Brianne Salamanca

ENC1102
10/10/2023

Introduction to the Research Dossier

Research is a major part of discovery in our lives, as it helps us learn and grow and fuel new
ideas For this project, the subject I decided to research is how A.I. impacts the roles of human
journalists and impacts news quality and fact checking. This is an important topic to me because
as a person who’s future profession is journalism, I would like to know how my future career
could be threatened or helped with the use of artificial intelligence.

Peer reviewed journals, written by journalists themselves, are the basis of research for this
project. They are consistently hands on with the ever changing technology associated with our
world and field. By collaborating and understanding A.I.’s role, it can help us each become
stronger in our occupation.

A.I. is becoming a prominent aspect in all of our lives, specifically within our future jobs and
occupations. Media has become a major subject in which A.I. is prominent and affecting a lot of
careers within it, due to being able to write just as effectively as humans. Strikes and
controversy, specifically within those professions that include writing, have occurred because of
it. Due to this, researching both the pros and cons of A.I. in journalism seemed like something
that could be beneficial to me in the profession.

The first view of A.I. in journalism is how people consider it not necessarily the best possible
piece of technology for the profession. There could be the argument of it taking people’s jobs
and making news that should have human connection more robotic. For years, research has
supported these valid concerns in this field. This poses the question, can anything good come out
of this?

Another view of A.I. in journalism is looking at how it can affect news quality. Bias and false
reporting are two very big issues that people in the journalistic and reporting industries face.
However, artificial intelligence can help lower or even diminish the amount of false reporting
and bias being put out in the news. Since A.I. is basically a robot with no bias, it has no way of
supporting one thing or another and can therefore help the quality of news being put out.

There are, however, some good parts of A.I. in journalism. Editing certain stories and in both the
writing as well as televised news could be improved with the use of artificial intelligence. It
could also help people within the news business be able to cater more towards certain audiences.
The overall quality of news being put out could also be improved as A.I. has no bias.

Some issues or “roadblocks” I came across while conducting research for this project is finding
sources that were actually valuable in information on this topic. I also found it hard to find
certain sources with correct cite information, as well as coming across multiple sources that on
the outside seemed accessible, but I was not able to get to.

Research Proposal

Subject: Research Proposal: How journalism roles and news quality is affected by A.I.

Topic description: This research project is about how integrating generative A.I. with
journalism affects human roles within the profession and the quality of news being output.It is
also about the discourse between those who oppose A.I. in this profession and in the media and
those who believe that it could help it in some way. The people who oppose it most likely are
professionals in the industry and diving into their “identity kit” in order to find reasons to oppose
it.
Documentation Style: The style in which I will be writing this research paper is MLA format.
MLA is the format typically used for writing about literature and media. My major is connected
to both of those things.
Purpose: I am studying journalism and this topic is important to me because maybe it will help
me realize that A.I. can help my career instead of harming it in certain aspects. It is also
important because maybe it helps people realize the humanistic side of the profession.
Intended audience: The intended audience for this TED Talk is my English class. However, it
could also be for people with majors and future careers similar to mine. I feel that majors that
have to do with English, writing, and even film can benefit from my research and TED Talk, as
A.I. is something that will affect all of these majors in a similar manner.
Research Question / Preliminary Thesis / Argument: How has the integration of generative
A.I. in journalism impacted the roles of human journalists in the production process and the
quality of news content?
Types of research areas: I will be including information and references from all three research
areas. In my field, however, the only research really used is actual field research.
Keywords: Journalism, A.I., media, writing, news, bias, quality, editing
 Visuals, graphs or charts:

Impact of AI in Future Journalism | Download Scientific Diagram (researchgate.net)

RESEARCH SCHEDULE

MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY

OCTOBER 2ND OCTOBER 3RD OCTOBER 4TH OCTOBER 5TH OCTOBER 6TH OCTOBER 7TH OCTOBER 8TH

CLASS 9:30- CLASS CLASS 9:30- ALL DAY WORK WORK IN THE AM WORK IN
12:30 12:00-1:15 12:30 AFTERNOON

WORK AT WORK AT
NIGHT NIGHT

OCTOBER 9TH OCTOBER 10TH OCTOBER 11TH OCTOBER 12TH OCTOBER 13TH OCTOBER 14TH OCTOBER 15TH

CLASS 9:30- CLASS CLASS 9:30- ALL DAY WORK WORK IN THE AM HOME HOME
12:30 12:00-1:15 12:30
PEER REVIEW
HOME WORKSHOP 1
WORK AT WORKSHOP MATH TEST
NIGHT DRAFT
RESEARCH WORK AT
DOSSIER NIGHT

OCTOBER 16TH OCTOBER 17TH OCTOBER 18TH OCTOBER 19TH OCTOBER 20TH OCTOBER 21ST OCTOBER 22ND

CLASS 9:30- CLASS CLASS 9:30- ALL DAY WORK WORK IN THE AM WORK IN
12:30 12:00-1:15 12:30 AFTERNOON

WORK AT FINAL DRAFT WORK AT

NIGHT RESEARCH NIGHT
DOSSIER
OCTOBER 23RD OCTOBER 24TH OCTOBER 25TH OCTOBER 26TH OCTOBER 27TH OCTOBER 28TH OCTOBER 29TH

CLASS 9:30- CLASS CLASS 9:30- ALL DAY WORK WORK IN THE AM HOME HOME
12:30 12:00-1:15 12:30
HOME
WORK AT WORK AT
NIGHT NIGHT

OCTOBER 30TH OCTOBER 31ST NOVEMBER 1ST NOVEMBER 2ND NOVEMBER 3RD NOVEMBER 4TH NOVEMBER 5TH

CLASS 9:30- CLASS CLASS 9:30- ALL DAY WORK WORK IN THE AM WORK IN
12:30 12:00-1:15 12:30 AFTERNOON

WORK AT PEER REVIEW

WORK AT WORKSHOP NIGHT WORKSHOP 2
NIGHT DRAFT
RHETORICAL
ANALYSIS

NOVEMBER 6TH NOVEMBER 7TH NOVEMBER 8TH NOVEMBER 9TH NOVEMBER 10TH NOVEMBER 11TH NOVEMBER 12TH

CLASS 9:30- CLASS CLASS 9:30- ALL DAY WORK WORK IN THE AM WORK IN
12:30 12:00-1:15 12:30 AFTERNOON

PITCH YOUR TED WORK AT FINAL DRAFT

WORK AT TALK NIGHT RHETORICAL
NIGHT
ANALYSIS

WORKSHOP
DRAFT 1
RESEARCH
PAPER

NOVEMBER 13TH NOVEMBER 14TH NOVEMBER 15TH NOVEMBER 16TH NOVEMBER 17TH NOVEMBER 18TH NOVEMBER 19TH

CLASS 9:30- CLASS CLASS 9:30- ALL DAY WORK WORK IN THE AM WORK IN
12:30 12:00-1:15 12:30 AFTERNOON

WORK AT MATH TEST WORKSHOP

WORKSHOP DRAFT 3
NIGHT
DRAFT 2
WORK AT RESEARCH
RESEARCH
PEER REVIEW PAPER NIGHT PAPER
WORKSHOP
DRAFT 1
RESEARCH
PAPER

NOVEMBER 20TH NOVEMBER 21ST NOVEMBER 22ND NOVEMBER 23RD NOVEMBER 24TH NOVEMBER 25TH NOVEMBER 26TH

CLASS 9:30- CLASS THANKSGIVING THANKSGIVING THANKSGIVING THANKSGIVING THANKSGIVING

12:30 12:00-1:15
COURSE EVAL TED STUDENT SPANISH WORKSHOP DRAFT
LOUNGE EXPLORATORY SELF
WORK AT PEER REVIEW WRITING FINAL ASSESSMENT/REFL
NIGHT WORKSHOP EC OPP ASSIGNMENT ECTION
DRAFT 3
RESEARCH
PAPER
NOVEMBER 27TH NOVEMBER 28TH NOVEMBER 29TH NOVEMBER 30TH DECEMBER 1ST DECEMBER 2ND DECEMBER 3RD

CLASS 9:30- CLASS CLASS 9:30- ALL DAY WORK WORK IN THE AM WORK IN
12:30 12:00-1:15 12:30 AFTERNOON

WORK AT FINAL DRAFT WORK AT MATH PIE GOAL

ARGUMENTATIVE NIGHT
NIGHT
RESEARCH
PAPER
PEER REVIEW
WORKSHOP
DRAFT SELF
ASSESMENT/R
EFLECTION

DECEMBER 4TH DECEMBER 5TH DECEMBER 6TH DECEMBER 7TH DECEMBER 8TH DECEMBER 9TH DECEMBER 10TH

FINALS FINALS FINALS FINALS FINALS BREAK BREAK

Annotated Bibliography

Noain-Sánchez, Amaya. “Addressing the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Journalism: The

Perception of Experts, Journalists and Academics.” Communication & Society, vol. 35, no. 3,
July 2022, pp. 105–21. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.15581/003.35.3.105-121.

Content: This article gives some background information on the evolution of A.I. and
journalism and how it is making its way into the newsroom. It provides a good basis for the
understanding of this topic and is a peer reviewed journal.
Author: Amaya Noain-Sanchez is a journalist and university professor at URJC, and also has a
Ph.D..
BEAM: Although the author provides good insight and knowledge of the history of A.I. in the
newsroom, it is clear that she feels we should be cautious of it.

Johnson, Patrick R. “A Case of Claims and Facts: Automated Fact-Checking the Future Of ...” A
Case of Claims and Facts: Automated Fact-Checking the Future of Journalism’s Authority, 15
Feb. 2023, www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2023.2174564.

Content: This article explains the beneficial aspect of having A.I. fact check news in the
newsroom before making it out to the world.

Author: Patrick R. Johnson was a highschool teacher who is now a journalism professor in the
School of Communication and Media at the University of Iowa.
BEAM: I honestly did not see any bias and thought this article was functional as it just provided
how A.I. can be a useful tool for fact checking.

Garvey, Aaron M., et al. “Bad News? Send an AI. Good News? Send a Human - Aaron M.
Garvey, TaeWoo ...” Sagepub.Com, 2023,
journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00222429211066972.

Content: This article explains how by using and A.I., better responses can be formulated during
bad situations but in good situations, human and personal connection is what really helps it.

Authors: Aaron M. Garvey is Associate Professor of Marketing and Ashland Oil Research
Professor of Marketing in the Gatton College of Business and Economics at the University of
Kentucky. TaeWoo Kim is Lecturer of Marketing at the University of Technology in Sydney,
Australia. Adam Duhachek is Professor of Marketing at the University of Illinois in Chicago, and
is a Honorary Professor of Marketing at the University of Sydney, Australia.

BEAM: I did not see any perspective from these authors other than send a robot when it's bad
and a human when its good, and did not see any bias. This article is relevant as it could possibly
help journalists decide when exactly to use A.I. as a beneficial tool in writing.

Nordfors, David. “Digital Identities and Journalism Content - How Artificial Intelligence and
Journalism May Co-Develop and Why Society Should Care.” Innovation Journalism
Publication Series, 2016, journal.innovationjournalism.org/2009/11/digital-identities-and-
journalism.html?showComment=1617946971889&m=1.

Content: This provides a little context on when artificial intelligence was first developing and
how that basis led it into artificial intelligence being in the newsroom now.

Author: I could not find anything on the author.

BEAM: The perspective of this is that artificial intelligence is going to change our world. Since
this was written in 2009 and not much about A.I. was known then, there is no bias to this and this
article is relevant because it gives a little background information on the beginnings of A.I..

Dhiman, Dr. Bharat. “Does Artificial Intelligence Help Journalists: A Boon or Bane?” SSRN, 29
Mar. 2023, papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4401194.

Content: This specific reviewed paper explains the helpful aspects of artificial intelligence in
regards to journalism and news.

Author: I could not find information on this author.

BEAM: The perspective and bias within this article is that artificial intelligence is only
beneficial to journalism and the careers created by it. It is a relevant article because it does
highlight some of the important aspects some people tend to miss.
Thomas, Ryan J., and T.J. Thomson. “Full Article: What Does a Journalist Look like?
Visualizing ...” What Does a Journalist Look like? Visualizing Journalistic Roles Through A.I, 7
July 2023, www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2023.2229883.

Content: This article highlights the important role of actual human journalists vs the type of
journalism that A.I. is attempting to create.

Authors: Ryan J. Thomas has a PhD and is an associate professor of Journalism Studies at the
University of Missouri. T.J. Thomson is a senior lecturer in the School if Communication at
QUT in Australia.

BEAM: Their bias and perspective on this subject is that there should be actual human
journalists in the newsroom. This article is relevant as it provides very valid aspects for their
reasoning against artificial intelligence.

Gotfredsen, Sarah Grevy. “Q&A: How Can Artificial Intelligence Help Journalists?” Columbia
Journalism Review, 17 Mar. 2023, www.cjr.org/tow_center/tow-center-newsletter/ai-journalism-
qa.php.

Content: This is an interview article, where a journalist speaks on how artificial intelligence is
both helping and harming her profession.

Author: Sarah Grevy Gotfredsen is a fellow for Computational and Investigative Research at
TOW.

BEAM: The author does not have a perspective on this, but the person being interviewed seems
to believe journalism could be helped by A.I. but we should not rely on it fully. This article is
relevant because it is very new and by getting this information from someone who is in the
industry now, it is very helpful.

West, Darrell M., and John R. Allen. “How Artificial Intelligence Is Transforming the World.”
Brookings, 27 June 2023, www.brookings.edu/articles/how-artificial-intelligence-is-
transforming-the-world/.

Content: This article actually explains what A.I. is and how it affects a multitude of different
professions and careers, not just those in media.

Authors: Darrell M. West is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Technology Innovation and
Douglas Dillon Chair in Environmental Studies. John R. Allen is a member of the board of
advisors of Amida Technology and on the board of directors for Spark Cognition.

BEAM: I do not see any bias nor perspective from either authors in this article. Some of the
basic information is relevant, however it was written in 2018 and a lot has changed since then.

B. Rabowsky, "Applications of Generative AI to Media," in SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal,

vol. 132, no. 8, pp. 53-57, Sept. 2023, doi: 10.5594/JMI.2023.3297238.
Content: This article talks about the different A.I. platforms other than ChatGPT and focuses on
how it affects media as a whole

Author: Brent Rabowsky is a manager of A.I. services for Amazon in Seattle, and has over a
decade of experience working with artificial intelligence.

BEAM: This article is biased and his perspective is that A.I. does belong in the media, but we
should look out for more than ChatGPT. This is relevant because when people think of artificial
intelligence, this is all they think of and there is much more out there than that.

Schapals, Aljosha Karim, and Colin Porlezza. “Assistance or Resistance? Evaluating the
Intersection of Automated Journalism and Journalistic Role Conceptions: Article.” Media and
Communication, 10 July 2020,
www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/3054.

Content: This journal was very beneficial in the sense that it directly answered a part of my
research question, that being how does A.I. benefit or harm journalistic roles.

Authors: Aljosha Karim Schapals is a Senior Lecturer and Study Coordinator in Journalism and
Political Communication in the School of Communication in QUT in Australia. Colin Porlezza is
a Senior Professor in journalism in a school in Switzerland.

BEAM: This was probably the most relevant journal and source I found to help me with my
research project. I did not see a bias nor a perspective as they acknowledged their issue from
both sides.

Libraries, Columbia University. “Artificial Intelligence: Practice and Implications for

Journalism.” Academic Commons, 1 Jan. 1970,
academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8X92PRD.

Content: This article explains the impacts artificial intelligence has on journalism now and even
into the future.

Authors: There was not much online about the authors of this journal other than Mark Hansen,
whom I described as the author of another article I have cited below.

BEAM: Their perspective and bias on this is pretty much that we should accept the things A.I.
will do to help us within this field, but to also be aware and on the lookout of what it could do as
well. This article is semi relevant with information, due to the fact it was written in 2017.

Ivancsics, Bernat, and Mark Hansen. “Actually, It’s about Ethics, AI, and Journalism: Reporting
on and with Computation and Data.” Columbia Journalism Review, 21 Nov. 2019,
www.cjr.org/tow_center_reports/ai-ethics-journalism-and-computation-ibm-new-york-times.php.

Content: This article explains why A.I. would not do great in the journalism field, due to it’s
robotic tendencies within writing
Authors: Both of these authors study digital journalism at Columbia Journalism School. Ivansics
is a PhD candidate and Hansen is a professor and director of Brown Institute for Media
Innovation.

BEAM: It is pretty clear that their perspective and bias on this is that they think artificial
intelligence should not be involved in journalism as it is “cold and impersonal”. Despite this, this
article was very relevant with information regarding their claim.