CPAR NOTES

(REVIEWER)
CONTEMPORARY ART
- It is democratic, encompassing, and new.
- Is a legacy of modernism.
- Is also known as post-modern art.
- derived from the Latin prefix con, which means “together” or “with,” plus tempus, which
means “time.”
- Is not constant.

ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES/7 TYPES OF ART FORM

1. Visual Arts
● Meaning: Visual arts involve creating visual artworks using various mediums
such as painting, drawing, sculpture, and digital art.
● Example: The works of Filipino painter Fernando Amorsolo, like his "Dalagang
Bukid" (Country Maiden), exemplify the richness of Filipino visual arts.
2. Literature
● Meaning: Literature encompasses written or spoken works that express ideas,
emotions, or stories through language, including novels, poems, short stories,
and essays.
● Example: Nick Joaquin's "May Day Eve" is a celebrated piece of Philippine
literature, showcasing the country's storytelling prowess.
3. Dance
● Meaning: Dance is a performing art form that involves rhythmic and coordinated
body movements, often accompanied by music, to convey emotions, stories, or
cultural expressions.
● Example: The graceful movements of the "Singkil" dance from the Philippines,
inspired by the Maranao culture, depict a traditional narrative through dance.
4. Music
● Meaning: Music involves creating and performing organized sounds and
melodies using instruments, voice, or electronic means to evoke emotions or
convey artistic messages.
● Example: The music of the legendary Filipino composer Ryan Cayabyab,
particularly "Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika," reflects the diversity and beauty of
Filipino music.
 5. Theater
● Meaning: Theater is a live performance art that combines acting, storytelling, and
stagecraft to entertain, inform, or provoke emotions in an audience.
● Example: The play "ZsaZsa Zaturnnah Ze Muzikal," based on a popular Filipino
comic book, showcases the vibrant and creative Philippine theater scene.

6. Architecture
● Meaning: Architecture is the art and science of designing and constructing
buildings and structures that are functional, aesthetically pleasing, and often
culturally significant.
● Example: The unique and world-renowned "Nipa Hut" or "Bahay Kubo"
represents traditional Filipino architecture, highlighting the use of indigenous
materials and sustainable design.

7. Media (Midya):
● Meaning: Media art involves the use of various forms of technology and
multimedia platforms to create art, including digital art, video art, and interactive
installations.
● Example: The interactive media installations by Filipino artist Yason Banal
explore contemporary issues in Philippine society, bridging art and technology.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILIPPINES CONTEMPORARY ARTS (BY CLASSIFICATION)

1. Dominant/Mainstream
● Meaning: Dominant or mainstream contemporary arts in the Philippines refer to
those forms of art that are widely recognized, accepted, and frequently exhibited
or performed in the mainstream art scene. These art forms often reflect current
trends, themes, and styles.
● Examples:
● Visual Arts: Works by renowned Filipino contemporary painters like
Ronald Ventura, who combines traditional and contemporary elements in
his paintings.
● Music: Pop music by artists such as Sarah Geronimo, who blends modern
pop with Filipino cultural influences.
● Theater: Productions by esteemed theater companies like Tanghalang
Pilipino that explore contemporary social issues.

2. Alternative
 ● Meaning: Alternative contemporary arts in the Philippines encompass
unconventional and experimental forms of artistic expression that may challenge
traditional norms and explore new concepts or media.
● Examples:
● Performance Art: Avant-garde performances by artists like Carlos
Celdran, known for his provocative and politically charged one-man
shows.
● Digital Art: The works of digital artists like Leeroy New, who uses
technology to create interactive and immersive art experiences.
● Street Art: Murals and graffiti by street artists like Kookoo Ramos, who
use public spaces as their canvas to convey social messages.
3. Traditional/Indigenous
● Meaning: Traditional or indigenous contemporary arts in the Philippines involve
the preservation and reinterpretation of indigenous cultural practices and artistic
forms within a modern context.
● Examples:
● Indigenous Crafts: Handicrafts like the woven textiles of the T'boli people
in Mindanao or the pottery of the Cordillera region, which blend traditional
techniques with contemporary designs.
● Tribal Music and Dance: Contemporary performances by indigenous
groups like the Kalinga Dance Ensemble, who fuse traditional dances with
modern storytelling.
● Eco-Art: Artworks that promote environmental sustainability, such as the
sculptures of Kidlat Tahimik, who incorporates recycled materials and
indigenous themes in his art.

DIFFERENT PERIODS OF PHILIPPINES LITERATURE

LITERATURE

- Comes from the Latin word "LITERA" which literally means an acquaintance with letters.
- It is a body of literary productions, either oral, written or visual, containing imaginative
language that realistically portrays thoughts, emotions, and experiences of the human
condition.
- Language in use that provides insights and intellectual stimulation to the reader.
- Product of a particular culture that concretizes man's array of values, emotions, actions,
and ideas.

CLASSIFICATION OF LITERATURE
Literature is classified differently according to its usage.
1. STRUCTURE

- FICTION is a literary work of imaginative narration, either oral or written, fashioned to

entertain and to make the readers think and feel.
- NON-FICTION is a literary work of "real life" narration or exposition based on history and
facts whose main thrust is an intellectual appeal to convey facts, theories, and
generalizations about a particular topic.
2. FORM

- PROSE is a literary work spoken or written within the common flow of language in
sentences and paragraphs.
- POETRY is a literary work expressed in verse, measure, rhythm, sound, and imaginative
language.
3. GENRE
- Style of writing determined by literary technique, tone and content

Ex. comedy, drama, erotic, romance, tragedy

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
• Literature associated with the Philippines and includes the legends of prehistory,
and the colonial legacy of the Philippines.
• Most of the notable literature of the Philippines was written during the Spanish
period and the first half of the 20th century in Spanish language.

DIFFERENT PERIODS OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
(BC to 1564)
A. Characteristics
1. Based on oral traditions
2. Crude on ideology and phraseology
B. Literary Forms
1. Oral Literature- riddles, proverbs, tanaga
2. Folk songs- hele, ambahan, etc.
3. Folk tales- myths, legends, fables, epics

SPANISH COLONIZATION PERIOD

(1565-1863)
A. Characteristics
1. It has two distinct classifications: religious and secular
2. It introduced Spanish as the medium of communication
B. Literary Forms
 1. Religious Literature - pasyon, senakulo
1. Secular Literature - awit, korido
2. Prose Narratives - diyalogo, tratado

NATIONALISTIC/PROPAGANDA AND REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD

(1864-1896)
A. Characteristics
1. Planted seeds of nationalism in Filipinos.
2. The language shifted from Spanish to Tagalog.
3. Addressed the masses instead of the "intelligentsia"."
B. Literary Forms
1. Propaganda Literature - reformatory in objective
2. Revolutionary Literature- more violent in nature and demanded complete independence
for the country

AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD

(1910-1945)
A. Characteristics
1. Filipino writers imitated English and American models
2. Poems written were amateurish and mushy, whose phrasing and diction is awkward and
artificial.
B. Literary Forms
1. Short stories - the most prevalent literary form
2. Novels

JAPANESE OCCUPATION
(1942-1945)
A. Characteristics
1. Tagalog poets broke away from the Balagtas tradition and instead wrote in simple
language and free verse.
2. Fiction prevailed over poetry,
3. Filipino writers mastered English and familiarized themselves with diverse techniques
B. Literary Forms
1. Bountiful harvest in poetry, fiction, drama, and essay

THE REBIRTH OF FREEDOM

(1945-1970)
A. Characteristics
1. Americans came back to the Philippines in 1945, and there was a lot of palpable
rejoicing among Filipinos.
2. Filipinos regained their freedom on July 4, 1946
B. State of Literature During This Period
 The early post-liberation period was marked by a kind of 'struggle of mind and spirit'
posed by the sudden emancipation from the enemy and the wild desire to see print.
Filipinos had, by this time, learned to express themselves more confidently, but post-war
problems beyond language and print-like economic stability, the threat of new ideas, and
mortality had to be grappled with side by side." (Kahayon and Zulueta)

CONTEMPORARY/MODERN PERIOD
(1970-present)
Characteristics
1. Martial Law repressed and curtailed human rights, including freedom of the press.
2. Writers used symbolisms, and allegories to drive home their message, at the face of
heavy censorship.
3. The theater was used as a vehicle for protest, such as the PETA (Phil. Educational
Theater Association) and UP Theater.
4. From the eighties onwards, writers continued to show dynamism and innovation.
FUNCTIONS OF CONTEMPORARY ART:

Contemporary art for Pleasure - A visual delight in the work of art, can take many forms
including an appreciation of beauty or decoration, or delight in an element of surprise. Most
cultures that have a definition of beautiful, define it as something pleasing to the eye and often
resembling an ideal of some sort.

Contemporary art as Profession - Artists earn a living through their art since art and ideas are
never free. They possess value in the complex web of the creative industries that combine the
creation, production, and commercialization of creative content which are tangible and cultural
in nature.

Contemporary art as Commentary - Art has been used to answer our need for information.
Artists who fulfill our need for commentary often speak in a language easy to understand, they
view art as the primary goal of communication by means of subject matter.

Contemporary art in Spirituality - Artists may create art to express spiritual beliefs about the
destiny of life controlled by the force of a higher power.

Contemporary art as Remembrance - Art can be a remembrance which is something done as

an aid to memory. We need to commemorate important events and people that have shaped our
history and show reverence for those who have gone before us.

Contemporary art as Self-expression - Art fulfills an expressive function when an artist

conveys information about his or her personality, feelings, or worldview.

TIGSIK:

- Ang tigsik sa Bikol ay isang pormal na rawitdawit na nagpapakita ng talento ng mga

Bikolano sa pagbuo ng mga berso.
- Ang salitang "tigsik" ay literal na nangangahulugan ng "toast" o "salute." Ito rin ay isang
sinaunang anyo ng pasalaysayang panitikan na natatangi sa Bikol Region.
- Ang "tigsik" ay isang pormal na pagbibigay-pugay sa mga kasal o libing sa Bikol, kung
saan ginagamit ito upang mag-toast o magbigay-galang.
- Ito ay binubuo ng 2-4 taludtod, bawat isa ay may 8 o higit na pantig.
- Ipinapakita ng tigsik ang kahusayan ng mga makata sa pagpapahayag ng kanilang
damdamin at karanasan.
- Gamit ang sariling wika at sining, ipinakikita ng tigsik ang kultura at identidad ng mga
Bikolano.
 MUSIC
I. Indigenous Music
- Lullaby
- Occupational Songs
- War Songs
- Love Songs
II. Spanish Influenced
- Rondalla Music
- Liturgical Music
- Secular Music
- Gregorian Chant
III. American Period
- Jazz and Swing
- Pop and Crooners
- Filipino Classical Composers (e.g., Nicanor Abelardo)
- Kundiman Songs
IV. Post Liberation
- Filipino Rock
- Alternative Music (with advocacy-oriented themes)
- OPM (Original Pilipino Music) / Pinoy Pop
- Manila Sound

Staff: In music, staff is like a grid made up of lines and spaces. Musicians use this grid to write
down the notes they need to play. Each line and space on the staff represents a different
musical note. When you read music, you follow the notes on the staff to know which notes to
play and when to play them.

G Clef (Treble Clef): The G clef, also called the treble clef, is a music symbol that helps us
know which notes to play in the higher part of the music. It looks like a fancy "G" and tells
musicians that the notes on the staff are higher in pitch. This is often used for instruments like
the piano's right hand, the violin, or a singer's higher notes.

Time Signature: The time signature in music is like a special code at the start of a piece of
music. It tells musicians how to count the beats or rhythm. It's written as two numbers, like 4/4.
The top number (like 4) tells you how many beats to count in each group, and the bottom
number (like 4) tells you which type of note gets one beat. So, in 4/4 time, you'd count four
beats in each group, and a regular note (like a quarter note) gets one beat. Different time
signatures give the music its unique rhythm.
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
1. Melody: Melody is the sequence of single musical notes that form a recognizable,
tuneful line. It's often the "main tune" that you can hum or sing. Melodies have pitch
(high or low notes) and rhythm (the timing of the notes).

2. Harmony: Harmony refers to the combination of different musical notes played or sung
at the same time to create a pleasing sound. It supports and complements the melody,
adding depth and richness to the music.

3. Rhythm: Rhythm is the pattern of beats and time intervals in music. It gives music its
sense of timing and movement. Rhythm is created through various note durations, rests,
and the arrangement of beats into measures.

4. Tempo: Tempo is the speed or pace at which a piece of music is performed. It can be
fast, slow, or somewhere in between. Tempo greatly affects the mood and feel of the
music.

5. Dynamics: Dynamics refer to the variations in loudness and intensity in a piece of

music. Common dynamic markings include forte (loud), piano (soft), crescendo
(gradually getting louder), and diminuendo (gradually getting softer).

6. Timbre (Tone Color): Timbre is the unique quality or color of a sound produced by a
musical instrument or voice. It helps distinguish one instrument or voice from another.
Timbre is affected by factors like instrument type, technique, and articulation.

7. Texture: Texture describes how different musical lines or voices interact in a piece of
music. Music can be monophonic (a single melody line), homophonic (melody with
accompanying chords), or polyphonic (multiple independent melodies happening at the
same time).

GENRE OF PHILIPPINES

Rock Music- usually in 4/4 time and most songs use a verse-chorus structure. It is usually
performed by bands that include the electric guitar, bass guitar, and drums, and with at least one
singer. Lyrics in rock music can be based on many topics, but will often include subjects such as
love, society, and politics.

OPM- flourished in the 1970s and to this date. Most popular music forms in the Philippines.
Usually, acoustic or folk in ballad formpromoting nationalism, possessing easy listening chord
progression, and is written in English, Filipino, and Taglish.
 DANCE
Dance:
- Art form: Dance is a performing art form that involves purposeful and
expressive bodily movements.
- Cultural expression: It is a universal human activity with deep cultural
roots, often reflecting traditions, rituals, and social norms.
- Communication: Dance can convey emotions, stories, and ideas through
movement, rhythm, and choreography.
- Physical activity: It is a physical activity that requires coordination,
balance, flexibility, and stamina.
- Various styles: Dance encompasses a wide range of styles, from classical
ballet to contemporary hip-hop and traditional folk dances from different
regions.

Dancing:
- Action: Dancing is the act of performing dance movements or steps in
response to music or a rhythmic beat.
- Individual and group activity: It can be a solo activity or a collaborative
endeavor involving multiple dancers.
- Creative expression: Dancing allows individuals to express themselves
artistically and emotionally through movement.
- Social and recreational: People often dance for enjoyment, at parties,
celebrations, and as a form of exercise.
- Cultural significance: Dancing plays a significant role in cultural
ceremonies, festivities, and storytelling across the world.

ELEMENTS OF DANCE

Body:
● The physical form of the dancer and how it is used to create movements.
● Body parts, alignment, posture, and control.
● Expressive use of the body to convey emotions and storytelling.

Energy:
● The dynamic quality of movement, including how movements are executed.
● Energy levels, such as sharp, smooth, fast, slow, strong, or gentle.
● How force and tension are applied in dance movements.
Space:
● How dancers utilize the performance space, including direction, level, and
pathways.
● Formation and arrangement of dancers or objects within the space.
● The use of space to create visual patterns and relationships.

Time:
● Timing and rhythm in dance, including synchronization with music or
counts.
● Tempo or speed of movements.
● Duration and timing of movements, both in terms of short and sustained
actions.

IMAGINARY SPACE

UP RIGHT UP CENTER UP LEFT

CENTER RIGHT CENTER CENTER CENTER LEFT

DOWN RIGHT DOWN CENTER DOWN LEFT

DIFFERENT PERIOD OF DANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES

FORMS AND TYPES OF DANCE

Aerobic Dance
● A physically demanding workout that requires increased oxygen consumption
over an extended period.
● Designed to enhance the health of the heart, lungs, and muscles.
● Conceived and developed as a physical fitness program in 1971 by Jackie
Sorensen.
● gained popularity in the United States, particularly in the late 1970s.
● This high-energy dance form emphasizes cardiovascular fitness.
● Incorporates rhythmic movements and choreography to engage participants.
● Aims to enhance endurance, flexibility, and overall fitness.
● Commonly conducted in fitness centers, health clubs, and schools.
● Typically practiced 2 to 3 times a week, with dance routines lasting 15-30
minutes.

Ballet
● A classical dance form that places a strong emphasis on precise and graceful
movements.
● Highlights core elements like technique, balance, and poise.
● Often utilized to convey stories through dance and music in a theatrical setting.
● Typically involves a choreographic or dramatic plot, integrating music, dance, and
stage designs.
● Evolved from European court spectacles and is considered a defining influence
on the development of classicism in dance as we know it today.
● Emphasizes attributes like balance, flexibility, and muscular endurance.
● Known for its flowing and elegant movements.
● An early example of ballet is "Ballet Comique de la Reine" (1581), considered the
first ballet performance.

Bodabil (not included)

Cheerdance
● A dance form closely associated with cheerleading.
● Combines dance routines, stunts, and chants to rally support for sports teams.
● Requires teamwork and synchronization among participants.
● It is an energetic and highly athletic style of dance, featuring snappy movements
along with tumbling and aerial stunts.
● An aesthetic sport that encompasses elements of dance, gymnastics, cheer,
group stunts, and pyramid formations.
● Popularized in the Philippines by the UAAP (University Athletic Association of the
Philippines).
● Props may be incorporated into Filipino cheerdance routines for added flair.
 ● Compulsory elements typically include double pirouettes, high kicks, front or side
splits, jumps, and leaps, all performed by team members in unison.
● A 20-minute performance with a cheerdance piece lasting from 2:15 to 2:30.

Dance Sport
● A competitive dance style that encompasses both ballroom and Latin dance.
● Performed by a man and a woman as partners, it was previously referred to as
“competitive ballroom dancing.”
● Encompasses various dance forms, such as the waltz, tango, cha-cha, and
more.
● Dancers are evaluated and judged based on their technique, style, and overall
performance.
● Combines dance as a form of artistic expression and athleticism.
● Demands a range of skills, including strength, endurance, agility, coordination,
teamwork, grace, musicality, artistic interpretation, and choreographic abilities.
● Dances in Dance Sports are executed according to strict tempo and music.
● Here are some examples of Latin and Standard dances in Dance Sport:

Latin Dances Standard Dances

● Samba ● Waltz
● Cha-Cha ● Tango
● Rumba ● Viennese Waltz
● Paso Doble ● Slow Foxtrot
● Jive ● Quickstep

Hip-Hop
● An urban dance style with roots in African and street dance.
● Renowned for its dynamic, freestyle movements and expressive nature.
● Often performed to hip-hop music, emphasizing rhythm and attitude.
● It serves as a form of artistic and cultural expression.
● Originated in the United States in the late 1960s.
● Comprises four fundamental elements:
MC-ing/Rap
DJ-ing
Graffiti writing or "graf"
B-boying or breaking
● Is a means of expressing dissatisfaction, protesting, and addressing issues like
racism, poverty, street violence, gang wars, and neglect by the state.
Modern Dance/Free Dance
● A contemporary and expressive dance form.
● Emphasizes individualism and self-expression.
● May encompass a wide range of movements and styles.
● Can be performed in informal spaces and outdoors.
● Techniques often arise from individual conception and formulation.
● Innovatively ignores the conventions of theatrical dance.
● Styles may be original and individual

Modern dance is closely connected to Isadora Duncan and Ruth St. Denis because:

● Isadora Duncan is often regarded as a pioneer of modern dance. She broke

away from traditional ballet and advocated for a more natural and free form of
movement. Her work marked a significant departure from the structured
techniques of classical ballet.
● Ruth St. Denis, along with her partner Ted Shawn, contributed to the
development of modern dance in the early 20th century. St. Denis incorporated
elements of Asian and Egyptian dance into her choreography, expanding the
boundaries of traditional dance forms.

Both Duncan and St. Denis played pivotal roles in challenging and reshaping the
conventions of dance, making them important figures in the history of modern dance.

Social Dance/Street Dance

● Traditionally used to celebrate life's milestones, such as births, baptisms, and
weddings.
● Characterized by a steady tempo often provided by percussion instruments and
simple dance steps.
● Examples of social dances include gimbaw, andardi, fandango, jota, habanera,
and mazurka.
● Informal dance styles performed socially or in social settings, where street dance
and social dance are two distinct categories:

Street dance encompasses various styles such as breaking, locking, and popping,
which originated in urban environments and are often characterized by improvisation
and freestyle movements.

Social dance includes partner dances like salsa, swing, and tango, designed for social
interaction and typically follow specific patterns and rhythms that vary by region and
culture.
 VISUAL ARTS
What is Visual art?
- Visual art refers to any kind of art that you can see with your eyes.
- It's all about creating images or objects that are meant to be seen and
appreciated for their beauty, meaning, or expression.
- Visual art includes things like paintings, drawings, sculptures, photographs, and
even digital artworks.
- It's a way for artists to use their creativity and imagination to communicate ideas,
emotions, or stories through what you can see. So, when you look at a beautiful
painting or a striking sculpture, you're experiencing visual art.

FERNANDO AMORSOLO
- First National Artist in the Philippines (1972)
- Visual Arts

TOOLS
- A tool in art refers to any instrument or implement used by an artist to create their
artwork.
- Examples of tools in art include brushes, pencils, chisels, and digital software
SUPPORT
- Support in art refers to the surface or material upon which an artist creates their
artwork.
- Common supports include canvas, paper, wood, and even walls.
MEDIUM
- Medium in art refers to the material or substance an artist uses to apply color,
texture, and form to their chosen support.
- Examples of mediums include oil paint, watercolor, charcoal, and digital media.

DIFFERENT PERIODS OF VISUAL ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES (TIMELINE)

I. ANCIENT LINK
- Indigenous Filipino communities created pottery, jewelry, and
textiles.
- Intricate goldwork and burial artifacts showcase early artistic
expressions
II. INDEGENENOUS
- Indigenous tribes, such as the Igorots and Lumads, continued their
traditional art forms.
- Basketry, weaving, and carving were prominent art forms.
III. HISPANIC TRADITION
- Spanish colonization introduced European artistic influences.
 - Religious art, particularly Christian iconography, flourished with the
construction of churches and religious paintings.
IV. AMERICAN OCCUPATION
- American influence brought modern art styles to the Philippines.
- Filipino artists began experimenting with new techniques and
subjects.
V. JAPANESE
- Art production was restricted during the Japanese occupation.
- Some artists continued their work underground.
VI. 2ND REPUBLIC
- Post-World War II period marked a resurgence of Filipino art.
- Artists explored national identity and modernist styles.
VII. THIRD REPUBLIC (1946-1972)
- Artists embraced abstraction, symbolism, and expressionism.
- The period saw the emergence of influential Filipino modernists.
VIII. 4TH REPUBLIC (1978-1986)
- Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos affected artistic expression.
- Some artists turned to social realism to depict societal issues.
IX. 5TH REPUBLIC (1986-Onward)
- The return to democracy in 1986 led to renewed artistic freedom.
- Contemporary Filipino artists engage with global art trends and
explore diverse mediums and themes.

Extra info:
ELEMENTS OF ART:
Line An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line
may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or
abstract.

Shape An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to

height and width.

Form An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses

volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a
sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free
flowing.

Value The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the

lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway
between these extremes is called middle gray.

Space An element of art by which positive and negative areas are

defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art .
Color An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value,
and intensity.
• Hue: name of color
• Value: hue’s lightness and darkness (a color’s value
changes when white or black is added)
• Intensity: quality of brightness and purity (high
intensity= color is strong and bright; low intensity=
color is faint and dull)

Texture An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look
as if they might feel if touched.

PRINCIPLES OF ART:
Rhythm A principle of design that indicates movement, created
by the careful placement of repeated elements in a work
of art to cause a visual tempo or beat.

Balance A way of combining elements to add a feeling of

equilibrium or stability to a work of art. Major types are
symmetrical and asymmetrical.

Emphasis A way of combining elements to stress the differences

(contrast) between those elements.

Proportion A principle of design that refers to the relationship of

certain elements to the whole and to each other.

Gradation A way of combining elements by using a series of

gradual changes in those elements. (large shapes to
small shapes, dark hue to light hue, etc)

Harmony A way of combining similar elements in an artwork to

accent their similarities (achieved through use of
repetitions and subtle gradual changes)

Variety A principle of design concerned with diversity or

contrast. Variety is achieved by using different shapes,
sizes, and/or colors in a work of art.

Movement A principle of design used to create the look and feeling

of action and to guide the viewer’s eye throughout the
work of art
COLOR WHEEL
 NATIONAL ARTIST OF THE PHILIPPINES
The Order of the National Artists Award:

The Order of National Artists (Orden ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng

Sining) is the highest national recognition given to Filipino individuals who have
made significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts. This
includes Music, Dance, Theater, Visual Arts, Literature, Film, Broadcast Arts, and
Architecture and Allied Arts. It is administered jointly by the National Commission
for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP),
with the President of the Philippines conferring the award upon recommendation
by both institutions.
● The Order of the National Artists Award was formally established on
April 27, 1972, through Proclamation No. 1001.
● This award marks distinction and prestige for Filipinos who have
distinguished themselves through remarkable contributions to
Philippine arts and letters.
● The inaugural recipient of the National Artists Award was Fernando
Amorsolo.
● On May 15, 1973, Proclamation No. 1144 designated the CCP Board
of Trustees as the National Artist Awards Committee.
● The mandate for the CCP to oversee the National Awards and the
privileges and honors accorded to National Artists was reiterated
through Presidential Decree No. 28, issued on June 7, 1973.
● The rank and title of National Artist is conferred by means of a
presidential proclamation. It recognizes excellence in the fields of
music, dance, theater, visual arts, literature, film and broadcast arts
and architecture, or allied arts.
● To date, there are 66 national artists, 24 of whom received the
recognition posthumously, including renowned painter Fernando
Amorsolo, who was the first to receive the award in 1972.
Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP):
● A government-owned and controlled corporation established to preserve,
develop, and promote arts and culture in the Philippines.
● Provides performance and exhibition venues for various local and
international productions and programs.
● Logo represents "Katotohanan, Kagandahan at Kabutihan" (Truth, Beauty,
and Goodness) using the Baybayin character Ka, styled based on a
Katipunan design.

National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA):

● Composed of two basic elements, a fire, and a censer.
● The fire, styled like a letter K from Philippine indigenous script, symbolizes
"kadakilaan" or greatness.
● The three-tiered censer symbolizes organization, economic support, and an
orientation rooted in tradition and history, which NCCA provides.
● The design, done in gold, represents the immense wealth of Philippine
culture and was created by Romeo "Boy" Togonon.

The Order of National Artists aims to Recognize:

a) Filipino artists who have made significant contributions to the cultural
heritage of the Country:
b) Filipino artistic accomplishment at the highest level and to promote
creative expression as significant to the development of a national cultural
identity, and
c) Filipino artists who have dedicated their lives to their works to forge new
paths a directions for future generations of Filipino artists.
Benefits of National Artists:

● Gold-plated medallion minted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas.

● Lifetime emolument and material/physical benefits comparable in value to
high-ranking government officials.
● Minimum cash award of P200,000 (net of taxes) for living awardees.
● Minimum cash award of P150,000 (net of taxes) for posthumous awardees,
payable to their legal heirs.
● Minimum lifetime monthly stipend of P30,000.
● Life insurance coverage for insurable awardees.
● State funeral benefits not exceeding P500,000.
● A place of honor in state functions, national commemoration ceremonies,
and cultural presentations.

The following are the seven categories under which National Artists can be
recognized:

1. Literature – poetry, fiction, essay, playwriting, journalism, and/or literary

criticism;
2. Film and Broadcasting / Broadcast Arts – direction, writing, production
design, cinematography, editing, camera work, and/or performance; and
3. Architecture, Design, and Allied Arts– architecture design, interior design,
industrial arts design, landscape architecture, and fashion design.
4. Music - singing, composition, direction, and/or performance;
5. Dance - choreography, direction, and/or performance;
6. Theater – direction, performance, and/or production design;
7. Visual Arts – painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, installation art,
mixed media works, illustration, graphic arts, performance art, and/or imaging;

Qualifications for the National Artist Award

The qualifications for a Filipino to be nominated and selected are rigorous. Below are
the qualifications for the National Artist Award.

1. Living artists who are natural-born Filipino citizens.

2. The content and form of their work have contributed to building a Filipino sense
of nationhood.
3. An artist who has developed a mode of creative expression or style and lives a
legend on succeeding generations of artists.
4. An artist who manifests excellence in the practice of their art form
5. The artwork has attained international and national recognition.
National Artists of the Philippines The following are the National Artists of the
Philippines grouped according to their categories and arranged to the chronology of
National Artist Award:

Architecture
1973 Juan Nakpil
1976 Pablo Antonio
1990 Leondro V. Locsin
2006 Ramon Valera
2014 Jose Maria Zaragoza
2006 I.P Santos

Dance
1973 Francisca Reyes Aquino
1976 Leonor Orosa-Goquingco
1988 Lucrecia Reyes Urtula
2006 Ramon Obusan

Film
1982 Gerardo de Leon
1997 Lino Brocka
2001 Ishmael Bernal
2003 Eddie S. Romero
2009 Manuel Conde

Literature
1973 Amado V. Hernadez
1973 Jose Garcia Villa
1976 Nick Joaquin
1982 Calos P. Romulo
1990 Francisco Arcellana
1997 N.V. M Gonzales
1997 Carlos Quirino
1999 Edith L. Tiempo
2001 F. Sionil Jose
2003 Virgilio S. Almario
2006 Bienvenido Lumbera
2009 Lazaro Francisco
2014 Cirilo F. Bautista
Music
1973 Antonio J. Molina
1976 Jovita Fuentes
1988 Antonio R. Buenaventura
1989 Lucrecia R. Kasilag
1991 Lucio D. San Pedro
1997 Felipe Padilla de Leon
1997 Jose Maceda
1997 Levi Celerio
1999 Ernani Joson Cuenco
1999 Andrea O. Veneracion
2014 Francisco Feliciano
2014 Ramon Santos

Theater
1987 Honorata " Atang" de la Rama
1997 Levi Celerio
1997 Wlfrido Ma. Guerero
1997 Rolando S. Tinio
1999 Daisy Avellana
2001 Severino Montano

Visual Arts
1972 Fernando C. Amorsolo
1973 Carlos " Botong" V. Francisco
1973 Guillermo E. Tolentino
1976 Victorio C. Edades
1976 Napoleon V. Abueva
1981 Vicente Manansala
1990 Cesar Legaspi
1991 Hernando R. Ocampo
1997 Arturo R. Luz
1999 J. Elizalde Navarro
2001 Ang Kiukok
2003 Jose T. Joya
2006 Abdulmari Asia Imao
2006 Bencab
2009 Federico Aguillar Alcuaz
2014 Francisco Coching
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