www.ierjournal.

org International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ) Special Issue 2 Page 2041-2046, 2015, ISSN 2395-1621

Design and stress analysis of single

ISSN 2395-1621
girder jib crane
#1
Amreeta R.K1, #2Dr.V.Singh2

1
amree2710@gmail.com
2
vsinghdr@rediffmail.com

1
P.G. student Mechanical Department, DYPIET Pimpri, Pune,
2
Professor and Head of Mechanical Engg. Department, DYPIET, Pimpri,Pune

ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO

Jib cranes are commonly and widely used in customer segments, from small Article History
workshops to assembly lines, harbors and even nuclear plants. Main Component of Jib
Received :18th November
Crane is Girder Beam which transfers load to structural member. A crane girder is a
2015
preformed metal beam on which the crab or hoist head of a jib crane runs. This study
aims at design and stress analysis of single girder wall mounted jib crane of following Received in revised form :
specification:
19th November 2015
i. load carrying capacity 1000 kg,
ii. span length 2.5 m Accepted : 21st November ,
iii. swing range 180 degrees 2015
It is plant to use the girder beams of different cross sections and optimize the
parameters using FEM (ansys). Comparative analysis is carried out by using analytical Published online :
and FE approaches on the girder beams. 22nd November 2015

Keywords— Jib crane, FEM (ansys), Girder beam, Analytical.

I. INTRODUCTION countries [3].The following crane design has been

Jib Cranes are used for material handling in
many industries. The purpose is to move loads from one
location to other in its circular swept area. Their design
features vary widely according to their major operational
specifications such as: type of motion of the crane structure,
weight and type of the load, location of the crane,
geometric features, operating regimes and environmental
conditions [10.]There are various parts of Jib Crane like its
supporting wall or column, the cantilever girder beam
which picks up the load and the hoist which moves on the
boom (girder beam) of the crane. While in operation the
crane and its parts are exposed to various loads like
bending loads, compressive load, tensile load and loads due
to weather i.e. wind loads etc. While designing the class of
operation and classification of the crane has to be known so
that appropriate loads can be considered while designing
the crane, along with that the standard practices of
respective countries has to be followed and design shall
conform to the standards given by the authority of
considered according to Indian standards. Out of the
various elements of the Jib crane, the girder beam was
under consideration for the analysis. The jib crane beam,
for design purpose can be considered as a cantilever with
its one end fixed.
The detail classification of the crane is specified. Wall
mounted jib crane of 2.5m span is selected for the analysis.
Here the crane was identified to be from group M5 with
class of utilization “B” i.e. regular use on intermittent duty
with moderate state of loading/stress.
The analytical calculations for the maximum stress
developed and the maximum deflection occurring in
different cross section of beam are calculated for the sorted
range of commercially available sizes of beam which are
selected arbitrarily for the given loading conditions and
then the modeling of the same designs is made using FEM
software itself and tested for the given loading conditions.
Comparative analysis is carried out by using analytical and
FE approaches on the beam.

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 www.ierjournal.org International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ) Special Issue 2 Page 2041-2046, 2015, ISSN 2395-1621
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Gerdemeli,Kurt S, Tasdemir B [1] carried out Analytical
Analysis of the Jib Crane according to FEM and DIN
standards. In this section of the study, stress and
deformation of the boom and stress of the crane main frame
were calculated, taking into account the wind, acceleration
and the braking loads. The next stage of the study includes
the analysis of the JIB crane with finite element method. At
the end of the study, results of the analytical calculation
and the results that were obtained by finite element method
have been compared. According to these comparison
results, it has been seen that, the error margins were
between the acceptable boundaries. In crane design process
and the similar studies which require repetitive calculations,
designers can save time by using finite element method on
condition that checking the reliability of the method for the
model. Constructor can change the model in computer
environment and get the results of the new design via finite
element method without wasting time. And this is the most
practical and reliable way to reach the optimum design in
terms of strength, weight and cost
Sunil R. Kewate et al [2] carried out the investigations for
the jib crane system currently in use was analyzed for
various modes of failure and then selected the major
Krunal Gandharel,Vinay Thute [4] made an attempt to
optimize the Boom of 1 ton Jib crane as per Indian
Standards using simple and easily available Excel solver‟s
Evolutionary Algorithm.The optimization technique used
here is Evolutionary nonlinear optimization code for
various dimension of the box beam cantilever or boom of
the Jib crane. Evolutionary nonlinear optimization code is
available in MS Excel Spread Sheet Solver under Data tab
available in the software (2010 Version), they focused on
carrying out the optimization of the boom with
evolutionary algorithm without considering the stiffener
design. Reduction in the mass of the jib crane boom
without compromising its strength and keeping design
conformed to IS 15419 and IS 800 is carried out.
Sergio Armán Morles [5] for given loads, analyzed and
designed (analytically and with Catia software) different
beams for an overhead crane. After obtaining the analytical
and the software (Catia) results for each beam, he
compared the results between them and presented the
conclusion. As seen in the results , with the IPE section
would be necessary to use two beams in order to form the
crane and lifting the loads given. In contrast, with HD
section, would be sufficient just with one beam to form the
crane.This is because the coefficient of inertia of the HD is
considerably greater than the coefficient of inertia of the
© 2015, IERJ All Rights Reserved
component of jib crane is cantilever I- type beam for the
analysis and furthermore the results are compared with
FEA software- ANSYS. Therefore the cantilever I–type
beam MB125 is recommended and suggested for the
development of jib crane.
K Suresh Bollimpelli,V Ravi Kumar [3] carried out a static,
modal and harmonic analysis of a column mounted jib
crane using ANASYS software is presented. A column
mounted jib crane of 1.5 Ton capacity is modelled using
CATIA which is imported into ANSYS where calculations
are performed. The detailed drawing of various parts of the
crane is obtained from TATA Advanced systems Ltd
(TASL) Adibhatta village, Hyderabad. The hand
calculations of the column mounted jib crane have been
done using simple strength of material expressions. The
deflection is obtained as 3.709mm, when the load applied
is 1.5 tons. The maximum stress obtained is 147.8Mpa
which is less than the allowable stress. For this
hypothetical situation, the von-mises stress and
displacement along the z-directions were obtained using
ANSYS. The maximum von-Mises stress of 60Mpa occurs
at fundamental frequency of 1 Hz. The maximum z-
direction displacement of 5mm was observed. These values
indicate that the column mounted jib crane is safe to
operate under the load of 1.5 Tons under static and cyclic
time dependent loads also
IPE section. He also demonstrated the possible ways to
stiffen the beams if it is necessary more resistance. And
also introduced all the necessary information to calculate
the oversizing coefficients depending on the device future
working conditions.he also gave an overview of all types of
cranes that exist in the industry and their applications and
features
Ajinkya Karpe et al [6] in their studied generated a tower
crane jib model in ANSYS 14.5 workbench and further
analyzed in the same. Two models of Tower Crane jib were
compared initially for axial force and deformation
developed in members of the jib and the better model was
selected for further analysis.In static analysis, crane‟s self
weight, payload, hook weight, trolley weight and wind
loading are considered whereas acceleration, braking, and
angular velocity are considered in dynamic analysis. Wind
loading was observed to be major criteria in the design of
structure for the Tower Crane. As the computed stress
values in the jib are smaller than the allowable stress of
Material (Structural Steel) of the components, it is
observed that the jib crane is safe according to I.S norm.
Use of FEM method for structural analysis of Tower Crane
Jib is validated and hence a lot of computing time can be
saved for the calculation of jib forces
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Self Weight:

III. DESIGN METHDOLOGY

= 147.08 [N/m]
The analytical calculations for the maximum stress developed = 147.08 * 2.5
and the maximum deflection occurring in the cantilever I-
type and rectangular cross section beam are calculated for the Service Load:
sorted range of commercially available sizes of beam which P = 10006.2 N
are selected arbitrarily for the given loading conditions of a jib
crane and then the modeling of the same designs is made Horizontal load due to the own weight in the translation of the
using FEM(ANSYS) software itself and are analyzed for the crane (SH):
given loading conditions.
Arbitrary selection of 4 sizes of beam:
cantilever I -type Beam MB100, MB125,
MB150 and rectangular section 140*80

Analytical stress analysis for The flexure moments created by the loads in most critical
Calculations of σ max and y max for each case section (L/2) are:
1149 [N/m]

[N/m]
Comparison of stress analysis with ANSYS by = 25015.5 [N/m]
determination of σ max and y max for each case.
46.46 [N/m]

Selection of suitable type of beam. As the loads I and II are vertical and loads III and IV are
horizontal, different section modulus (W) are used. Stresses
IV. ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS created by the flexure moment are:

The analytical calculation is carried out for MB150 cantilever

beam for stress analysis and maximum deflection. = [N/ ]
Loads to be considered:‐
 Principal loads acting on the structure for the
motionless elevator. The worst loads are:
Normal operation load: load + accessories
Own weight: crane components weight
 Loads due to horizontal movements:
Accelerations or decelerations.
 Loads due to climatic effects:
Wind, snow, temperature effects.

Following is Jib crane specification used for calculation:

Maximum load to lift: Q = 1000 [ Kg]
Distance between raceways: S = 2.5 [m]
Translation speed of the whole crane: Vtrans = 2.5 [m/s]
Acceleration time of the trolley: taccel = 6.3 [sec
] Stress on the most critical section:
Cantilever I-Type beam, MB150, carrying load -1000Kg σ=
σ=
Table 1: Design details of I beam of size MB150
σ=
Stress acting on beam is 277.1 [MPa]
1) Design 2) D 3) W 4) 5) 6)
y=
ation epth idth WT RT IXX
Maximum deflection of the beam is 0.0345mm
7) MB15 8) 1 9) 7 12) 71 The variables are defined as follows:
10) 11) 8
0 50 5 80000 = stress develpoed in the beam
y=deflection in the beam
Sectional Wx = 95.7 cm3 = 95.7 * 10-6 m3 =own weight/self weight of the beam
Modulus Wy = 12.5 cm3 = 12.5 * 10-6 m3 a =acceleration
P=Service load

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 www.ierjournal.org International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ) Special Issue 2 Page 2041-2046, 2015, ISSN 2395-1621

Flowchart 1: Design Methodology of Cantilever I type beam.

Figure 2 Meshed model of beam

Post processing
Results obtained are plotted for von misses stress distribution
and maximum stress SMAX, and maximum deflection
DMAX is obtained on the window, as shown in the figure.

Figure 3 Stress distribution (von mises)

Figure 1 Cantilever I-type beam.

V. ANALYSIS OF BEAM USING ANSYS FEM

SOFTWARE:

The material considered is structural steel ASTM A36 steel in

this work, stress analysis of a girder beam of jib crane is done
using ANSYS. The model was prepared using CATIA
software, and imported to ANSYS. The model is then meshed
using 3-D solid elements. Analysis of I shaped beam MB 150
is carried out.
Preprocessing
For structural analysis, beam element with linear, Figure 4 Deformation of beam
homogeneous and isotropic material properties is selected. A Further the stresses set up in the various structural members
model of cantilever is constructed in CATIA software which are determined from the case of loading (the working case
is imported to ansys. Meshing is done by line attributes with without wind, the working case with limiting working wind,
smart size control, automatic meshing is done. Degrees of the case of exceptional loading) and a check is made to ensure
freedom are set to zero at rear end. Loading is in negative Y – that there is a sufficient safety coefficient „ ‟ in respect of the
direction. Then current load system is solved. critical stresses. The different cases of loading to be
considered are:
Case loading (Combination of loads):
I. Working without wind.
II. Working with limiting working wind

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 www.ierjournal.org International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ) Special Issue 2 Page 2041-2046, 2015, ISSN 2395-1621

I.

II. M [(Self weight ) + +

(Horizontal Load) ]+ (Wind load in services)

M [( ) + +( )] + ( )
M = Duty factor

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 www.ierjournal.org International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ) Special Issue 2 Page 2041-2046, 2015, ISSN 2395-1621
VI. RESULTS
The analytical and FEM calculations for four different beam
section were carried out and results are listed in the
following table. For which it is clear that beam having I
shape cross section (MB 150) has developed minimum
value of stress and deflection. Hence it is recommended and
suggested for the development of wall mounted jib crane of
span 2.5m and having a load carrying capacity of
1000kg.The analytical and ANSYS results are compared
and the findings shows that results are appropriate with the
error of 0.8% (for MB100) to14.75 % (for MB150) in stress.
Table 2: Comparison of analytical and software analyzed
values (stress and deflection)
VII. CONCLUSION:
From the analysis it can be concluded that the I section has
got better performance than commonly used rectangular
sections. I section has got greater section modulus than
rectangular section even when the area of I section
considered is less than that of the rectangular section. This
makes jib with I section beam stronger than rectangular
section beam. From the static analysis it is clear that the I
sectioned jib crane has got less deformation and stress
developed is also less which makes it more suited in
situations where there is harsh climate. Because of the lesser
deformation and stress, the operating life of the jib is also
improved.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author would like to thank for the valuable suggestions
and guidance rendered by Dr. V Singh, Prof.N.I.Jamadar.
And special thanks to Dr.K.K.Dhande (HOD-Mechanical
Engineering) and Dr. R.K. Jain (Principal) for their extreme
support to complete this assignment.
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© 2015, IERJ All Rights Reserved
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