Introduction

Field trip is described as a journey embark upon by student and headed by lecturer to an

environment where field work are carried out to see the practical aspect of what has been

taught in the class, it is normally carried outside the school environment and to see

geographical phenomenon in their natural form. Field trip is a trip by student to gain

knowledge away from the classroom as to a geological area or environment of certain

plant and animals. Field trip is a trip by a scholar or researcher to gather data first hand as

to a geological archaeological anthropological or other site

Benefit of field trip

Field trip is very important to all geography students because of the following reason.

1. Todays students are visual learners and a field trip let them touch fee and listen to

what they are learning about which help them build on classroom instruction gain a

better understanding of topics build cultural understanding and tolerance and expose

them to world outside their own

2. Going in a field trip enhances the lectures as well as the learners critical thinking

skills and give student a chance to think skills and give students a chance to think

about a topic or theme from a different perspective.

3. Field trip also help in improving children social and interactive skills

4. A field trip allows students and teacher to get out of the formal contect of the

classroom and cultivate share experience

5. It enable student and teacher to have a cordial relationship between student and

students, student and lecturers lectures and lectures

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6. It help the students to understand the theoretical concept better. It gives students a

chance to enjoy a wide variety of environments and landscapes. Develops an

understanding and sensitivity about the culture and people of field area. This change

the student biased view about that community.

7. Field trip seek to provide student different way of viewing the world communicating

with it and successfully introducing new questions. Issues of daily life and finding

answers for them to generate knowledge.

PLACE OF VISIT

IBBU INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING EDUCATION AND E-LEARNING

We visit the Human resource department of IBBU institution of continuing education and

e-Learning

 The effective record management (field trip record)

 The Christian prayer (pastor fock)

 The first speech was delivered by Dr Aminu Wushishi

 The second speech was delivered by Professor Nuhu Aliyu Ango

 The field trip was combined with the department of accounting, business and

public

 The purpose of the field trip is for record keeping

 The entrepreneurship (by establishing the business and keep the record very tight

 As an accounting keeping record for future reference

speaker (1)

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  Dr Musa Baba Adamu from federal university of technology minna, who define

who his invited and lecture on effective record management system.

 First of us placed your record on data and information

 Record inform weated, and received by the organization and maintain the

information for the organization, it can be inform of books, machines readable

paper photographers maps and other documentary material this implies that record

can be generated by either forms personal which can either be kept inside the

flies.

Categories of record

1. Administrative record: contain information concerning the origin

2. Legal records: contain judge

3. Financial record

4. Historical record: item of historical values

Electronics records: as the name implies are inform rated are maintain

Human Resource Center

The establishment of an HR Center is often part of an organization's efforts to centralize

HR functions, reduce administrative burdens, and improve the overall HR service

delivery. It allows HR professionals to focus on strategic initiatives and higher-value

tasks, while routine HR transactions are efficiently handled by the HR Center.

HR Centers can vary in size and scope depending on the organization's size and

complexity. Some organizations may have dedicated HR Centers for different regions or

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business units, while others may have a single centralized HR Center serving the entire

organization.

Overall, the goal of an HR Center is to enhance the HR service experience for employees,

managers, and the organization as a whole, while also ensuring compliance with relevant

laws and regulations.

Function of human resource management

Human Resource Management (HRM) serves several crucial functions within an

organization. These functions are essential for effectively managing an organization's

workforce and ensuring its long-term success. The primary functions of HRM include:

1. Recruitment and Selection: HRM is responsible for attracting, identifying, and

hiring qualified individuals to fill job vacancies within the organization. This

involves creating job descriptions, posting job advertisements, conducting

interviews, and selecting the best candidates.

2. Training and Development: HRM plays a critical role in ensuring that employees

acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to perform their jobs effectively. This

includes organizing training programs, workshops, and providing ongoing

development opportunities to enhance employee performance and career growth.

3. Performance Management: HRM designs and implements performance appraisal

systems to assess and evaluate employee performance. They provide feedback to

employees, set performance goals, and manage performance improvement plans

when necessary.

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 4. Compensation and Benefits: HRM is responsible for establishing and managing

compensation structures, including salaries, bonuses, and benefits such as

healthcare, retirement plans, and paid time off. They ensure that compensation

packages are competitive and aligned with industry standards.

5. Employee Relations: HRM acts as a mediator between employees and

management, handling issues related to workplace conflicts, grievances, and

disciplinary actions. They work to maintain a positive work environment and

resolve conflicts to ensure employee satisfaction and retention.

6. Compliance with Employment Laws: HRM must stay updated on labor laws and

regulations to ensure the organization complies with all legal requirements related

to employment, including labor standards, equal opportunity, and workplace

safety.

Record management system

Human Resource Management (HRM) maintains several types of records related to

employees and their activities within an organization. These records are crucial for

various HR functions, compliance with legal requirements, and decision-making.

Employee Personnel Records: These records contain essential information about each

employee, including their personal details (name, address, contact information),

employment history (job titles, start and end dates, departments), performance

evaluations, and any relevant certifications or licenses.

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 1. Payroll and Compensation Records: HRM maintains records related to employee

compensation, including salary, bonuses, overtime, and deductions. Payroll

records also include tax-related information and payment history.

2. Time and Attendance Records: HRM tracks employees' work hours, attendance,

and leave requests. This information is used for payroll processing, monitoring

attendance trends, and ensuring compliance with labor laws.

3. Training and Development Records: Records related to employee training and

development, including attendance at training sessions, certifications earned, and

ongoing professional development activities. These records help assess employee

skills and plan future training programs.

4. Performance Appraisal Records: HRM keeps records of performance appraisals,

including employee goals, performance ratings, feedback, and development plans.

These records support decisions regarding promotions, raises, and performance

improvement plans.

5. Recruitment and Hiring Records: HRM maintains documentation related to the

recruitment and selection process, including job postings, resumes, interview

notes, reference checks, and offer letters. These records are essential for

compliance and legal purposes.

Book Keeping Requirement

Bookkeeping is a fundamental aspect of financial management for any organization,

whether it's a small business, nonprofit, or large corporation. Accurate and organized

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bookkeeping is essential for financial stability, compliance with tax laws, and informed

decision-making. Here are the key requirements for effective bookkeeping:

1. Systematic Record-Keeping: Establish a systematic process for recording

financial transactions. This typically involves recording every financial transaction

promptly and accurately. Common transactions include sales, purchases, expenses,

and payments.

2. Double-Entry Bookkeeping: Adopt a double-entry bookkeeping system, which

means that for every financial transaction, there are at least two entries: a debit and

a credit. This ensures that the accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Equity)

always balances.

3. Chart of Accounts: Create a comprehensive chart of accounts that categorizes

different types of transactions. This helps organize financial data and facilitates

reporting. Common account categories include assets, liabilities, equity, income,

and expenses.

4. Receipts and Invoices: Keep records of all receipts, invoices, and financial

documents related to transactions. These documents serve as evidence of financial

activity and are essential for verifying the accuracy of entries.

5. Bank Reconciliation: Regularly reconcile bank statements with your accounting

records to identify discrepancies and ensure accuracy. This process helps catch

errors, such as missing or duplicated transactions.

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6. Financial Software: Utilize accounting software or bookkeeping tools to

streamline the recording and organization of financial data. Modern accounting

software can automate many bookkeeping tasks, reducing the risk of errors.

7. Accrual vs. Cash Basis: Choose an accounting method (accrual or cash basis)

that aligns with your business needs and regulatory requirements. Accrual

accounting records transactions when they occur, while cash accounting records

transactions when cash changes hands.

8. Regular Reporting: Generate financial reports on a regular basis, such as income

statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements. These reports provide

insights into the financial health of the organization and assist in decision-making.

Effective bookkeeping is not only a legal requirement for most businesses but

also a vital tool for managing finances, reducing financial risks, and achieving

long-term financial stability. Properly maintained financial records are essential

for making informed strategic decisions and demonstrating the financial health

of your organization to stakeholders, including investors, creditors, and

regulatory agencies.