Tashacp fs I 93.06. big “6 Thuvedag Mopuse 4 Water Assessing the Bualiby of Waker Limpurities : > Phusical impurition t Gmnpurities thak com be sean oy Poll eg colour odour, Lemp eke > Chemical inapani ties 7 Venpunils eo thok are drool ved For pollubed water , tommperat we > aliner . temperature * ‘Tunbidity = tombemt of solids in water (physical) « Salt in woter: chhovides, nibrates, corbonatar, pheophates (wooling powder’) , bicorbonoter , rutbbides (indushial ora) Sowiew of wobe. com be awl. (avo &lakes’) a0 wal o» swbsunface eovecea Copoumdwat a | wal) Some of Hee, chamieah impurities aw :- Nibote : Pom sewage Aflaet (From Food) Chiovide © Rom sewage oflucwk (from Peed) > Biological Gmpwukia + Badera,vivus & Rang ye Ett MPN ~> Most Probable NumberTreat ment of Water « Sedimentation : Settling down by grow hy ender without omy applicahiow of foree oy chemicals Suspended particles will seltle gprickly Callaidal amd dinsvlved ponheles settle voy alovaty * Flocewlation : Cooqamt , vawally Mum (aluminium So swiphate) is added fy the water. Mum with He immpuaities will form gmalk foes amd tho theee 4 fou combine bogethon to form forge floes . . * Filbokiou : Allowing He woter to por Hho nals o ° poo wadiunn (sand } x Disinfection : Cnloination & the wot commonly woed wmutrod for disivgeckion anit is the chaapeat - « Dubibwhon: Purified woken u allowed to Plow inks the moxin pibe From Ye overirod Avoenvoivs and Uv Hom diabribubed Hesougy dish bubion pipes » BA-061 Friday Factors oP fe ching design of Woke supply echewes The design of woke supply schemes depend wpow te jou: faders Rote of demand Rok of dumomd w tre quowlity of water sugared, Poy ove porrow por day. a wit u at capita. | day (Afefa)@). Rae ef dmnomd - _ O & > quombiy of water Px 365 Po population, 4, Design Perted. The period for wthicly the wober cupply sche me is deat qued u called Haedasi qn poriod » M will be di Pawn ty Sor Hr dilfount components - Of will depond. upon several Pockose + At elould wob encod. rw warfud ike 4 the pump Fubwe empamrion — (dus bo inewaoe va populabion) Bk wsith be doi oe to relay Hie diatyi bubiow sytem in jworder fo rank the nado ofim owned popatotion «Sp we should Jor coat pout empanioe + Funds & Rabe of intowat db Bands ane owaihabls omd rake ofintorat ia tear, ik cam be deaiqrasd for w longer period.» Derign period lov pammps = 10 yrans » - penenvoirs — 50 Years : gidibukion nfw — 30 yeors@) Fopulation Gove custin “The note of inoware un populaki on will be dajjoumt fov dalf - regions «The popriation Yoreaating udone with the felb of data available fom enaua dapat monk Fhe omuwed thak te populokion ofa aly ual 4 wok be inowant $s olwoys- ApRew Some = duvoder ik will advo © gakusokiow popwlation - Po = inikiol population Py. sokwrakion 0 Pr = population ob ory ducode We howe be cloore appropri ake eqpnalion for the chy under comoideration - The oqyrakiows ovatlable or + 9 ‘Ayithmelic. imocone method Btu tre simpleat matlod of poprtabion Josseonting - dw tia watbod , if K ovounend, Hoot te population invwacee ab a comstont rake - Lok Po be tre imibiol pobulabiow, .wo Population Ua the wank dread 5 P= Potd Similardy , Pa = Pitd = Pot Ad Population un Hn wth decade [Pa = Per nd whus ds Incwone ur population (avg.imewowt viv population foun ouk hom tee dota awaitall,) ® Geomelvic Imerease Method Sn trig method , iF A ocrumed that He perembage morose of populakion ts a cowtamt + Ik MW, 12. Tn beta f morane of popwlahon unr Several, decoder - Av inorome Te NY TH eroge Yo eee det Po be Hav mitioh popwlakion . Popuhakiow im vont decade Pr > Por Yo. Pi = Po | oo WY Pe Pe eh ~ a Po fray toow W can be aritrackical ang ow iat oo Acsuwne that we howe, iad ore ON, Le 5 How onithwakic onan %, = Wat TE qurmatric rasan yg -(O Ha, ap 84. The population ofa oily obbaiwd pow comme Aepora i a quem below. Estinnodt the population ef the cbhy fo Vow yoo Qo al. Cemsvs Anownr in wi 5 Popul 4 IMcrtare wm Yeon | PANEN | Popudobion Population. 4 fan 20 sev 2000 10 ) 1921 22 80d 3000 13 686 \a31 5 000 2500 10 1941 21500 | 00 24 a5} 34100 66 1 . 196) 41500 AO abet tal 41050 60D 13.313 ag! 54500 7480 15.934 1991 6t000 aL qo Ss 41000: Average imentaae Ow populoiov, . 41000 = 519g 6 z — uy Avitanuhic dnunaa method Population im 2021 = Por md i Boon + 3x 5189 = 16345 @ Goomebrie Gneroa method Arithmekio mean Ya = Vit ta¥ 21 7 t . to 136364 | + INART - a: = ps-orei5 peel v populakon rm 2021, Py » Pow (14 Wo) = 000 [\* is-o5815 13 loo = 92916 Geomebio wean Yq = g- Yn oH = GJ ioxw-bsbx- -- W424 = lA 3a5ch Population wa 208 Pi. Pe [s a" {wr ¥ = bitoo fit 1434973 Louww) Bq The population ef a cihy aa obtained from comaus "reports Won olows. ‘Estimak, Hu population of fovolthy mm 2001, QoL 2025 by cio araametic mean Ub geom elvie mean <1 Census Populali Inertom in |Pinuwone in 1 Yeon, SPHIAHOM | population Population | Ise 8000 4000 50 (eq) 12000 une AN64 | i. | 40) \Jovo a 33-35 ait 22500 | 6500 8-84 199) 29 000 7 al | 1943) 31500 add Q5-33 | WQ4y 41000 ioe | ne 5 T000 Peet anes | A500 16-64 } 1961 66500 | | = = 68500 Arithmetic mean Yo = apeanott 77 1d g = 30-6875%, Ceomebric mean 1% = Poy GAx.-- 664 = 29.09% Population im 200) Fl 80-68415\+ 8 wang Ya, Pa = 66500 (+ apseH = 14 Savy 7Ww using % ) Pr = bes0n (1+ agoa\* . 184668 loo c Population im 20! eee We gouael 2 7 . 10 € 5 by Yo , Pa = 68500 ("+ 30" Ey) = 253508 100 7 by %, Pr = 66500 Ge aq.09Y 2 Qagzee Too ae Populotiow in 2025 Populodion in 2025 Wz Q0ag—196) = 64 10 go. 625)? \+ ‘ by Ya je Pr = b6900 [ ae) oo i 24.09 \o4 by Yq, Pn = bbooo C* Ta) 840827 -88-0bN uae ® Incremental \mevease Method Lik Po be tht, imikiok population . Population in mendl decade, P= P+ thedy 4 (10) Similamty , Pra Pott dja (2: x) = Pot daneds4 Qy = Por ade 3xKio Pas Pot ade a(Qtl) x a Py = Pot lxd+ 3xx = Por Qdt Sx4d4+3x = Por 3d 4 6% = Pot 34+ Blt) x Q 2 3. Uring re dasko, quium ta a1, Jind the population a 2081 by imomwembal 4 welled - Imevease im Yeon Population Sante | van 20,000 i 191 22000 1000 193) 25 000 3000 _g00 C _ fiean nba A100 145 dite 6600 re laei 41500 4400 ae 10% | 41090 5500 sao 14a) | sasv0 7450 . (aaj "| biov9 650 Se 2: Aloo 4500wy = 51a = 648.057 © Population iw don, Pus Po tnd + bmn) x O = 610004 Gx sas)f gua x6 #7) = $0a3a 084. Using He data quan in 6.2, etimal the population ‘ im Qd01 , Adil amd Q0as by ta invsrae mlbrsd 7 | nowace im i Yeon Population Popalakion \ee] S000 4.000 ie 12000 {000 5000 ¢ Iqoy 'TO00 500 5500 € 1ath 24500 loo : Vat aqoo0 a ae 2500 Q000 143] 31900 aie oO laa) A 1000 4500 i 500 last Sat 10 000 [ 1961 Gesvo ae FS . 58500 5500 d= 58500. 4313.5 g X= 5500 . Tes. 114wap for Qu, Ma 4 Py = 66500+ 4X 1310-54 AXS x85 TA = 1036079 for Qo, N= 5 _ 66500 + 5XT31Q-S+. Sb x TSH. = Pr = 66 + Sb TES TI =. 114 048 Poy Q0a5, N= 6-4 Paz $6900 + G4xX Tag +O4KT4 x 7185-T1Y a = 131906 @ Graphical Method On Trio method, the prwvious decades’ populations are plotted agaivut year. Vccor fo Hw post hend of po pulotion we COM eadrapolabe the graph pyar predliot the population im Poll: yeom 8.5 Using Hae data. ginuni in 84, find the population, iw a0Q1 by Graphical melluod «wy BA 000 pulakiow im oal Po, on pepe 24 2 33 g - 2 3 * SB Ss op =. @ a 8 Soa eet Ss 3 2s 8 3 3s “8Dwea eae VA dar ar aR ASL et Mae WAST RA ee) Sp es COPE PE ! t aby es Poputation im poi = 18500 » Qo = 13g00 » Was = |5ko0alt ae hasday ® Dreasing Rate of Growth Method } Find owk te % imowane in population Por the © ven deeades Q Huey iv creoee shouss om im oxtnaing bond, Hum He bun % din tye, dae ib taben on -Ve ° © Ratio Connslotion Method In Huo metlrod | Hin area, under shidy u 0 wabd to 0 Larger osm of which owr avn Ua posk © “From Hu chidy vin the paok decades, a courlation u erroblished. The vakio of population. OF Gon wther eo bo thak of ths bigger oxra i found out {ov dorm: decades A geoph u ploll ed bw Haran crabios & Yu dread Fron te. gop pepulahion of seg. dood. cow be debawi wd, by eee the vabio ow witle pepl ——— ef beages on a Lagishie Mellod Bu oroumed that tax populakion of tre thy ett a. patharn oo How via the Rig. B, population u wok always »:(a) /a—loqistic ovr ve The eqn of logintic ove U BP) — ly (BR) = AE DE le. (=P) be (BP) whur Po = peputation a £20 Pe population of oan Hye + Ps = pemulohiow dormk obbowe tain vals K = cowbont tos woof yeans from stosting (Pe) bo Pe—P x_fo = —kPet v (PE) ~k Pot B-P xf =e Po Py—Po Ps ate Peake bog," CkPct) pe , Poe td Poe Pe Ak Pgt > i FE tage C st) ge oe ae + BaP lege Ck RE)ap 9 B-R =m —kPs= Ps + he Projected population, e Pa Ps Petia Verma loge (nt) oT forecast population, woe ghould kmow 3 pepwlatiom Pp Pe Pa cuh Haak tre interval bl Po® Pa & came ao throw blw Pye Pa (et) Pe = 2PM Pa, — Po (Pot > 23. logy | Po lR-Pd i Pi (% -P) Mc Lean Equations - ot Wing daka im 6.2, dubawai we the population un the é ie raat_vsivg didrroning 20% of, geourtle wthod . 4 a muvaeaa| PepuloBon mcs qin wa |e th B Cee Popubkion saa lea 2000 Aooo 50 8-33 say 1.000 5000 AV G.3a 1901 1000 | cop 2B \ a ag a : Mau ue 500 2e.24 ia 600 8500 Jaa.) |7O*8: i 5 aay o5.8 OA) 41000 | \oo00 ata asi 61000 Ate | 9500 1 6-61 \a6l | 66500 |ce : Avg drone in % A _ 4.96% % 4 vin population. fom 1961 fo LAT = 1b 614.96 > Way ~ 66500 + W9i x66500 tod = TAHA — Yound off fo vaxd fils populozion ww 1011 “higha web wun + of va population gow. (931 Ble 191 ee 2 Fe, spepulokion im 1481 = THWR0+ AAS x Thyao eo > 194 Ay tet vn populoliin fom 1981 bo 1291 2 Tis 4.16 = 239%, population im V4 ~ 1944+ 2:39 1974) lov > 81649 —— G-8 The population of Ha prot 3 Successive emus ofa city one ao quan below Census Year Population a7) 41050 ia3) 54 500 laat 61.000 Estivnate the populosiow, Sov yo aay by Logistic willvod +€ clay Po= 41050 P.54500 P2- 61000 — by 10 yeont Po = QPoPLPa— PC Pot Bd PoPa — Pir = BAMTQso = 20834 we 23 bog, Po 8-9 | ti Py (Ps Pe) POE, oor = — 00396 sar mae Po- Po - 6 325060-AtD50 _ vv bsa ii 41050 Projecked, population ws 144 ts BO ycant Ps Ve mq, (mt) = @0%34 . Vee bog’, (-0:0896 * 50) - A3g48 | The parornt pepwakion of och, u 00,000 which was 110,000 80 yond & ib was 390,00 40 Years . Esk Wu population of ety dfrer mick 80 years by Logatic wultod +oooceocecooccococe cs Wo ewe Py = 30,000 by 2 80 yom Pr = 110,000 bt - 60 yea Pa = 200,000 % Ps = 2% 30,060x 110,000 % 200,000 — 170,000" (30000 + ayo,o80) 30,000 % Q00, 000 — (10,0007 = 3asAt’ n= 23 bog [teers + Pi (Ps—Po) = ~0-U8T me Po- = A+ 443 Po P= Ps = 3aaall poet ae lem lee (wt) 2 popwlatvin 80 yoo Vota = 300daol aly sit awodsy Demand of Water Detual demand @. Peg q = robe of demnomd i Thee one diffoumt hy pea of comomnde “oy Domestic (Residential) Gy Cvmmenciog & Indualriol demand dy Civil & Public damond @) Five demand © doses Bot agen Tokat demand = Sum of above Nypee of Pemoauds - Domestic. duvmomd ~ Ao be 60/. «ho Rud Huis, adowskic eunvey tu bo be conduclad + \ndudee dainivy , woalwig, bolting, ort + \S speciicakiono one, Laid dove for duwmomnd of wobn ; ~ [is vastaas] a high udion > f dumamd of wat, Bey Far a dull A ethy wshane as iro ahing iystew oS = Qoo-Afefd litre] pita da’) + Jor a city vaitouk fully fudged dena Groge, tyskons dumamd = 135 L]eld / “Commercial & Gndwsbial + ably 28). Qneludin schools, offiaa, 6-5 = old ommertial eobablial wont Deporing on bype of rndushy j waka Aspai vere waits Vey mach .Givi & Public demavnde = $85 fo 10. Demand im public places : gedorsess nuisaliig, aprimiiag or a tive dumand x homwe, hora wuddun brakouk of fir wake, 2 required . ; + Depundo on population ofa a * Grapiri col. Jorvando. for coh aking fer dowmomd - ty Bustovd Formula Qe 5603 IP © Pe popuboion (ua) do Kuihlingd Fovinula = 9650 YP my Wy Tohu R- Axumaw dormula ° a= asf e+] (lm) : P = popln un thousands iv) Q = too VP pepe in Yow anda Cie R Applicable va Gadia + Losces Wookngee Met Quon, for wll -wroivkad wed tyskew, Loos - 10h 157, Com veered upto 30-407 4 aysew wok maiubained woll « dora wm pipes eke -Factors affeding Demand « Climate» Summer - imowoad duwand a Paraowe in duvalbyi bution. wate : Uually He _ peeanvar wood wed = pe pat radi cam \o pomp wok “wplo thorey Mignt [ab 3 blew] . Of prawn hy loon BP amd durmnomd * Buadihy of waker . Saraliby a demand Of oats of other quali , pop go for pie walt Sepply : x Cort of woku + Demand @ 1 cort, & Moboud + Qn commenti ah, buildings, wolm u orroukabte fr ef eat > eonaumphiom f Cy wnrnebend ) fystorn of eoator supply 2 Thur ove aye F tom — eonhinuows Qivbternri lent - . Cnbinw wo supply > dumomd * Fluduation im Demand Deenamd ‘u wal wma kori and a wdjectd bo chiakiows . THL 0% XY yrs 4 Parchaakiovs + Seooonah Juackualiowt (Mo athly) On Summer » woke consump hon * by 30-407. from wormal periods oy winks consumption | ‘plow owa by 20°].(25) + Doaly Pucuabion > Mon doily duno ie feativola as dumomd = 160 % = BX ang. cane & Howdy Piacoa ons demand ey: Qn hookelo - T bo 9 iw warning Sovering Crane) Wb a (win) -— int Mom. frovaly Pluchuabion LI Lo = (807. = EX Bug . co) Doaly mon = 1-8 Gov diy Howdy raon = 1:8 Gloug_ 1) Mone on a Wwour on a Avolida = taxi Qovg = 8:1 Gong Ww YU Bre Dbatake ott on a day of man dumand (ii) thon Has demand tr called coincident daaft Coimacuml duolt = fire dumand + Sac tall) Tha u eovapored wilh ea Higa the two B tokim-ac ein cicuml duoft Coincidumt ds Rivedemand + 1:8 Gavg ns 1- Gong(2 Q. A woke aupply scume tb te be dustgmed for a town with aw okmatid hubew peopl of too, 000 Debumive vosiona demande af wale for om ang. wakur consump . of 95° AIelday ; Y= devfslelday Ps 100,000 G& = 25 x 100,000. = a5xio® &fd | «85 Mi]d ” willoabihe oy Mone Sats dumnoond = 16% Bang loxag . 875 Hdow « a doidy demand = Wexas . 45 L]day ro demon, om a perk tour = 21X85 = BT 6 Hay wma holiday u Max daily domand . 12x25~ 40 Aid Man founly demond 2 Adxag = 6T-54/d Five demand + ys 66630P = 5Gb3x Yi00;000 = IINOT TH. Moy Gy Q- B60 VP” = ab x Vw = BBEB 26500 Llmin o 6. 146 | $eypee +104 = ATES in 3 = 93901 ]win .(91) tivy G+ lOLP = tox Vignes = 1000 EL Iday Tokivg Bredimand = (000 kL ! Mifedey \ Griveidemk drakk . highs ¢ nee 5 ie 5 Cte 7 = 64-5 MI[dayww Pumps Pumps one required Por Wing woker fom A lower luwol boo hight lwel « » ocakiow of pamping statiow dapewdoow the ure & Hae pte which, wats ub be tolew — prfable ~ cloat fo goune. ov dari bution, ana - = mach above HEL of te tourer ~ mara fur of ony potion - w “W omy wrajov hogoida E dficion Pum * Depending on bod We As + fig Nh, = Wawel diff lw source & puro Wate wn pownp & due very, pel pk of diochamge hue wall ba towe lew thr) He her hat he us —> sp. gt of woke ; Q —s frbol diol mw Work dow = 0 GH Power = wl 1qa O41 Watu hoo to be wapplied fo a toow with Afoth population @ 19d Afo]d efeomn a River D000 my away « The dif vn eluvakion. blu Hh Llowtok wala lvel on the pump & Aservoiy U 36m The dumomd has to be tupplied wm Shown, dukamivn te NS tize of Fhe main & q, of parpe mgd & Aesurt, smart dunomnd ao 15% Cava « Take WP 0:03 . Velocihy ef How wm pipe = 9.4 ols - MH) of pump = 07 {,00,000 X ITD = 15 x10° Afdoy Demand = Pxq = = 19 ME] dew Mon demand = 5x15 = QRS Ma]day - Rate of paraping = Dewiand = 28.5X 105K IT vk tang Duration 2x Goxbo e - 0-48 on [see im 1 day Asta of pipe = & _ OTH 0-305 wh > din = 0.664 QA Pee Using Doreys egw, Looe vin pipe = ee = Fag 0-03x 2000K & ae Qxq. Bix 0-644 e WAAR = 24-352m- Aplal wok = 36+ a4-39a= 63.368m- Power = WOH = ASKS OA x 63.362 8 = 606-783 kW ———s(3) 6-2 A pump & bo diliver wot am wd sgeournd \ oe astatic hod of ee The suckow pipe oe long % u o| 250 mm § wilh Dasogs Lrickon factor AP. «ba. . The debtwmry pipe & ef ov mm f , 1600 m Long BA f..002 “The pamp dronrackemalia com be enprroard on whut Hip = pomp hand mnebeo & Hp = 100 — 6000 et = diachoage 4” ov’ |g - Coeutate Keak & diachange the pomp * Loss in eaekiow. pipe = APhy? gD Total Wad = herhat hy hy = Ne 4 heg = peoax Sox We + 0:0 82x Th00 A Ver Oba x 60 XN D0 Max |bOO * V2 AXA. OL X- AS AXA DXB Vie a = a0 V2 +: 3800 Ve™ : 43h asl a> 8a, - 8A (90x 1 a Sou KN, at Gigracy?. 4% Catux 2") - 6 (24.6094 + 088.95] = 193.56 @ Tolat tad = 40° + 4113-66 6° ®© 2 @o hoe 4173-86 G7 = IDo~ 6000 Q* @ = 0:06.89 ms eee Hp = 4o49r13-sbx + 062907 - 46-044 me Qualthy of Water —_—. * Thur combe arreroed by dodo ters + Types of Ienpusribien / (a) Physical —> com be sewed by any seman or gant ey eslour,edouwy Depends on porron omoligring Yar waka Somple . Wnordus to shamdondioe Hae best » tome speciPreabows ort loid down a 4. Chemical —» dae to damicals drorelusd wm waker i — rai owp ogarra svi e@rbiobogi cal & @ Sua pended ag. Pattee vies Plame! micro oganiens Trout wath oH one Ur Sus poral ove awd oom ett le i? te wotn is kept brDivided —> 4! chavnicoh ~~ Paatiole exe £0.00) wm w Colloidal = Fay divided, poati clea on espention but wall wal tele own | Wek undishet bed fora long ie nag wikiawy Made up of sama elk & clay Swopondid Anpunitivo Qrnpoak cclourn , dows , tacte ete. to wate. - Qndludua organic & imerqanvic inp uaikies clay &cilt maior orgamuna - Physical Teste % Colour Daffourt imp uribion import ob catouns to the - gelation» The standond wut of colowr iu that obkoived by drcrel ving lg of Plahnum cobolt im HL ef dintitid water Te colour of the eolukion bo be tesed U thueked by Vvirmol companivon - ee oO : ethisiigqad ; fs pa 16, drimbing wales colour droud Ve ow sat the romge 5-10 * Nom fer domestic Supply Re mqlC 57 Fimtomneker U om iwi went for tahyg Melguntreteste} & Toste% Odour Jase’ ek Tat — Menowed wn Flowour Thawohold Numba FIN) Take 0 bnown quombity of Hn sormple CA wal) « dat dia billed water odldide to the ree ‘8B? be the velo] sonmplen fowowrluaa . Thm, FIN= AtB “Dilehion vakio ak uid. waba A leourn tr boate (<3 for publtc waeowe Odowt —> Meoowud im Thredreld Odour Num (TON, 2G aOoO*¢ 7 A kwoum opromki hy of Soweple - A mt Lib ‘BR be the om of dict led watin adolid to ¢ make He sonmple odo wriaa « o ° ToNs A+B oO A 7 Temperature ie Temp of wos will be < abwosphevie bere - oO GY sommple of woke ho a temp > mormnal towmp => voata u polluted » Fe, temp. ustum eoww biologe cal paothons ocowr vi Hie Bp wale somvple . Also uu indanalviok dradnorge occu wnto the waker , temp will b. When temp 4 Y 03 oguaokic tie baste Suapendad & wlloi doll rnpurihwo comar, havi diy - > Turbidineter & wad for yacoounzrumt » “Wo " oad ow He puncip Hat avoulomen fo percroation of gist inouroan with imoraree wath wir avi di hy» Gt u wenn wud in Ney to mebre Tunbidi by Unt: As pw IS, So dainking wake , the hutbidiihy vould wot . meed tO NTU: Ghd vont > Taskidily obtaineal by mixing Ing ef Siop (Falla eonth) we IL of pw ~ YF eI For public at covtent v & Ths adv erachy affects gelag fie @ p i cabiann pelea 7 4 3 24 4 3 Og Ss £ oeChemical Tests * PH ° Most wmportomt porameber i pH. Fev dinning woku, pit: 6 he bots i ‘pit | ven Haat u asidic dinchongs Rt whew 7 abkatine dao ovewu + &, Covmpaning suaw Xqeound woke, qeownd wala han Leaner pl [aa 00, dusoolves vm wake bo Rrm conbowit. artd |] : Vawally wok woke haoa ph op & Wh, well wokov u avroked , pabogews ont we duakroyed - Qf Og ewlunt u low, vrgamic © matey geo Atdusnd Porn. dhannfi prods 4 by omnarebie suachows, (0, —7 CHa, =P gubplide —> HaS eke - ian a 0, covdent t, ogo © mokba, nitrate, ewhhlide eke. get oxidied bo form Wear haumbul products : Smoky of alkali saga to be oddid bo _ Yas Sommple. bo biang fo AeqA volun ef pH C1 fo 8-3) Yolol acidity = mineral avidihy + Wa aoidi ty. A dws be peluhion drasetution of C0, 7 ¥y 8 © “ReOase > Oo o 6 wow Noon solukien ‘u vaviallly wad To cotimate acidily, Qndicators + phenolpltholein as worlo in te somge 4-14 pH metal orange >" h 1-74 pH Aouad hy enpmeared, in walle ef CaCO, an it har a firple wal. wqt of 100° « Alkalinity Braormkity of avid required of We sormmple + 3 type ot odeohini ly * > Bieonbowoke alkalinity Bae mokuol adkahi wihy wos ¢ @ Found ok aren pl - Gp Heey-akeodisnd by CoM§ — ralbumbsethaw-horantabreml > Conbowake obkodin hy eae found ok inkerwodiake pli > Hydronic alodavrily — found ok high pH (>10-3) ow odkadity paront » Hs will be absent oo it will be oxidwoed * fo snuatraladt Hee pH x Hondven ReouiLamce bo Lobroring Two ypee ‘ Tompoury — conbonateo f Cae Mg -Coarkomab Pumament — eudphobn’e cher dro ol CRMa sccanuneen Pea aeally Hee Friday oe Strontium aloo comee hardwise but wet eomrideard wwleas Us af equilieamt gpraendihy hordnwa = CH + NICH ‘ | eorbonake horde CH = tot Roarbonake husdnwes, HOS Dee Bo," Saveple + ovmnmovia C- be \\e { nd, f Seach + aia cle y Epra khonal pra bitank Qf fotat hondnaaa Y atkalinihy , Ho seine and blot ci) CH = abkabiwily NCH> TH. odkoivnthy Qo TH < alkoliwihy , tam TH = CH NCH = 0 Wiondna im_vnght 09 cats » (AT Ix out of Cale 7 eq.nst of MIF usbuat Mit a te jon comaing Jrordnoan (Mi) + onembhakion of Mtt A} both Ca & Mg art proenk , Mhosdviaa of each catoutated seperod ely. og: 10X50 + Sx SD “3 20 iaBD * Tolal Solids Total apron ly of eobice pacsemt im wake oo wibendid , diorelved ov colloidat path ches : ~ Tokt known vol of gomple (Vi mL) wia dash of wat UW. Evaporake Ht somple ak o temp. of 105°C - Wagh He maiduz, (We). + total solids = W2—-Wi ¥ (00 it Vv _Te find suopemdah glide’: “Vim of comple Klboned Yeo Whatm ans filer pober No. 44 + Surpendd, qolida will bo Actoined Ldriaoluad wilh pose Haough. Evaporate Hoe filtered ie doyrnten ok 105°C. Wetgte the Maid, CWa) duinotver lids = Wa Wi x 106 a Quapemded, evlido = fobol tolida — drarotwad solide To soperods ovgomic &imorqowe wld: Take Han ausidut, ebboind Yow Hoe empl. te fund toboleolida St & Wwoked mo Muffle trace ok 55b°C for Lhe Aga weal Hak saridue (We) Orqomro glide one Rurmowd ow Iuaking 3 Inorganic wlids = Wee x 10 us) v Ovgomto solide > TS-1$(oy a onion aes Sm obtal oneaa, ‘Soll woken may iratruds imbo wile ond comme obtori du contonk - ot Qn anton othew tron uddtal oar, elorine * oubouk wr wok ik dau be suoag aupage tute wate ry eokimate Hie ceric, eovitemt, elven wibrate ov» the Hhomk & petiosium ebcte chiomale an indicator > : niko with golu Gnd poindu How precipitakion of AgNo, Lda ye The perrmiaaible elovide content ig ppt] ao mg L - So : ea 4 alid worte con ad to imiusion f sulbhok fo water. Vinal 804" ¢ 01" ooe Pound vn wal wala & wok oxfoc wake Exons of sutphatio caw commit o Somakive effect - rt Bott ouyrtola ida Forvs *Totel Sime > Ammowia Ng — > shows fuse pollution S Alburnivoid Np—> thous de compart Hon hoa ebamed >Nibriber —» powto devormpodi ont yours, on > Nilvakeo — guna stable geod - Excras of wlrates cama a duneaat callA Blue Baby Syndrome — Duclv lack of Oa, colon be comawu, blue. OF & olow cold av ‘Me Ene mogle binem ia’ Pamiadr ble wilvate comteut - Asmng|L . Fluorides Like a ‘double sword? => iecrialcee blem boo Anighe oy boo low w Pee uN evn ushun Pamaani bl. value - Img] Metole duadhing Yun sovko Meany yrakol euch os Fe Mn yx Metals Yo Dus to He bier ch of wacioorqamiorn! Coacheria, ng wird). Qu tab 19% jal bw wml badetto. pon th i vay aff ott fo Kerk oft hwo. 1¢ asmae hoclenia —> neque for wey Ror gvavival ob e n= Comk esvive pao sea OD + Facultative W ae\4o) to E-coli teat Seamnple: U bakin tm 8 sels of Feat babes Qn ead fel tube, Adtf dikual ows A sample u token © Q [e-cobs] a higle take Vm “lOmt lm YU Cewklu Bows Keke — 2 Om Olmb 40mb QO Thaw bypea of Fo 7 Preouwmplive —> onawin coliform U paenent tomja motive — portion of pecoump hve Yeak ¢omple u tok Roald Completed — > povtien of cosfiraative fark sormple Presumplive tat oalbatsa Nolvionls For calkwang _\acloor beothe? Peimeiple - ability of back oa bo ferment Haro wualvi ot af gos u pavount in the beat hube, ge —ve [Stop expt] eat Mout u eked - Ape. ag hu ok 39°C, guonlh uw tVe- OHverust No -e| Feat habeo oven, +Vve Cowfiy mative beak A portion of Somnple. 4som a lakim Promls Soumple u Filtered Havough addilter paper rwoydu jo trop Hay backeria+ Filter paper U wid with M-budos medium 9b u keph uw imoubekor Jor A%Wux- Cao formabtow rmdicate pesenct of backeia -~fcoceoccococoaooo ae a”7 te -04.0%-poll 2 Oat Mopuse TREATMENT OF WATER Raw Plain Sdamentation | ‘| water] “ | Sedimentation wall vonqubation Dishib who eae oF lodkar deperds \or he qualihy available ftom souvee oP webs Guidl-esh. 1F fuventhy $s greater, all tne Preceases aie TSUN, Cherise Selimantahen carll be sufiicces. W wate contain dissolved solids, miscellareyey Weatmenr metals aie ty be adephocl AB Fe 8 ty herartinr naedrod faste 2 odour ~ teh eganic rmpueg aeraben F earbenahen using echvatesl ettbon | Fluonne — Lloevidahes zg de tucn/dakos Disindechan strould be the tasp Process Plain sedinrenterhos we CA # Sedimentanor by gravity & Mm dhemicaly acelodSedimentahen wath coopulahor Nee ee Chemicals ae added tb inuease the velocihy Sedimentation Rulroheo Ware is Passed fvoyh porous reader Plain Sedimentation pfirsh treatment of vee cabs , plainly hoo lypes of sofids ~ suspended & des saved > Plain sedimentation is b remove suspended sctids Suspended solids ale gp lwo hyper porgaricnclids + @R IA — call Mot seltte easy pinaganie solids. ~ clay ,silh, Sad G@ BaOrbS Since sp-qawhy is Maeaged, density will also naease and will seitle easy >Plaun sedimerkaien 13 Only due 1 grauily. Seaman lation lank is $0 designel that Whe veloaty af Slow is jeduced .. Seltting Veloaity OS Depends on sevelal facts such o8 shape, ze, speutic Ggastyas) ofl the paiticles Yhah are seltting ave disciete to nawe fe thee all be no change in shape, size and weighh desing Seliting. vParticles aie of sphafeal shape Forces aching on the paslrde ae of Le wt of fe patrde » buoyank fice D dep Pecos Gur br visepsily) Egedwve weight iP Ine peahcte cohich cdases settlemank = ED Cos-0) whe d- diameter of paabicle cos- specific wh. of pailicle ty = “specific wh of water drag frce = Cy PAVE a GO Ofhaenk g diag C= densiny of Hurd An Stiiface aea 6f pahcle + #d? ay Vs- geting velocity AE equikteriueyes BON, te? Ca-a) = ove a Ve? = A 4 Geos) S15 |ierzettt oe ~ Ad. (es > %e Ca 2 adr § (s-D awe se 3 CoP = 494 (s-) 3 Cp setting velocny, |ver= tad C 3o this is he en's ion of settling Rd equahey can be apined only IF Reynolds Number kes in he rarpe | Lip woo and diamoker ff patticte Hes Ip he Yonge oth in * 4, Rec Ge MH 13. 4034 Ldesiey Sassen (2) Hebert enone Fw the most pubeles 19 water, Re! and deol m Assuring lowatnar How, : Rene ew oe [Por lowninon Plows oe Re < a Cp = 24/Re and Re> Sid whae H~ cvedhicies! of viscosity. je je #} eS fo]1) t= 494 ¢s.i Bly > ftad .eyd CG 34 OaH s-i) w= 2894% 5.1) S 18H e keaneroalre viscosity TS the Stoke's ‘law of settling apd settling 's Tan Ts cd PIC r eee oe ceric far paiticles having d>ima , Re Wes 19 he fange 1-184, The abwe equctio js nor AN cable By Bud patheles. Settlement f these paitizles ‘ts called fut baby Gi 9u0> palteles , Cy = oud is is i 4 et Neslan’s law ap setting nae Q. fir toe settling velocily oP apaiticle under te follcwing : conatnaos B= brdemm — SP'Hawiy= WSs Femperrhue of waler a9 9% kiwemalvc viscosity of ware af,20°C = oo eal shiesw sidce ad Cp = 0-4©. Sind the settling wd of & partic undyy the RUE: eomdihow + ; dA20-bm ate O-bmen — Sp.gtowiys 865 temp. af wal » 80°C Kimevnakic viseosi hy of weber at 20°C = 1.007 cenbichoker - % * Sinee a> O-lmm, Hagens eqn u te be tard « Acsuwe Re =-100 Seu 5 kimemalte B Viscoot hy” Ve = Ax an10x 0 b(29-D = 1a alm] 3x0.88 i Ree Pd - WA = War 3IeO-& 7a.atT #100 p 2! 1.007 Trial 2: Re = FRAT: Cp = 1-085 Vs 2 1a-A0a vomls - Re = Wargo2xob 66.978 1.0071ww Trial 3 o Re = 66-978 7 Cpe {065 Ng cs Wo. QT wamls Spe. 927K 06 L6G FDR more {007 Re = 69: 702 i Cpe $075 . Vs = 109.433. weals Re = 65-382 : Triok 8 se Re « 65-382 Cp = 1.078 Vo = 109. 346 wmls Re = 65-8 8 Settling vel = 109.396 mmsSedimentation Tonks Tomko im ustich calling) sedans Voke ploce . Fil & Draw Comino na «Tonk filed ~ollowed b Wate tu conkuususly movi settle — waln drawn out — Voy vo ov to allows Settling . ~ bok crowd Allovos tangs quomlikies fy be breafed + Coasedon Pov dis) Horizowlol Pow : Nekical Plow Woks gelo ined. Huo om — Woke toss Hrouga Hee ivdut of ow. amid , ows pelfny of battles hoy & wows ok Hwougly - LU | hover om thape) Reckarnguhor. Cirwrdor Plow & a Rtthonngl : a i weitAw wel pipe uw peovided - A weit & peovidud near Har iarlek to Hak wakes dao bo Row over ik - Miow aedinunbodiow of Yio a. /A thadge, Wappea i poovidnd, fo colleok Hit Sedivvemt + * Qyerdua b pevent daar & Low , boltte walle ant provided - The wodl | the bomk tt quem a. tlope ty He oda dropper 0 Hank AML wobimenis cam be tlkeetid mit: An owls weer u aloo beowi dad : Cis olor bomk * | Peifoval ged Conlval_fed Wokia ho Hough wet Worn fat Hroregte aahal mica om porter pipe {ows fle oo 2 withdrawn ow . Ve perilory NERA : Ss cr VvWoke ‘u hd. Row 0 combral Pibe Reka, woke u colle ctd Hraovgls He video » Thus wilh be a wer sunning olowg He pesfary of Hoe vxele - Fowordo Har combi ak te boltow a feppe, mechowwam u * peovided The vals slope bwoude amt ok Iva w. A sotaling groper rrecromnisin Atives the secennenta bo Mag, tallneting Fob pea : | Dimewsions of bank : For a 2eck. bonk, Le 30m. (mon 100m) lama th =e L-=3bs wsdl a w Stouring vel - Seous vel : velo ciky vobuich will put Hae geltlerk pomticlo again, into swpension - wan vel < seow vel-A) Va = | 8Pa (0 f B= divumbionlias Pathoy dese i pottiche padwing om value of | = 0:02 For elay oy 0. 54 for sand. o f. Doxoyt Picken Paclor (9-08 ty 0.095) 3. Surface Overflow Rote (soR) Sows Loading imide ved. tombs + Aleo called ov purfoce boasting : Comaidlr ow tool setting tamk . A portico. omleung He bomk Cpiseeeessnsnetaesd [a fon 2 comnponeniAs Gov vel - iu ove duw bo ¥ mond (settling veh) amd olher, dow b ee eae nor zaukak woven (doy « 7 ve) v Vndin thal frovs eoudu, apa Vs Ww Q Ge bth quombily of Plows nye & = 8 “R BxhVee Wed vw) Ef L 6 > Oy © BRL 7 Ve = 0 —> Surface ove lows rahe. % BL Unda tho flow eondiHon, SOR = Selling va . Qn Hin cant SOR U indupondnt e| depth of tamk « The I porameler a cpasartiy wales beatd pam of tomk - Deserrte. sebting 5 vo adation blw Vs and, cuptinef Fawk For ideak condition — flovs u \awinon aos particles on avo outs eoudn + 15 — 30 os Ce Design valu of SOR = 4 Debewsion fme Time forr uibiely woke oO xhai weds ur ie Sd. tank | Sinn hor usbich a poatiole Wrowels from inlet bo ovkleb - pr Cr) = Lopastly = Duchasge Q For a nrok. ded. bank T= LeBrH Qa(ee For ov Ureulor sd. tank (ust a. (oor a \v fb 12H) . Q ; Desiqn valu, Te 3 t4 Row - An cont of Chumicaty ackvaid dibemion bombs. Te Bb 29 how - at doodiw i corning over owkles wre . x ete * beyond twit » %, L- Sirowldvit be > 300m * foa|day wok ‘bmg th = Ad Gor: dia of ana Q. Compute fae dimension ofa povkinuows Pow Reck tamk a population, of 20, 000 peous 5 wait a per capita, wobr ougk of (20 b) . Assume a pia. factor 4 ety Ls purday neql, Water requirement = popalakion x sabe o{demand x peak Jacke = d0000K RO X2 = Ago0000 La= Ag00 mifdayeD Assume DT= 4h ‘ Capacity of lank Co. Gxt = Agoox 4 = 800 wm? aA s Assuming a SOR of 30 w|day Jon? 3 _& . 30 o BL Ag0D. 30 7 BL BL Ibo mW Depth , H= Capacihy = 800 = 5m. plan orca {60 Provide, feuwboatd of 06m Blu for sludge Skoroge ‘total deplhy De 6: Fm Assume, Los « L = 058 BC BB) = 160 Provide abonk. of NL 2. 676 8 bo. 3.85 > XRG = 3-25m = Bz dbbm Qk = Baro ABm xX 6m X 69m +