag the object around its base point and specify a point location to which you
want to rotate the object.
 Enter c to create a copy of the selected objects.
 Enter r to rotate the selected objects from a specified reference angle to an
absolute angle.

Modify toolbar

Command entry: ROTATE

63
To rotate an object to an absolute angle

1. Click Modify menu » Rotate.

2. Select the objects to rotate.

3. Specify the base point for the rotation.

4. Enter r (Reference).

5. Enter a reference angle value or specify two point locations.

This determines an imaginary line that will be rotated to a new angle.

6. Enter the new angle, or specify a point.

The value that you enter for the new angle is an absolute angle, not a relative value.
Alternatively, if you specify a point, the reference angle will be rotated to that point.

Modify toolbar

Command entry: ROTATE

H. SCALE , LENGTHEN and STRETCH

You can resize objects to make them longer or shorter in only one direction or to make them
proportionally larger or smaller.

You can also stretch certain objects by moving an endpoint, vertex, or control point.

Lengthen Objects

With LENGTHEN, you can change the included angle of arcs and the length of the following
objects:

 Lines
 Arcs
 Open polylines
 Elliptical arcs

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 Open splines.

The results are similar to extending and trimming. You can

 Drag an object endpoint dynamically

 Specify a new length or angle as a percentage of the total length or angle
 Specify an incremental length or angle measured from an endpoint
 Specify the object's total absolute length or included angle

Stretch Objects

With STRETCH, you relocate the endpoints of objects that lie across or within a crossing
selection window.

 Objects that are partially enclosed by a crossing window are stretched.

 Objects that are completely enclosed within the crossing window, or that are selected
individually, are moved rather than stretched.

To stretch an object, you specify a base point and then a point of displacement.

To stretch with precision, use object snaps, grid snaps, and relative coordinate entry.

Scale Objects Using a Scale Factor

With SCALE, you can make an object uniformly larger or smaller. To scale an object, you
specify a base point and a scale factor. Alternatively, you can specify a length to be used as a
scale factor based on the current drawing units.

65
A scale factor greater than 1 enlarges the object. A scale factor between 0 and 1 shrinks the
object.Scaling changes the size of all dimensions of the selected object. A scale factor greater
than 1 enlarges the object. A scale factor less than 1 shrinks the object.

Scale Objects Using a Reference Distance

You can also scale by reference. Scaling by reference uses an existing distance as a basis for
the new size. To scale by reference, specify the current distance and then the new desired
size. For example, if one side of an object is 4.8 units long and you want to expand it to 7.5
units, use 4.8 as the reference length.

You can use the Reference option to scale an entire drawing. For example, use this option
when the original drawing units need to be changed. Select all objects in the drawing. Then
use Reference to select two points and specify the intended distance. All the objects in the
drawing are scaled accordingly.

To scale an object by a scale factor

1. Click Modify menu » Scale.

2. Select the object to scale.

3. Specify the base point.

4. Enter the scale factor or drag and click to specify a new scale.

Modify toolbar

Command entry: SCALE

To scale an object by reference

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1. Click Modify menu » Scale.

2. Select the object to scale.

3. Select the base point.

4. Enter r (Reference).

5. Select the first and second reference points, or enter a value for the reference length.

Modify toolbar

Command entry: SCALE

To stretch an object by reference

Modify toolbar:

Modify menu: Stretch

Command entry: stretch

Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or crossing-polygon...

Select objects: Use the cpolygon option or the crossing object selection method, and press
ENTER. Individually selected objects and objects that are completely enclosed by the
crossing selection are moved rather than stretched.

STRETCH moves only the vertices and endpoints that lie inside the crossing selection,
leaving those outside unchanged. STRETCH does not modify 3D solids, polyline width,
tangent, or curve-fitting information.

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 Base Point

Specify base point or [Displacement] <last displacement>: Specify a base point or enter
displacement coordinates

Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: Specify a second point, or press
ENTER to use the previous coordinates as a displacement

Displacement

Specify displacement <last value>: Enter displacement values for X,Y (and optionally Z)

If you enter a second point, the objects are stretched the vector distance from the base point to
the second point. If you press ENTER at the Specify Second Point of Displacement prompt,
the first point is treated as an X,Y,Z displacement.

To lengthen the objects and the included angle of arcs

Modify menu: Lengthen

Command entry: lengthen

Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: Select one object or enter an option

bject Selection

Displays the length and, where applicable, the included angle of the object.

LENGTHEN does not affect closed objects. The extrusion direction of the selected object
need not be parallel to the Z axis of the current user coordinate system (UCS).

Current length: <current>, included angle: <current>

Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: Select one object, enter an option, or

press ENTER to end the command

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Changes the length of an object by a specified increment, measured from the endpoint that is
closest to the selection point. Delta also changes the angle of an arc by a specified increment,
measured from the endpoint that is closest to the selection point. A positive value extends the
object; a negative value trims it.

Enter delta length or [Angle] <current>: Specify a distance, enter a, or press ENTER

Delta Length

Changes the length of the object by the specified increment.

Select an object to change or [Undo]: Select one object or enter u

The prompt repeats until you press ENTER to end the command.

Angle

Changes the included angle of the selected arc by the specified angle.

Enter delta angle <current>: Specify an angle or press ENTER

Select an object to change or [Undo]: Select one object or enter u

The prompt repeats until you press ENTER to end the command.

Percent

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Sets the length of an object by a specified percentage of its total length.

Enter percentage length <current>: Enter a positive nonzero value or press ENTER

Select an object to change or [Undo]: Select one object or enter u

The prompt repeats until you press ENTER to end the command.l

Sets the length of a selected object by specifying the total absolute length from the fixed
endpoint. Total also sets the included angle of a selected arc by a specified total angle.

Specify total length or [Angle] <current>: Specify a distance, enter a positive nonzero value,
enter a, or press ENTER

Total Length

Lengthens the object to the specified value from the endpoint that is closest to the selection
point.

Select an object to change or [Undo]: Select one object or enter u

The prompt repeats until you press ENTER to end the command.

Angle

Sets the included angle of the selected arc.

Specify total angle <current>: Specify an angle or press ENTER

Select an object to change or [Undo]: Select one object or enter u

The prompt repeats until you press ENTER to end the command.

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Turns on Dynamic Dragging mode. You change the length of a selected object by dragging
one of its endpoints. The other end remains fixed.

Select an object to change or [Undo]: Select one object or enter u

The prompt repeats until you press ENTER to end the command.

I. TRIM and EXTEND

You can shorten or lengthen objects to meet the edges of other objects.

This means you can first create an object such as a line and then later adjust it to fit exactly
between other objects.

Objects you select as cutting edges or boundary edges are not required to intersect the object
being trimmed. You can trim or extend an object to a projected edge or to an extrapolated
intersection; that is, where the objects would intersect if they were extended.

If you do not specify a boundary and press ENTER at the Select Objects prompt, all
displayed objects become potential boundaries.

Note To select cutting edges or boundary edges that include blocks, you can use only the
single selection, Crossing, Fence, and Select All options.

Trim Objects

You can trim objects so that they end precisely at boundary edges defined by other objects.

For example, you can clean up the intersection of two walls smoothly by trimming.

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An object can be one of the cutting edges and one of the objects being trimmed. For example,
in the illustrated light fixture, the circle is a cutting edge for the construction lines and is also
being trimmed.

When you trim several objects, the different selection methods can help you choose the
current cutting edges and objects to trim. In the following example, the cutting edges are
selected using crossing selection.

The following example uses the fence selection method to select a series of objects for
trimming.

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You can trim objects to their nearest intersection with other objects. Instead of selecting
cutting edges, you press ENTER. Then, when you select the objects to trim, the nearest
displayed objects act as cutting edges. In this example, the walls are trimmed so that they
intersect smoothly.

You can extend objects without leaving the TRIM command. Hold down SHIFT and select
the objects to be extended.

Extend Objects

Extending operates the same way as trimming. You can extend objects so they end precisely
at boundary edges defined by other objects. In this example, you extend the lines precisely to
a circle, which is the boundary edge.

You can trim objects without leaving the EXTEND command. Hold down SHIFT and select
the objects to be trimmed.

Trim and Extend Wide Polylines

2D wide polylines trim and extend at their centerlines. The ends of wide polylines are always
square. Trimming a wide polyline at an angle causes portions of the end to extend beyond the
cutting edge

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If you trim or extend a tapered 2D polyline segment, the width of the extended end is
corrected to continue the original taper to the new endpoint. If this correction gives the
segment a negative ending width, the ending width is forced to 0.

Trim and Extend Spline-Fit Polylines

Trimming a spline-fit polyline removes the curve-fit information and changes the spline-fit
segments into ordinary polyline segments.

Extending a spline-fit polyline adds a new vertex to the control frame for the polyline.

Trims objects at a cutting edge defined by other objects

Modify toolbar:

Modify menu: Trim

Command entry: trim

Current settings: Projection = current Edge = current

Select cutting edges...

Select objects or <select all>: Select one or more objects and press ENTER, or press ENTER
to select all displayed objects

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 J. Objects to Trim

Specifies the object to trim. The prompt for selecting the object to trim repeats so you can
trim multiple objects. Press ENTER to exit the command.

Extends an object to meet another object

Modify toolbar:

Modify menu: Extend

Command entry: extend

Select boundary edges...

Select objects or <select all>: Select one or more objects and press ENTER, or press ENTER
to select all displayed objects

Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or [Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/Undo]: Select

objects to extend, or hold down SHIFT and select an object to trim, or enter an option

Boundary Object Selection Object Selection

Uses the selected objects to define the boundary edges to which you want to extend an object.

Object to Extendject to Extend

Specifies the objects to extend. Press ENTER to end the command.

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 K. BREAK A POINT, BREAK and JOIN

Breaks the selected object between two points

Modify toolbar:

Modify menu: Break

Command entry: break

Select object: Use an object selection method, or specify the first break point (1) on an object

The prompts that are displayed next depend on how you select the object. If you select the
object by using your pointing device, the program both selects the object and treats the
selection point as the first break point. At the next prompt you can continue by specifying the
second point or overriding the first point.

Specify second break point or [First point]: Specify the second break point (2) or enter f

Second Break Point

Specifies the second point to use to break the object.

First Point
Overrides the original first point with the new point that you specify.

Specify first break point:

Specify second break point:

The portion of the object is erased between the two points that you specify. If the second
point is not on the object, the nearest point on the object is selected; therefore, to break off
one end of a line, arc, or polyline, specify the second point beyond the end to be removed.

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To split an object in two without erasing a portion, enter the same point for both the first and
second points. You can do this by entering @ to specify the second point.

Lines, arcs, circles, polylines, ellipses, splines, donuts, and several other object types can be
split into two objects or have one end removed.

The program converts a circle to an arc by removing a piece of the circle starting
counterclockwise from the first to the second point.

Join objects to form a single, unbroken object

Modify toolbar:

Modify menu: Join

Command entry: join

Select source object: Select a line, polyline, arc, elliptical arc, spline, or helix

Depending on the source object selected, one of the following prompts is displayed:

Line

Select lines to join to source: Select one or more lines and press ENTER

The line objects must be collinear (lying on the same infinite line), but can have gaps
between them.

Polyline

Select objects to join to source: Select one or more objects and press ENTER

The objects can be lines, polylines, or arcs. The objects cannot have gaps between them, and
must lie on the same plane parallel to the UCS XY plane.

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 Arc

Select arcs to join to source or [cLose]: Select one or more arcs and press ENTER, or enter L

The arc objects must lie on the same imaginary circle, but can have gaps between them. The
Close option converts the source arc into a circle.

Note When joining two or more arcs, the arcs are joined counterclockwise beginning from
the source object.

Elliptical Arc

Select elliptical arcs to join to source or [cLose]: Select one or more elliptical arcs and press
ENTER, or enter L

The elliptical arcs must lie on the same ellipse, but can have gaps between them. The Close
option closes the source ellipstical arc into a complete ellipse.

Note When joining two or more elliptical arcs, the elliptical arcs are joined counterclockwise
beginning from the source object.

Spline

Select splines or helixes to join to source: Select one or more splines or helixes and press
ENTER

The spline and helix objects must be contiguous (lying end-to-end). The resulting object is a
single spline.

Helix

Select splines or helixes to join to source: Select one or more splines or helixes and press
ENTER

The helix objects must be contiguous (lying end-to-end). The resulting object is a single
spline.

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 L. CHAMFER

A chamfer connects two objects with an angled line. It is usually used to represent a beveled
edge on a corner.

You can chamfer

 Lines
 Polylines
 Rays
 Xlines
 3D solids

CHAMFER can be used to bevel all corners of a polyline using a single command.

Note Chamfering a hatch boundary that was defined from line segments removes hatch
associativity. If the hatch boundary was defined from a polyline, associativity is maintained.

If both objects being chamfered are on the same layer, the chamfer line is created on that
layer. Otherwise, the chamfer line is created on the current layer. The layer affects object
properties including color and linetype.

Use the Multiple option to chamfer more than one set of objects without leaving the
command.

Chamfer by Specifying Distances

The chamfer distance is the amount each object is trimmed or extended to meet the chamfer
line or to intersect the other. If both chamfer distances are 0, chamfering trims or extends the
two objects until they intersect but does not create a chamfer line. You can hold down SHIFT
while selecting the objects to override the current chamfer distances with a value of 0.

79
In the following example, you set the chamfer distance to 0.5 for the first line and 0.25 for the
second line. After you specify the chamfer distance, you select the two lines as shown.

Trim and Extend Chamfered Objects

By default, objects are trimmed when chamfered, but you can use the Trim option to specify
that they remain untrimmed.

Chamfer by Specify Length and Angle

You can chamfer two objects by specifying where on the first selected object the chamfer line
starts, and then the angle the chamfer line forms with this object.

In this example, you chamfer two lines so that the chamfer line starts 1.5 units from the
intersection along the first line and forms an angle of 30 degrees with this line.

Chamfer Polylines and Polyline Segments

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If the two objects you select for chamfering are segments of a polyline, they must be adjacent
or separated by no more than one arc segment. If they are separated by an arc segment, as
shown in the illustration, chamfering deletes the arc and replaces it with a chamfer line.

Chamfer an Entire Polyline

When you chamfer an entire polyline, each intersection is chamfered. For best results, keep
the first and second chamfer distances equal.

In this example, the chamfer distances are set to equal values.

When you chamfer an entire polyline, only the segments that are long enough to
accommodate the chamfer distance are chamfered. The polyline in the following illustration
has some segments too short to be chamfered.

Chamfers or Bevels the edges of objects

Modify toolbar:

Modify menu: Chamfer

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 Command entry: chamfer

(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = current, Dist2 = current

Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: Use an object

selection method or enter an option

First Lineirst Line

Specifies the first of two edges required to define a 2D chamfer, or the edge of a 3D solid to
chamfer.

Select second line or shift-select to apply corner: Use an object selection method or hold
down SHIFT and select an object to create a sharp corner

If you select lines or polylines, their lengths adjust to accommodate the chamfer line. You
can hold down SHIFT while selecting the objects to override the current chamfer distances
with a value of 0.

If the selected objects are line segments of a 2D polyline, they must be adjacent or separated
by no more than one segment. If they're separated by another polyline segment, CHAMFER
deletes the segment that separates them and replaces it with the chamfer.

If you select an edge on a 3D solid, you must indicate which one of the two surfaces adjacent
to the edge is the base surface.

Base surface selection...

Enter surface selection option [Next/OK (current)] <OK>: Enter n or o, or press ENTER

Entering o or pressing ENTER sets the selected surface as the base surface. Entering n selects
either of the two surfaces adjacent to the selected edge.

Specify base surface chamfer distance <current>:

Specify other surface chamfer distance <current>:

After you select the base surface and the chamfer distances, select the edges of the base
surface to chamfer. You can select edges individually or all the edges at once.

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Select an edge or [Loop]: Select an edge, enter L, or press ENTER

Edge

Selects an individual edge to chamfer.

Loop

Switches to Edge Loop mode.

Select an edge loop or [Edge]: Select an edge, enter e, or press ENTER

Edge Loop
Selects all edges on the base surface.

Edge
Switches to Edge mode.

UndoUndo

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Reverses the previous action in the command.

Polylinelyline

Chamfers an entire 2D polyline.

Select 2D polyline:

The intersecting polyline segments are chamfered at each vertex of the polyline. Chamfers
become new segments of the polyline.

If the polyline includes segments that are too short to accommodate the chamfer distance,
those segments are not chamfered.

DistanceDistance

Sets the distance of the chamfer from the endpoint of the selected edge.

Specify first chamfer distance <current>:

Specify second chamfer distance <current>:

If you set both distances to zero, CHAMFER extends or trims the two lines so they end at the
same point.

AngleAngle

84
Sets the chamfer distances using a chamfer distance for the first line and an angle for the
second line.

Specify chamfer length on the first line <current>:

Specify chamfer angle from the first line <current>:

Trimm

Controls whether CHAMFER trims the selected edges to the chamfer line endpoints.

Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim] <current>:

Note Trim sets the TRIMMODE system variable to 1; No Trim sets TRIMMODE to 0.

If the TRIMMODE system variable is set to 1, CHAMFER trims the intersecting lines to the
endpoints of the chamfer line. If the selected lines do not intersect, CHAMFER extends or
trims them so that they do. If TRIMMODE is set to 0, the chamfer is created without
trimming the selected lines.

Method Met

Controls whether CHAMFER uses two distances or a distance and an angle to create the
chamfer.

Enter trim method [Distance/Angle] <current>:

Multiple

Chamfers the edges of more than one set of objects. CHAMFER displays the main prompt
and the Select Second Object prompt repeatedly until you press ENTER to end the command.

M. FILLET

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A fillet connects two objects with an arc that is tangent to the objects and has a specified
radius.

An inside corner is called a fillet and an outside corner is called a round; you can create both
using the FILLET command.

You can fillet

 Arcs
 Circles
 Ellipses and elliptical arcs
 Lines
 Polylines
 Rays
 Splines
 Xlines
 3D solids

FILLET can be used to round all corners on a polyline using a single command.

Note Filleting a hatch boundary that was defined from line segments removes hatch
associativity. If the hatch boundary was defined from a polyline, associativity is maintained.

If both objects being filleted are on the same layer, the fillet arc is created on that layer.
Otherwise, the fillet arc is created on the current layer. The layer affects object properties
including color and line type.

Use the Multiple option to fillet more than one set of objects without leaving the command.

Set the Fillet Radius

86
The fillet radius is the radius of the arc that connects filleted objects. Changing the fillet
radius affects subsequent fillets. If you set the fillet radius to 0, filleted objects are trimmed or
extended until they intersect, but no arc is created.

You can hold down SHIFT while selecting the objects to override the current fillet
radius with a value of 0.

Trim and Extend Filleted Objects

You can use the Trim option to specify whether the selected objects are trimmed or extended
to the endpoints of the resulting arc or left unchanged.

Control the Location of the Fillet

Depending on the locations you specify, more than one possible fillet can exist between the
selected objects. Compare the selection locations and resulting fillets in the illustrations.

Fillet Line and Polyline Combinations

To fillet lines with polylines, each line or its extension must intersect one of the polyline line
segments. If the Trim option is on, the filleted objects and the fillet arc join to form a single
new polyline.

87
Fillet an Entire Polyline

You can fillet an entire polyline or remove fillets from an entire polyline.

If you set a nonzero fillet radius, FILLET inserts fillet arcs at the vertex of each polyline
segment that is long enough to accommodate the fillet radius.

If two polyline line segments converge as they approach an arc segment that separates them,
FILLET removes the arc segment and replaces it with a fillet arc.

If you set the fillet radius to 0, no fillet arcs are inserted. If two polyline line segments are
separated by one arc segment, FILLET removes that arc and extends the lines until they
intersect.

Fillet Parallel Lines

You can fillet parallel lines, xlines, and rays. The current fillet radius temporarily adjusts to
create an arc that is tangent to both objects and located in the plane common to both objects.

88
The first selected object must be a line or a ray, but the second object can be a line, an xline,
or a ray. The fillet arc connects as shown in the illustration.

Fillet Objects with Non-Zero Thickness in 3D

You can fillet coplanar objects with extrusion directions not parallel to the Z axis of the
current UCS. FILLET determines the extrusion direction for the fillet arc in 3D space closest
to the direction of the Z axis of the current UCS.

If you select lines, arcs, or polylines, their lengths adjust to accommodate the fillet arc. You
can hold down SHIFT while selecting the objects to override the current fillet radius with a
value of 0.

If the selected objects are straight line segments of a 2D polyline, they can be adjacent or
separated by one other segment. If they are separated by another polyline segment, FILLET
deletes the segment that separates them and replaces it with the fillet.

More than one fillet can exist between arcs and circles. Select the objects close to where you
want the endpoints of the fillet.

89
FILLET does not trim circles; the fillet arc meets the circle smoothly.

If you select a 3D solid, you can select multiple edges, but you must select the edges
individually.

Enter fillet radius <current>: Specify a distance or press ENTER

Select an edge or [Chain/Radius]: Select edge(s), enter c, or enter r

Edge

Selects a single edge. You can continue to select single edges until you press ENTER.

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If you select three or more edges that converge at a vertex to form the corner of a box,
FILLET computes a vertex blend that is part of a sphere if the three incident fillets have the
same radii.

N. Chain

Changes from selection of single edges to selection of sequential tangent edges, called a
chain selection.

Select edge chain or <Edge/Radius>: Select an edge chain, enter e, or enter r

O. Edge Chain
Selects a tangential sequence of edges when you select a single edge. For example, if you
select an edge on the top of a 3D solid box, FILLET also selects the other tangential edges on
the top.

P. Edge
Switches to a single-edge selection mode.

Q. Radius
Defines the radius of the rounded edge.

Radius

Defines the radius of the rounded edge.

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Enter fillet radius <current>: Specify a distance or press ENTER

The previous prompt is displayed:

Select an edge or [Chain/Radius]: Select one or more edges, or enter c or r

R. Undo

Reverses the previous action in the command.

S. Polyline

Inserts fillet arcs at each vertex of a 2D polyline where two line segments meet.

Select 2D polyline:

If one arc segment separates two line segments that converge as they approach the arc
segment, FILLET removes the arc segment and replaces it with a fillet arc.

Radius

Defines the radius of the fillet arc.

Specify fillet radius <current>: Specify a distance or press ENTER

The value you enter becomes the current radius for subsequent FILLET commands.
Changing this value does not affect existing fillet arcs.

T. Trim

Controls whether FILLET trims the selected edges to the fillet arc endpoints.

Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim] <current>: Enter an option or press ENTER

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Trim
Trims the selected edges to the fillet arc endpoints.

No Trim
Does not trim the selected edges.

U. Multiple

Rounds the edges of more than one set of objects. FILLET displays the main prompt and the
Select Second Object prompt repeatedly until you press ENTER to end the command.

To Round and fillet the edges of objects

Modify toolbar:

Modify menu: Fillet

Command entry: fillet

Current settings: Mode = current, Radius = current

Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: Use an object selection method

or enter an option

93
Self-Check 2 Produce and Modify CAD drawings

Name: _______________________ Date: _______________

Test I: Short Answer Questions

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Examples may be necessary to aid some
explanations/answers.
1. What do you mean by chamfer dist 1 and dist 2 AutoCAD 2007? (2points)
2. When can we chamfer an object? (2 points)
3. How do you chamfer an object? (2 points)
4. What do you need in order to fillet an object?. (2 points)
5. What is a “fillet radius”? (2 points)
6. What is the difference between a rectangular and polar array? (2 points)

Test II: Multiple Choice

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Select only the letter of your choice
corresponding to the answer.

1. How long will line from 1,4 to @4<5 be? (2points)

a. Three units b. Four units c. Five units d. 3.5467 units
2. Will UNDO a command? (2 points)
a. Ctrl + U b. Alt + U c. Ctrl + Z d. Alt + Z
3. When using the TRIM command, which do you select first? (2 points)
a. The cutting edges b. The object to trimmed c. Everything d. Nothing
4. What is the best way of drawing a rectangle? (2 points)
a. Using the Line command b. Using the Polyline command
c. Using the Rectangle command d. Using the Multiline command
5. To move something four units to the right, what would be the 2nd point of
displacement? (2 points)
a. @4, 0 b. @4<0 c. Neither 1 nor 2 b. Both 1 and 2

94
Test III : Matching Type : Below are two columns A & B. Match column A with column B.
In column A are the names of the tools in the modify toolbar and in column B are the icons
assigned for tools in the modify toolbar. Write only the corresponding letter of your choice in
the space provided before the number in column A. (2points each x 10 = 20 points)

A B

_____ 1. Move .

_____ 2. Fillet
A. . F.
_____ 3. Rotate

_____ 4. Extend B. G.

_____ 5. Erase
C. H.
_____ 6. Property

_____ 7. Mirror D. I.

_____ 8. Scale
E. J.
_____ 9. Trim

_____ 10. Chamfer

95
Operation Sheet Produce and Modify CAD drawings

Operation Title: Basic AutoCAD Toolbars

Instruction: Open the AutoCAD program and follow the guides and instructions
Purpose:
This learning guide will give fundamental knowledge of using the most common and basic
toolbars used in AutoCAD. The activities will give the student the ability to move around
AutoCAD with ease by using the relevant toolbars.
Conditions or Situations for the Operation:
In the first activity, a guide is provided in order to accomplish the activity clearly. There are
two task to accomplish, the first one involves how to chamfer, fillet and offset objects. The
next one involves how to array objects..
Equipment, Tools and Materials :
 Desktop Computer with installed AutoCAD 2007 program
 Multimedia Overhead Projector or Beamer
 CAD room
Procedure:
1 Power on the desktop computer.
2 Check to see that the resolution is set to at least a minimum of 1024 x 768 setting.
3 From the windows program start button or from the desktop AutoCAD icon, run the
program.
4 Select the 2D classic option for opening the CAD program and select the template
“acad.dwt” (this is a 2D environment of the CAD).
5 Explore the CAD Graphical User Interface (or as instructed by your teacher).
6 Read the Learning Guide Material and when ready answer the Lap Test below.
Precautions :
a. The desktop computer unit is powered electrically so take extra care in using
the unit.
b. Check your outlets, and electrical cables used in the unit. Report to your
teacher any damage or busted part of the unit for necessary replacement.
c. Observe proper posture of body in drafting works to avoid if not minimize
body stress.
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LAP Test Produce and Modify CAD drawings

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ________________
Instructions:
1. Open the AutoCAD program and follow the guides and instructions given to
you by your teacher.:
Request from your teacher the following materials.
 Working and in good running condition desktop computer unit with table and
chair
2. Save the new file as Exer 002 in your working directory.
3. The following activities involves more on the usage of basic tools in modify
toolbar. This will test your understanding regarding the techniques on creating
the objects in these activities and how to use the modify tools effectively and
efficiently.
4. When you are ready, accomplish the given task below.
Task I : Draw the Figure as shown below. Hint : Draw the Biggest rectangle 100MM x
150MM. Offset the other two inner rectangles using offset distance of 10MM. Do the rest as
indicated in the drawing.

Task II : Using Array command draw the Metal plate shown below with dimensions in full
scale. Use construction lines when necessary. Use object snapping to accurate connect the
points.

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5 You are given 2 hours to accomplish the task.
6 Ask your teacher for an evaluation and feedback

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Unit Three: Produce the output files of the Auto CAD software

This learning unit is developed to provide the trainees the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Save drawing files.
 Print existing drawing files
 Shut down program and computer
This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
Identify different file formats of Auto CAD
Print Auto CAD files using plotter or equivalent devices
Print Auto CAD files from layouts
Close Programs and shut down the computer

3.1. Save Drawing file

Any information processed by and sent out from a computer or other electronic device is
considered output. An example of output is anything viewed on your

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computer monitor screen, such as the words you type on your keyboard. Without some type
of output that a human could see, feel, or hear, a human could not interact with the computer.
In the picture, the bottom half shows data sent from a computer to a printer. When the printer
finishes printing its hard copy, the paper is considered a form of output.

Examples of output on a computer

There are four basic types of output: audio output, graphics output, text output, and video
output. Below are examples of each type of these outputs.

Audio output

 Digital music files, Digitized speech, Podcasts, Screen reader, Speech synthesis,
Text-to-speech ,VoIP

Graphics output

 Charts and graphs, Hard copy, Images, Photos, Soft copy

Text output

 Blog, Hard copy, Soft copy, Website

Video output

 Soft copy, Streaming content, Video clips, Vlogging

Tip

See our output device page for a list of output devices used with a computer.

In addition to computers, output can be produced from any electronic device. For example, a
water heater may receive input from a temperature sensor. The output would be a signal that
turns on a pilot light or gas burner to heat the water to the desired temperature.

It is vital to save your file as early as possible. Moreover, save anytime, and the moment you
think it is appropriate. I usually save within 15 min (at least four times per hour).

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 [STEP 01] Click [Application menu] > Click [Save]

 [STEP 02] Select a project folder on your hard drive, external hard drive, USB, Drop
box, or One drive

 [STEP 03] Recommended file type – AutoCAD 2007/LT2007 Drawing(*.dwg)

 [STEP04]Recommended file meEames_House_Project_Firstname_Lastname_01.dwg

3.2. Print existing drawing files

Before starting to plot you should zoom out so that all of your drawing or image is contained
within the screen, with some free space around it to make selection easy.

Now, to plot the drawing:

From the pull-down menu, click File => Print or

At the Command: prompt type plot, and on the main screen, the Print / Plot
Configuration dialogue box will appear).

When the box appears make sure that these items are selected:

-Under the heading Paper size and Orientation click on mm and A size paper.

-Click on the Rotation and Origin bar. Type 0.000 by x and 0.000 by y if not
already there.

-While in Rotation and Origin change the orientation to90degrees.

-Look at the box marked to Scale to Fit, and if a check appears in the box, click
on it to deselect.

-Under Plotted MM=Drawing Units type 1=1

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-Under Additional Parameters click on Extents.

M. Adding New Layout & Selecting Printer and Paper Size

Figure 3.1 Printer and Paper Size

From Pull Down Menu click Insert – Layout – Create Layout Wizard.

Figure 3.2 Layout Wizard

Below are the Steps in creating a new layout for PDF printing output with corresponding
paper size.

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 Figure 3.3 Layout-Begin
Rename the Layout3 Name to Exercise 01 (or any name of layout).

Figure 3.4 Layout-Begin

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 Select the Printer that you would like to use (see below)…

Figure 3.5 layout-printer

Select appropriate paper size…

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 Figure 3.6 layout paper size
Choose appropriate units for the selected paper…and choosing mm in drawing units…

Figure 3.7 paper size

Choose paper layout orientation (by default it is set to landscape, you can accept this default)

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 Figure 3.8 lay out-orientation
Accept the default by clicking next in title block option…

Figure 3.9 layout Title Block

Click next for define viewport option…

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 Figure 3.1 Layout-Define Viewports

Figure 3.11 layout Pick Location

Click Finish When to close layout wizard.

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 Figure 3.12 layout -Finish

Check to see that the newly created layout has the dimensions 290.65 x 203.65

Figure 3.13 layout dimensions

The Above figure shows the result after setting up A4 Paper size for PDF printing output.

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The resulting output, take note that the original 297mm x 210mm A4 Paper has an effective
drawing area of 289.66mm by 203.67mm after setting up paper size and printer.
Figure 3.14 Paper size

Figure 3.15 layout Paper size unit

3.3 Shut down the program and computer

Shut down is closing all software programs in preparation to turn off a computer's power.
The operating system is the last program to be closed as part of a computer's shut down
process. We recommend all computers be properly shut down to help prevent data corruption.
The picture shows examples of different Microsoft Windows shut down screens. In the top
picture, Windows 7 displays a shutting down message while it is shutting down. Early
computers were not capable of turning themselves off, so Windows 98 displayed a message
when it was safe to turn off the computer after doing a shutdown.

A. What is the keyboard shortcut key to shut down?

The keyboard shortcut key and options you have available to shut down the computer depend
on the operating system you're using. The following is a list of operating systems their
keyboard shortcut keys and options.

B. Microsoft Windows users

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The Alt+F4 keyboard shortcut closes any open program and is also used as a keyboard
shortcut to shutdown Windows. From the Windows desktop, press Alt+F4 to open the Shut
Down Windows window. If the selected option is Shut down, press the Enter to confirm the
shutdown. If you want to choose another action, use ↑ or ↓ arrow keys to change to restart or
sleep and then press Enter.

Tip With Windows 10, you can also right-click Start and select Shut down or Sign out.
Using the steps in the following link, you can also create a shortcut with a command that
shuts down the computer. Once done, you can assign any keyboard shortcut key to execute
that shortcut to shut down the computer.

 How to shut down or restart the computer with a batch file.

C. Apple macOS users

The keyboard shortcut to shut down an Apple computer running macOS

is Ctrl+Option+Command+Eject button button.

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Self-Check 3 Produce the output files of the Auto CAD software

Name __________________________ Date__________________

Test I: Short Answer Questions

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Examples may be necessary to aid some
explanations/answers.

1. What is the purpose of plot style? (2points)

2. What is the use of Page Setup Manager? (2 points)

3. How many options are available in printing display and what are they?. (4 points)

4. What is a “ped” file in AutoCAD? (2 points)

Test II: Short Answer Questions: Multiple Choice

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Select only the letter of your choice
corresponding to the answer.

1. How long will line from 1,4 to @4<5 be? (2points)

a. Three units’ b. Four units c. Five units d. 3.5467 units

2. Will UNDO a command? (2 points)

a. Ctrl + U b. Alt + U c. Ctrl + Z d. Alt + Z

3. When using the TRIM command, which do you select first? (2 points)

a. The cutting edges b. The object to trimmed c. everything d. Nothing

4. What is the best way of drawing a rectangle? (2 points)

a. Using the Line command c. Using the Polyline command

b. Using the Rectangle command d. Using the Multiline command

5. To move something four units to the right, what would be the 2nd point of displacement?
(2 points)

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 a. @4,0 b. @4<0 c. Neither 1 nor 2 d. Both 1 and 2

Operation Sheet Produce the output files of the Auto CAD software
Operation Title: Overview and Plotting Setup

Instruction: plot CAD works in either soft or hard copy output

Purpose : This learning guide will give overview and information on how to setup page and
select printer for plotting CAD works in either soft or hard copy output. The activity will
give the student the ability to plot his ‘her drawing files and understand how to setup basic
printing configuration in AutoCAD.

Conditions or Situations for The Operation : A guide is provided in order to accomplish

the activity clearly. There is one task to accomplish that is to go to the Page Setup Manager
and setup page size for printing layouts in AutoCAD by selecting a specific printer and paper
size.

Equipment, Tools and Materials:

 Desktop Computer with installed AutoCAD 2007 program

 Multimedia Overhead Projector or Beamer
 CAD room

Procedure:

1. Power on the desktop computer.

2. Check to see that the resolution is set to at least a minimum of 1024 x 768 setting.
3. From the windows program start button or from the desktop AutoCAD icon, run the
program.
4. Select the 2D classic option for opening the CAD program and select the template
“acad.dwt”(this is a 2D environment of the CAD).
5. Explore the CAD Graphical User Interface (or as instructed by your teacher).
6. Read the Learning Guide Material and when ready answer the Lap Test below.

Precautions:

1. The desktop computer unit is powered electrically so take extra care in using the unit.

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2. Check your outlets, and electrical cables used in the unit. Report to your teacher any
damage or busted part of the unit for necessary replacement.

3. Observe proper posture of body in drafting works to avoid if not minimize body stress.

LAP Test Produce the output files of the Auto CAD software
Name:_____________________________ Date:_______________________

Time started:______________ Time finished:________________________

Instructions: Open the AutoCAD program and follow the guides and instructions given to
you by your teacher.:

1. Request from your teacher the following materials.

 Working and in good running condition desktop computer unit with table and chair
2. Save the new file as Exer 002 in your working directory.
3. The following activities involves more on the usage of basic tools in modify toolbar.
This will test your understanding regarding the techniques on creating the objects in these
activities and how to use the modify tools effectively and efficiently.
4. When you are ready, accomplish the given task below.

Task I: Go to File Menu, then click Page Setup Manager and setup a page for printing A3
size paper. Select any available printer installed in your computer desktop.

5. You are given 1hour to accomplish the task.

6. Ask your teacher for an evaluation and feedback.

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Reference

1.Hu-Renxi Auto cad 2008 PUBLISHING HOUSE OF SCIENCE.2008

2. Engineering Drawing and Graphic Technique By: French and Vierck

3. Basic Drafting By: Marting Clifford Graphics By: Ryle and Looms

4. Engineering Drawing Problems By: Vierck and Hang

5. Descriptive Geometry for Engineers By: Bradley and Uhler

6. Engineering Drawing and Geometry By: Hoelscher ;and Stringer

7. Introduction to AutoCAD2008 2D and 3D design by:Alf Yarwood, 1st edition 2007

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