GOAL SETTING AND PLANNING OVERVIEW

- A goal is a desired future circumstance or condition that the organization attempts to

realize. Goals are important because organizations exist for a purpose, and goals define
and state that purpose.
- A plan is a blueprint for goal achievement and specifies the necessary
resource allocations, schedules, tasks, and other actions.
- The concept of planning usually incorporates: Goals specify future ends and plans specify
today’s means. It means determining the organization’s goals and defining the means for
achieving them.

Levels of Goals and Plans

The Illustrates the levels of goals and plans in an organization:

- The planning process starts with a formal mission that defines the basic purpose of the
organization, especially for external audiences.
- Top managers are typically responsible for establishing strategic goals
and plans that reflect a commitment to both organizational efficiency and effectiveness.
- Goals and plans are the responsibility of middle managers, such as the heads of major
divisions or functional units.
- A division manager will formulate tactical plans that focus on the major actions that the
division must take to fulfill its part in the strategic plan set by top management.
- Operational plans identify the specific procedures or processes needed at lower levels of
the organization, such as individual departments and employees. (đặt đoạn này ở 1 slide
riêng)
- Frontline managers and supervisors develop operational plans that focus on specific tasks
and processes and that help meet tactical and strategic goals.

The Organizational Planning Process

- The overall planning process prevents managers from thinking merely in terms of day-to-
day activities.
- The process begins when managers develop the overall plan for the organization by
clearly defining mission and strategic (company-level) goals. Second, they translate the
plan into action, which includes defining tactical objectives and plans, developing a
strategy map to align goals, formulating contingency and scenario plans, and identifying
intelligence teams to analyze major competitive issues. Third,
managers lay out the operational factors needed to achieve goals. Finally, managers
periodically review plans to learn from results and shift plans as needed, starting a new
planning cycle.