Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FRENCH
VERBS
LE NOUVEAU
BESCHERELLE
1
Grammar
of the verb
2
Conjugation
Tables
(Synoptic table p. 14)
(Verb types p. 16)
(The third Group p. 98)
(Choice of Auxiliary p. 100)
3
Dictionary
of Spelling
of Verbs
(showing usage
and with cross-reference
to tables)
p. 6 to 12
p. 13 to 100
p. 101 to 191
GRAMMAR OF THE VERB
A verb is said to be conjugated. Tbe following are variables: tbe person
(e.g. aimes, aimons), the tense (e.g. veut, voulut), the mood (e.g. envoya,
envoyât), the aspect (e.g. connut, connaissait) and the voice (e.g. a vendu,
s’est vendu, a été vendu). The different forms which these variants create
are clearly set out in the tables of conjugation.
The agreement of the verb with the person can present problems, whether
the agreement is with the subject or, for the participle, and in certain cases
only, with the object. This is dealt with extensively in this section: gram-
mar of the verb.
The dictionary of spelling lists the verbs in the infinitive, as well as
giving their standard or specific usage, as categorised below.
Reflexive verbs are conjugated with a personal pronoun pertaining to the
person of the subject. A distinction must between the reflexive verb (je me
lève) and the reciprocal verb (ils se battent). Some verbs are be made,
however, predominantly reflexive, e.g. s’évanouir. Reflexive verbs are
marked in the dictionary with a s or s'.
STEMS AND ENDINGS OF VERBS
There are two parts to each verb: the stem, which remains constant, and
the ending, which is variable. The stem of a verb can be seen by removing
the ending of the infinitive, i.e. -er, -ir, -oir and -re. E.g. chanter, rougir,
stems: chant and roug.
THE THREE GROUPS OF VERBS
There are three groups of verbs in French, distinguished mainly by the
endings of the infinitive, the first person of the present indicative and the
present participle.
• The first group consists of verbs ending in er in the infinitive and in e in
the first person of the present indicative: aihter, j’aime.
• The second group consists of verbs ending in ir. The indicative ends in
is and the present participle in issant: finir, je finis, /inissant.
• The third group is made up of all other verbs:
- verb aller (to go)
- verbs ending in -ir whose indicative does not end in -is, nor the
present
participle in -issant: cueillir, partir.
- verbs ending in -oir and -re: recevoir, rendre.
N.B. Most new verbs form part of group one: téléviser, atomiser, radiogra-
phier, etc.: although some are found in group two: amerrir.
The third group which contains some 350 verbs is a conjugation which is
extinct. Unlike the first two groups of regular verbs, the third group
contains the greatest number of exceptions and irregularities in the
conjugation of French verbs.
See Table 5 for the endings peculiar to each of these three groups.
AGREEMENT OF THE VERB WITH THE SUBJECT
WHEN THERE IS A SINGLE SUBJECT
RULE: The verb agrees with the subject, both in number and in person:
Pierre est là. Tu arrives. Nous partons. Ils reviendront.
Exceptions
• When qui is the subject, the verb agrees with the person to which the
qui refers : c'est moi qui suis descendu le premier, and not qui est
descendu.
However, after le premier qui and le seul qui the verb can be in the third
person:
Tu es le seul qui en sois capable, or qui en soit capable.
• Impersonal verbs are always conjugated in the singular, even if
their
subject is plural:
Il tombait de gros flocons de neige.
However, in the expressions: c’est nous or c’est vous, it is better to say ce
sont eux, c'étaient les enfants than c’est eux or c'était les enfants.
• Collective nouns: When th'e noun is a collective one, such as foule,
multitude, infinité, troupe, groupe, nombre, partie, reste, majorité, dizaine,
douzaine, etc, the verb can be singular or plural, depending on whether
the emphasis is to be placed upon the entirety or the individual within the
group:
Une foule de promeneurs remplissait l’avenue, but
Un grand nombre de spectateurs manifestèrent bruyamment leur
enthousiasme.
• Quantitative adverbs. When the subject is an adverb, such as bean
coup. pin, plus. lullin',, Imp, nsse:,. hull, autant, combien, que, or similar
phrases such as nomine lie, quantile de, and la plupart, the verb is always
in the plural, whether or not these words are followed by an object, unless
the object is singular:
Beaucoup de candidats se présentèrent au concours, mais combien ont
échoué !
Peu de monde était venu.
N.B. Le peu de can be singular or plural, depending on the context:
Le peu d'efforts qu'il fait explique ses échecs = the insufficient
amount of effort.
Le peu de mois qu’il vient de passer à la campagne lui ont fait beau-
coup de bien = the few months.
Paradoxically, plus d'un is followed by a singular verb, whilst moins de
deux is a plural:
Plus d’un le regrette et pourtant moins de deux semaines se sont
écoulées depuis son départ.
Un(e) des ... qui usually takes a plural verb, but the meaning will decide
whether the antecedent of qui is really the indefinite pronoun un in which
case the verb should be put in the singular, or if it is the partitive object, in
which case the verb should be in the plural:
C’est un des écrivains de la nouvelle école qui a obtenu le prix.
C’est un des rares romans intéressants qui aient paru cette année.
MORE THAN ONE SUBJECT
RULE: If there is more than one subject, the verb is put in the plural:
Mon père et mon oncle chassaient souvent ensemble.
If the subjects are different persons, then the second person takes prece-
dence over the third, and the first person over the second and third:
François et toi, vous êtes en bons termes.
François et moi, nous sommes en bons termes.
EXCEPTIONS
1. Joined subjects
- with et. The pronoun l'un et l’autre often takes the plural, although the
singular is the correct form: L’un et l’autre se disent, or, less commonly, se
dit.
- with OU or ni. The verb is singular if the subjects are mutually exclusive:
La crainte ou l'orgueil l'a paralysé. Ni l'un ni l’autre n’emportera le prix.
The verb is put in the plural if the subjects can be said to act together at
the same time: Ni l'oisiveté ni le luxe ne font le bonheur. La peur ou la
misère ont fait commettre bien des fautes. (Académie)
- with comme, ainsi que, avec. The verb is plural if these words are
used in place of et: Le latin comme le grec sont des langues anciennes.
The verb is put in the singular if the words keep their true grammatical
senses: Le latin, comme le grec, possède des déclinaisons, (comparison)
2. Juxtaposed or joined subjects
- representing a single idea: the verb is in the singular: C’est l'année où
mourut mon oncle et mon tuteur.
- forming a list: the verb agrees with the last person of the list, especially
if
it refers back to the other subjects listed (particularly chacun, tout, aucun,
nul, personne, rien...): Femme, moine, vieillards, tout était descendu.
AGREEMENT OF THE PAST PARTICIPLE
1. PAST PARTICIPLE USED WITHOUT AN AUXILIARY
RULE: When no auxiliary is used, the past participle agrees with the noun
(or pronoun) to which it refers, in the same way as any other adjective:
L'année passée. Des fleures écloses. Vérification faite.
Exceptions
• Attendu, y compris, non compris, excepté, supposé, vu, etc.
• when placed before the noun, these are treated as grammatical words
and are thus invariable:
Excepté les petits enfants, toute la population de l'ile fut massacrée.
• when placed after the noun they act as participles, and agree:
Les petits enfants exceptés.
• Étant donné at the beginning or a phrase can agree or remain invaria-
ble:
Étant donné les circonstances... or Étant données les circonstances...
But always les circonstances étant données...
• Ci-joint, ci-inclus etc. become grammatical words at the beginning of
the sentence, or before a noun without an article:
Ci-inclus la quittance. Vous trouverez ci-inclus copie de la lettre.
After a noun, however, these participles agree:
Vous voudrez bien acquitter la facture ci-jointe.
The agreement is optional when the words precede a noun with an article:
Vous trouverez ci-inclus, or ci-incluse la copie de la lettre.
2. THE PAST PARTICIPLE USED WITH THE AUXILIARY VERB ÊTRE
RULE: The past participle when conjugated with the auxiliary être always
agrees with the subject: Ces fables seront lues à haute voix. Nous étions
venus en toute hâte. Tant de sottises ont été faites.
This rule applies to the compound tenses of some intransitive verbs in the
active voice, and to all the tenses of all verbs in the passive. For reflexive
verbs, see below under Exceptions.
3. THE PAST PARTICIPLE USED WITH THE AUXILIARY VERB AVOIR
RULE: The past participle conjugated with the auxiliary avoir agrees with a
preceding direct object. If there is no direct object, or if it is after the
verb, the participle is invariable:
Je n'aurais jamais fait les sottises qu'il a faites. As-tu lu les journaux ?
Je les ai bien lus. J’ai lu trop rapidement.
This rule applies to the compound tenses of all verbs in the active voice,
with the exception of some transitive verbs indicated below as being
conjugated with être.
4. EXCEPTIONS
• Participles conjugated with être
Reflexive verbs. The past participle of an essentially reflexive verb in
the passive voice (cf. page 6) is conjugated with the auxiliary être and
agrees with the subject:
Les paysans se sont souvenus que Van passé les foins s’étaient fau-
chés très tard (souvenus agrees with les paysans, and fauchés with les
foins).
However, in the case of reflexive or reciprocal usage (cf. page 6), where
the auxiliary être is in the place of avoir, the past participle agrees as if it
were conjugated with avoir - i.e. with a preceding direct object:
La jeune fille s’est regardée dans son miroir, (she looked at herself)
Les deux amis se sont regardés longuement avant de se séparer, (they
looked at each other).
PRACTICAL RULE: When the auxiliary avoir could replace être, the past
participle agrees with the preceding direct object (often the reflexive
pronoun), but if there is none, or if the object is placed after the verb, then
the past participle is invariable:
Ils se sont lavés au savon (ils ont lavé eux-mêmes, agreement with se.)
Ils se sont lavé les mains (ils ont lavé les mains à eux-mêmes: the
direct object "mains” occurs after the verb, thus no agreement).
Ils se sont nui (ils ont nui à eux-mêmes: se is an indirect object, thus
no agreement.)
However, if être could be replaced by avoir, the past participle agrees
with the subject:
Elles se sont repenties de leur étourderie. (It would be impossible to
say elles ont repenti elles-mêmes. The agreement is with the subject:
elles.)
N.B. The past participle of the following reflexive verbs is invariable, des-
pite the fact that avoir could replace the auxiliary être, because they
never take a direct object: se convenir, se nuire, se plaire, se complaire, se
déplaire, se parler, se ressembler, se succéder, se suffire, se sourire, se rire,
s'appartenir. Although the verb s’arroger is not used in the active voice,
the past participle agrees as if it were conjugated with avoir:
Les droits qu’il s'était arrogés.
• Participles conjugated with avoir
1. When the direct object is :
a. The adverbial pronoun en, relating to de lui, d’elle, d’eux, d’elles, de
cela. The general rule is that no agreement should be made:
Une bouteille de liqueur traînait par là: ils en ont bu.
Des nouvelles de mon frère ? Je n'en ai pas reçu depuis longtemps.
When en is related to an adverb of quantity, such as combien, tant, plus,
moins, beaucoup, etc., the rule is not clear-cut, and it is best therefore that
the participle should remain invariable:
Des truites? Il en a tant pris! Pas autant cependant qu'il en a
manqué.
Combien en a-t-on vu, je dis des plus huppés. (Racine)
J’en ai tant vu, des rois. (Victor Hugo)
b. The personal pronoun le. when used in the sense of cela to represent a
whole idea, the past participle is invariable:
Cette équipe s’est adjugé facilement la victoire, comme je l’avais
pressenti.
But when le stands in place of a noun, the past participle agrees in the
usual way:
Cette victoire, je l’avais pressentie.
c. A collective noun followed by a plural object (une foule de gens}, an
adverb of quantity (combien de gens}, expressions such as le peu, un des ...
qui, plus d’un, moins de deux. In this case the same rules are observed as
when one of these expressions is the subject (see page 7).
2. Impersonal verbs
The past participle is always invariable:
Les énormes grêlons qu’il est tombé.
Note particularly that eu, fait and fallu never agree in the following
sentences:
Les gelées qu'il a fait. Les accidents qu’il y a eu.
La ténacité qu'il lui a fallu.
3. Verbs which are sometimes transitive and sometimes intransitive
The participles valu, coûté, pesé, couru and vécu are invariable when
the verb is used in its usual sense (intransitively), but agree with the prece-
ding direct object when used in the figurative sense (transitively):
Les millions que cette maison a coûté, (elle a coûté combien ?), but,
Les soucis que cette maison nous a coûtés, (elle nous a coûté quoi ?)
4. Past participles followed by the infinitive
a. vu, regardé, aperçu, entendu, écouté and senti (verbs of perception), and
envoyé, amené, laissé, when followed by an infinitive, sometimes agree
and sometimes remain unchanged. If the preceding noun (or pronoun) is
the subject of the infinitive, the noun is considered as a direct object of the
participle, which is thus made to agree:
La pianiste que j'ai entendue jouer, (j’ai entendu qui? - La pianiste
faisant l’action de jouer); - the direct object que, in place of la pianiste,
precedes the verb, so there is an agreement.
If the preceding noun (or pronoun) is the direct object, and not the subject,
of the infinitive, then the participle does not agree, as its object is the
infinitive:
La sonate que j'ai entendu jouer, (j’ai entendu quoi ? - Jouer; Jouer
quoi? - la sonate); the direct object jouer is placed after the participle, so
there is no agreement.
b. dit, pensé and cru followed by an infinitive are always invariable:
Il a perdu la bague qu'il m'avait dit lui venir de sa mère.
Not: qu'il m'avait dite because the direct object of avoir dit is the whole
idea (il m'avait dit quoi? que sa bague lui venait de sa mère).
c. fait followed by an infinitive is always invariable because it creates a
verbal expression with the infinitive which cannot be dissociated:
Les soupçons qu'il a fait naître, (que in the place of soupçons, is the
direct object of a fait naître, not only of a fait).
For similar reasons, laissé followed by an infinitive (especially in expres-
sions such as laisser dire, laisser faire and laisser aller) does not necessa-
rily agree, even when the preceding noun (or pronoun) is the subject of the
infinitive:
Quelle indulgence pour ses petits-enfants! Il les a laissé jouer avec sa
montre et il ne les a pas laissé gronder.
It would be possible to write: il les a laissés jouer if the verb laisser were
no longer attached to the verb jouer, thereby giving the meaning il leur a
permis de jouer avec sa montre. The second laissé in the above example
must remain unchanged since les could not be the subject of gronder.
d. eu à, donné à and laissé à followed by an infinitive can agree or not,
according to whether or not the preceding noun (or pronoun) is considered
to be the direct object of the participle:
Les problèmes qu'il a eu à résoudre (il a été tenu de quoi? - de résou-
dre les problèmes).
L’auto qu’on lui avait donnée à réparer (on lui avait donné quoi? -
l’auto en vue de réparation). The distinction between these two cases is
often very subtle, and the agreement is optional.
e. pu, dû and voulu are invariable when their direct object is an infinitive
or, by implication, a whole idea:
J'ai fait tous les efforts que j'ai pu (faire), mais je n’ai pas eu tous les
succès qu’il aurait voulu (que j'eusse).
Pû is always invariable, since it is always used in this way.
2
Tables of conjugation
for the three verb groups
(Synoptic table pages 14 and 1 5)
TABLES OF CONJUGATION
GENERAL TABLES
1 Avoir as auxiliary
2 Etre as auxiliary
3 Passive voice (être aimé)
4 Reflexive voice (se méfier)
5 Endings of the three groups
6 Active voice (aimer)
FIRST GROUP (verbs ending in -ER)
6 aimer -er 1 créer -éer
3
7 placer -cer 1 assiéger -éger
4
8 mange -ger 1 apprécier -ier
r 5
1
9 peser -e(.)er 6 payer -ayer
1 céder -é(.)er 1 broyer -oyer/
0 7 uyer
1 1
1 jeter -eler/eter I 8 envoyer —
1 model
2 er -eler/eter II
2
2 aller
IR/
ANT
)
3 -
1 bouillir llir
3 dormir -
2 mi
r
3 courir -
3 rir
3
mourir —
4
3 servir -
5 vir
3 fuir -
6 uîr
3 ouïr,
7 gésir
THIRD GROUP (continued)
Second section (verbs ending in -OIR)
3 recevoir -cevoir 46 falloir -loir
8
3 voir -voir 47 valoir —
9
4 pourvoir — 48 vouloir —
0
4 savoir — 49 asseoir -
1 seoir
4 devoir — 50 seoir, messeoir —
2
4 pouvoir — 51 surseoir —
3
4 mouvoir — 52 choir, échoir, déchoir
4
45 pleuvoir —
j' avais j' avais eu que j' eusse que j' eusse eu
tu avais tu avais eu que tu eusses que tu eusses eu
il avait il avait eu qu'il eût qu'il eût eu
no avion n. avions eu que n. que n. eussions eu
us s eussions
vo aviez v. aviez eu que v. eussiez que v. eussiez eu
us
ils avaie ils eu qu'ils eussent qu'ils eussent eu
nt avaient
Passé simple Passé antérieur IMPÉRATIF
été
no somm n. été que n. soyons que n. ayons
us es avons été
vo êtes v. avez été que v. soyez que v. ayez été
us
ils sont ils ont été qu’ils soient qu'ils aient été
j' étais j' avais été que je fusse que j' eusse été
tu étais tu avais été que tu fusses que tu eusses
été
il était il avait été qu’il fût qu'il eût
été
no étions n. été que n. que n.
us avions fussions eussionsété
vo étiez v. aviez été que v. fussiez que v. eussiez
us été
ils étaien ils été qu'ils fussent qu'ils eussent
t avaient été
IMPÉRATIF
é
t été
j’ étais aimé j' avais é aimé que je fusse aimé que j' eusse aimé
tu étais aimé tu avais é aimé que tu fusses aimé que tu été
t eusses aimé
é
i! était aimé il avait é aimé qu'il fût aimé qu'il eût été
t aimé
é
n. aimé n. avions é aimé que n. fussions que n. eussionsété
étions s t s aimés aimés
é
v. étiez aimé v. aviez é aimé que v. fussiez aimés que v. été
s t s eussiez aimés
é
ils aimé ils é aimé qu'ils fussent aimés qu'ils eussent été
étaient s avaient t s aimés
é
Passé simple Passé antérieur IMF ERAI IF
é
t
je fus aimé j’ eus é aimé Présent Passé
tu fus aimé tu eus é aimé
t
é
il fut aimé il eut é aimé sois aimé
t
é
n. aimé n. eûmes é aimé soyons aimés
fûmes s t s
é
v. fûtes aimé v. eûtes é aimé soyez aimés
s t s
é
ils aimé ils eurent é aimé
furent s t s
é CONDITIONNEL
Futur simple Futur antérieur Présent Passé forme
é
t
je serai aimé j' aurai é aimé je serais aimé j' aurais été aimé
tu aimé tu auras é aimé tu serais aimé tu aurais été aimé
seras t
é
il sera aimé il aura é aimé il serait aimé il aurait été aimé
t
é
n. aimé n. é aimé n. serions aimés n. aurions été aimés
serons s aurons t s
é
v. aimé v. aurez é aimé v. seriez aimés v. auriez été aimés
serez s t s
é
ils aimé ils auront é aimé ils seraient aimés ils auraient aimés
seront s t s été
é
Passé 2° forme
été
n. aimés
eussionsété
être avoir été étant aimé aimé, ée v. eussiez été aimés
aimé aimé
ayant été aimé ils eussent aimés
été
The past participle of a verb in the passive voice always agrees with the subject: elle est aimee.
conjugation of a reflexive verb1 SE MÉFIER 4
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Reciprocal verbs are used only in the plural (ils s’entre-tuèrent au lieu de s’entraider).
5 ENDINGS
FOR THE THREE GROUPS OF VERBS
3- JrSUpn
1« 2« t”
INDI :ATIF 3” groupe ’.'‘-‘-S SU a*
C prés ent BJON CTI F Présent
1
s e1 le s (x2) e3 4 e e
2
3 5
S es I!? s (x ) es es es
3
5 5
S e il t (d ) e e e
1 ons issons ons ons ion ions
P s
2 ez isser ez ez iez iez
P
3 ent iFScns ent (nt6) ent ent ent
P
SUBJONCTIF
INDICATIF Imparfait Imparfait 6
1 ïtôajsy- ass
S ais < ais e isse7 usse7
2 ais fesais ais ass 1B3B3 isses
S es
usses
3 ait ait ât II ît ût
S
1 ions issions ions ass issiôriï issions ussions
P ions
2 iez issiez iez ass issiez issiez
P iez
Imperson er ; oir; re
al Present INFINITIVE
Moods Present PARTICIPLE8 ant
Past PARTICIPLE é i (is, it); u (us); t; s
FIRST GROUP 6
VERBS ENDING IN -ER:
a nrtivp vnirp1 AIMFR
conjugation of a verb in the active voice1 AIMER
ci ID iniurTiE
INDICATIF
Présent Passé composé Présent Passé
J' aim e f ai aimé que j' aim e que j' aie aimé
tu aim es tu as aimé que tu aim es que tu aies aimé
il aim e il a aimé qu'il aim e qu'il ait aimé
no aim n. aimé que n. aim que n. ayons aimé
us ons avons ions
vo aim ez v. avez aimé que v. aim iez que v. ayez aimé
us
ils aim ils ont aimé qu'ils aim ent qu'ils aient aimé
ent
Imparfait Plus-que-parfait Imparfait Plus-que-parfait
r aim ais j" avais aimé que j' aim asse que j' eusse aimé
tu aim ais tu aimé que tu aim que tu eusses aimé
avais asses
il aim ait il avait aimé qu'il aim ât qu'il eût aimé
no aim n. aimé que n. aim que n.
us ions avions assions eussionsaimé
vo aim iez v. aviez aimé que v. aim que v. eussiez
us assiez aimé
ils aim qu'ils aim qu'ils eussent aimé
aient ils avaient aimé assent
Passé simple Passé antérieur
3 Assaillir, couvrir, cueillir, défaillir, offrir, ouvrir, souffrir and tressaillir follow this pat-
tern, as do avoir, savoir and vouloir in the imperative only (aie, sache, veuille).
4 Note that this tense is formed in French from the 2nd person of the past historic tense.
5 Verbs ending in-dre take a final d (except those ending in -indre and -soudre, which
take a t).
6 These have a final -ont: ils sont, ils ont, ils font, ils vont.
7 Exceptions: je vins etc.; je tins etc.; que je vinsse, que je tinsse and their compounds.
8 ''Meteorological’' verbs (neiger, pleuvoir etc.) have no present participle except in a
figurative sense.
ayant aimé ils eussent aimé
1. For verbs which take the auxiliary être in the active voice, see conjugation of verbs aller (Table
22) or mourir (Table 34).
Verbs ending in -cer take a cedilla on the c when it precedes the vowels a and o:
commençons, tu commenças, in order to keep the soft sound.
N.B. For verbs ending in -ecer, see also table 10.
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
placé
nous pla çons n. avons que n. pla cions que n. ayons
placé placé
vous pla cez v. avez placé que v. pla ciez que v. ayez
placé
ils pla cent ils ont placé qu'ils pla cent qu'ils aient
placé
Imparfait Plus-que-parfait Imparfait Plus- que -parfai t
placé
nous pla cions n. avions que n. pla que n.
placé passions eussions placé
vous pla ciez v. aviez placé que v. pla que v. eussiez
passiez placé
ils pla paient ils avaient qu'ils pla qu'ils eussent
placé passent placé
Passé antérieur
j' eus
Passé simple IMPÉRATIF
je pla çai placé Présent Passé
tu pla ças tu eus placé
il pla ça il eut placé pla ce aie placé
nous pla çâmes n. eûmes pla çons ayons placé
placé
vous pla çâtes v. eûtes placé pla cez ayez placé
ils pla cèrent ils eurent
Futur simple placé
Futur antérieur
CONDITIONNEL
Présent Passé 1n forme
je pla cerai j' aurai placé je pla cerais j’ aurais placé
tu pla ceras tu auras tu pla cerais tu aurais placé
placé
il pla cera il aura placé il pla cerait il aurait placé
nous pla cerons n. aurons n. pla cerions n. aurions
placé placé
vous pla cerez v. aurez v. pla ceriez v. auriez placé
placé
ils pla ceront ils auront ils pla ceraient ils auraient
placé placé
placé
n. eussions
placé
pla cer avoir placé P* Ç 3 ant
P’ ®e a
v. eussiez placé
ayant placé ils eussent placé
Verbs ending in -ger retain the e after the g when it precedes the vowels a and o: nous
jugeons, tu jugeas, in order to keep the soft sound. (Verbs ending in -guer always keep
the u after the g).
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Présent
Passé composé
je man ge j ai mang
tu ' as é Passé
man ges t Présent que j' aie mangé
il man ge u a mang
no avon é que je man ge que tu aies mangé
man geons i que tu man ges qu'il ait mangé
us man gez l s mang
vo n avez é qu'il man ge que n. ayons
m gent . que n. man gions mangé
us ont mang
a V que v. man giez que v. ayez
ils é
n . qu'ils man gent mangé
i mang
qu'ils aient mangé
l é
s mang
é
Imparfait Plus-que -parfait Imparfait Plus-que -parfait
m
a j avai mang que j' eusse
je n geais ' s é que je man geasse mangé
tu m geais t avai mang que tu man geasses que tu eusses
a u s é mangé
n
il m geait i avait mang qu'il man geât qu'il eût
a l é
n mangé
no m gions n avio mang que n. man que n.
us a . ns é geassions eussionsmangé
n
vo m giez V avie mang que v. man geassiez que v. eussiez
us a . z é mangé
n
ils m geaie ils mang qu'ils man geassent qu'ils eussent
a nt avaient é mangé
n
MPERAl F
m
a j mang
je n geai ' eus é Présent Passé
tu m geas t eus mang
a u é
n
il m gea i eut mang man ge aie mangé
a l é
n
no m geâm n eûm mang man geons ayons mangé
us a es . es é
n
vo m geâte V eûte mang man gez ayez mangé
us a s . s é
n
ils m gèren i eure mang
a t l nt é
n s
CONDITIONNEL
que je p
je p esais j' avais pesé esasse que j' eusse pesé
tu p esais tu pesé que tu p que tu eusses pesé
avais esasses
¡1 p esait il avait pesé qu'il p esât qu'il eût pesé
no p n. pesé que n. p que n. eussions
us esions avions esassions pesé
vo p estez v. aviez pesé que v. p que v. eussiez pesé
us esassiez
ils p ils pesé qu'ils p qu'ils eussent pesé
esaient avaient esassent
IM Ht HA 1 il»-
cédé
il c ède il a cédé qu'il c ède qu'il ait
cédé
que n. ayons
n. avons cédé que n. c édions cédé
vous c édez v. avez cédé que v. c édiez que v. ayez
cédé
ils c èdent ils ont cédé qu'ils c èdent qu'ils aient
cédé
tu eusses jeté
Présent Passé Présent Passé il eût jeté
n. eussionsjeté
j avoir jeté j j été, ée v. eussiez jeté
et étant
er
ayant jeté ils eussent jeté
2. e changes to è before a silent syllable
Some verbs do not double the 1 or t before a mute e:
1. Verbs ending in -eler conjugated like je modèle: celer (déceler, receler), ciseler,
démanteler, écarteler, s'encasteler, geler (degeler, congeler, surgeler), marteler, modeler,
peler.
2. Verbs ending in -eter conjugated like j’achète: acheter (racheter), bégueter, corseter,
crocheter, fileter, fureter, haleter.
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF Passé
Présent Présent que j' aie modelé
je mod èle que je mod èle que tu aies
tu mod èles que tu mod èles modelé
il mod èle Passé composé qu'il mod èle qu'il ait modelé
nous mod elons j' ai modelé que n. mod elions que n. ayons
vous mod elez tu as modelé que v. mod eliez modelé
il a modelé qu'ils mod èlent que v. ayez
ils mod èlent modelé
n. avons modelé
v. avez modelé qu'ils aient
ils ont modelé modelé
Imparfait Plus-que -parfait
Imparfait Plus-que-parfait que j' eusse
que je mod elasse
je mod elais j' avais modelé modelé
que tu mod elasses
tu mod elais tu avais modelé que tu eusses modelé
qu'il mod elât
il mod elait il avait modelé qu'il eût modelé
n. avions modelé que n. mod que n. eussions
nous mod elions
v. aviez modelé classions modelé
vous mod elîez
ils avaient modelé que v. mod elassiez que v. eussiez modelé
ils mod elaient
qu'ils mod elassent qu'ils eussent modelé
Passé simple IMPERATIF
Passé antérieur Présent
je mod elai
j' eus modelé mod èle
tu mod elas mod elons Passé
tu eus modelé
il mod ela mod elez aie modelé
il eut modelé
nous mod ayons modelé
n. eûmes modelé
elâmes ayez modelé
v. eûtes modelé
vous mod elâtes ils eurent modelé
ils mod elèrent
FOND1UNNr1
Futur simple
Futur antérieur Présent Passé 1n forme
je mod èlerai
j' aurai modelé je mod èlerais j' aurais modelé
tu mod èleras
il mod èlera tu auras modelé tu mod èlerais tu aurais modelé
il aura modelé il mod èlerait il aurait modelé
nous mod n. aurons modelé n. aurions modelé
èlerons n. mod èlerions
v. aurez modelé v. mod èleriez v. auriez modelé
vous mod èlerez ils auront modelé ils auraient modelé
ils mod èleraient
ils mod èleront
Passé 2" forme
créé
no cr n. créé que n. cr éions que n. ayons
us éons avons créé
vo cr éez v. avez créé que v. cr éiez que v. ayez
us créé
ils cr éent ils ont créé qu’ils cr éent qu'ils aient créé
créé
no cr n. créé que n. cr que n. eussions
us éions avions éassions créé
vo cr éiez v. aviez créé que v. cr que v. eussiez
us éassiez créé
ils cr ils créé qu'ils cr qu'ils eussent
éaient avaient éassent créé
Passé simple Passé antérieur IMPÉRATIF
je cr éai j' eus créé Présent Passé
tu cr éas tu eus créé
il cr éa il eut créé cr ée aie créé
no cr n. créé cr éons ayons créé
us éâmes eûmes
vo cr v. créé cr éez ayez créé
us éâtes eûtes
ils cr ils créé
éèrent eurent
CON DiTlON N EL
j' appréci erai j' aurai appréci j' appréci erais j’ aurais apprécié
tu appréci tu auras é tu appréci erais tu aurais apprécié
il eras il aura appréci il appréci erait il aurait apprécié
no appréci era n. é n. appréci erions n. aurions apprécié
us appréci aurons appréci v. appréci eriez v. auriez apprécié
vo erons v. aurez é ilsappréci eraient ils auraient apprécié
us appréci ils appréci
ils erez auront é
appréci appréci
eront é
appréci
é
Passé 2* forme
INFINITIF PARTICIPE j eusse apprécié
tu eusses apprécié
Présent Passé il eût apprécié
appréci er avoir Présent Passé
n. eussions apprécié
apprécié appréci ant appréci é, ée v. eussiez apprécié
ayant apprécié ils eussent apprécié
These verbs either:
1. Keep the y throughout the conjugation;
2. Replace the y with an i before a mute e - i e. before the following endings: e, es, ent,
erai, erais; je paye (pronounced pey) or je paie (pronounced pe)
Notice the presence of an i after y in the first two persons of the plural in the imperfect
indicative and the present subjunctive.
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Présent Passé composé Présent Passé
broyé
nous br oyions n. avions que n. br que n. eussions
broyé oyassions broyé
vous br oyiez v. aviez broyé que v. br que v. eussiez
oyassiez broyé
ils br oyaient ils avaient qu'ils br qu'ils eussent
Passé simple broyé oyassent broyé
Passé antérieur IMPÉRATIF
broyé
il eussions
n. broyé
br oyer avoir br oyant br oyé, ée v. eussiez broyé
broyé ayant broyé i eussent
ls broyé
ENVOYER 18
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Passé 2* forme
INFINITIF PARTICIPE j' eusse fini
tu eusses fini
Présent Passé Présent Passé il eût fini
n. eussionsfini
fin ir avoir fini fin issant fin i, ie v. eussiez fini
ayant fini ils eussent fini
1. About 300 verbs ending in -ir are conjugated in this way, forming, together with the -er verbs, the
currently used conjugation.
The verbs obéir and désobéir, which are intransitive in the active voice, retain an old transitive
construction in the passive voice: “Sera-t-elte obéie?”
HAÏR 20
Hair is the only verb with the ending -ir: the i has a diaeresis throughout the conjuga-
tion, with the exception of the three singular persons in the present indicative and the
second person singular in the imperative. The diaeresis excludes the necessity of the
circumflex accent in the past historic and imperfect subjunctive tenses.
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
h j
je haïrai j' aurai a e haï rais j' aurais haï
tu haïras tu h t hai rais tu aurais hai
auras a u
il haïra il aura h il haï rait il aurait haï
a
n haïron n. h n haï rions n. aurions hai
o s aurons a .
u
s
v haïrez v. h v haï riez v. auriez hai
o aurez a .
u
s
ils haïront ils h i haï raient ils auraient haï
auront a ls
Passé 2” forme
Tenir, venir and their compounds (p. 98) are conjugated in this way.
Venir and its compounds take the auxiliary être, except circonvenir, prévenir and subvenir.
Advenir is used only in the third person of the singular and plural; compound tenses are formed
with the auxiliary être: il est advenu.
Avenir is used only as a noun (meaning the future) and as an adjective (avenant).
VERBS ENDING IN -ÉRIR: ACQUÉRIR 24
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF =—■—
Présent Passé composé Présent Passé
j' acqu iers j' ai acquis que j' acqu ière que j" aie acquis
tu acqu iers tu as acquis que tu acqu ¡ères que tu aies acquis
il acqu iert il a acquis qu'il acqu ière qu il ait acquis
n. avons acquis que n. acqu étions que n. ayons
acquis
v acqu érez v. avez acquis que v. acqu étiez que v. ayez acquis
o
u
s
ils acqu ièrent ils ont acquis qu'ils acqu ièrent qu'ils aient acquis
j' acqu étais j' avais acquis que j’ acqu isse que j' eusse acquis
tu acqu étais tu avais acquis qùe tu acqu isses que tu eusses
acquis
il acqu était il avait acquis qu'il acqu ît qu'il eût acquis
n acqu n. avions acquis que n. acqu issions que n. eussions
o étions acquis
u
s
v acqu étiez v. aviez acquis que v. acqu issiez que v. eussiez
o acquis
u
s
ils acqu ils acquis qu'ils acqu issent qu'ils eussent
étaient avaient acquis
All the compounds of quérir (p. 98) are conjugated in this way.
Acquérir: do not confuse the nominalised participle acquis (avoir de l’acquis) with the verbal sub-
stantive acquit, from acquitter (par acquit, pour acquit).
Note the existence of an old form in the expression “à enquerre” ( - to be verified) used only in the infi-
nitive.
iiumrATiF SURJÎJNCTIF
sent
INFINITIF PARTICIPE j eusse i
tu sent
eusses i
sent
Présent Passé Présent Passé il eût i
n. eussionssenti
sen tir avoir senti sen tant sen ti, ie v. sent
eussiez i
ayant senti ils sent
eussent i
Mentir, sentir, partir, se repentir, sortir and their compounds (p. 98) are conjugated in this
way. The past participle menti is invariable, but dementi,ie can agree.
Départir, when used in the normal reflexive form, se départir, is conjugated like partir, je me
dépars..., je me départais.se départant. It is to be regretted that even noted au thors write: il se départis-
sait, se départissant and even, as the present indicative, il se départit, under the influence no doubt of the
model répartir.
VÊTIR 26
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
IMPERATIF
je vêtis j' eus vêtu Présent Passé
tu vêtis tu eus vêtu
il vêtit il eut vêtu vêts aie vêtu
n vêtîm n. vêtu vêtons ayons vêtu
o es eûmes
u
s
v vêtîte v. eûtes vêtu vêtez ayez vêtu
o s
u
s
ils vêtire ils vêtu
nt eurent
CONDITIONNE
L
Futur simple Futur antérieur Présent Passé 1n forme
Couvrir, ouvrir, offrir, souffrir and their compounds (p. 98) are conjugated in this way. Note
the similarity of the present indicative, imperative and subjunctive with those of the First Group.
CUEILLIR 28
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Accueillir and recueillir are conjugated in this way. Note the similarity of the endings of this verb
to those of the first group, especially those of the future and conditional
tenses: je cueillerai, j'aimerai. (However, the past historic isje cueillis, as opposed to j>aimai).
29 VERBS ENDING IN -AILLIR: ASSAILLIR
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Présent Passé composé Présent Passé
que j' aie
assail
j' ass aille Íai li que j' ass aille assailli
tu ass ailles tu as assail que tu ass que tu aies assailli
li ailles
il ass aille il a assail qu'il ass aille qu'il ait
li
assailli
no assail que n. ass que n. ayons
us ass aillons n. avons li aillions assailli
vo assail que v. ass
us ass aillez v. avez li ailliez que v. ayez assailli
ils ass aillent ils ont assail qu'ils ass qu'ils aient assailli
li aillent
Tressaillir and défaillir (see following page) are conjugated in this way. Although some famous
writers of prose have risked putting il tressaillit as the present indicative, the dictionary of the Acadé-
mie, far from permitting this form, writes il tressaille de joie. The same applies to je tressaillerai, the
correct form of which is: je tressaillirai.
In the future tense saillir becomes il saillera, ils sailleront.
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Imparfait Plus-que-parfait
IMPÉRATIF
je faillais, etc. j'avais failli...
INFINITIF PARTICIPE
Présent Passé Présent Passé
faillir avoir failli faillant failli, ayant failli
Passé 2e forme
Redormîr, endormir and rendormir are conjugated in this way. These last two have a variable
past participle: endormi, endormie, whereas the feminine dormie is practically unused.
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Note the double r in the future and the conditional: je mourrai, je mouvrais, and the use of the auxiliary
être in compound tenses.
35 SERVIR
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
s
e
r ir
je v ai j' aurai servi je serv irais j' aurais servi
tu s ir tu servi tu serv irais tu aurais servi
e a auras
r s
v
il s ir il aura servi il serv irait il aurait servi
e a
r
v
n s ir n. servi n. serv irions n. aurions servi
o e o aurons
us r n
v s
vo s ir v. servi v. serv iriez v. auriez servi
us e e aurez
r z
v
ils s ir ils servi ils serv iraient ils auraient servi
e o auront
r nt
v
Passé 2* forme
Desservir and resservir are conjugated like this. However, asservir is conjugated according to
the pattern for finir-
FUIR 36
INDICATIF SUBJONC1
j
je gis e gisais gisant
tu gis t gisais
u
il gît i gisait
l
nous gisons n gisions
ous
vous gisez v gisiez
ous
ils gisent i gisaient
ls
The verb gésir is hardly used, except when speaking about sick or dead people, and about things
knocked over through time or destruction: Nous gisions tous les deux sur le pavé d’un cachot, malades et
privés de secours. Son cadavre gît maintenant dans le tombeau. Des colonnes gisant éparses. (Académie),
cf. The tombstone inscription: ci-gît here lies).
VERBS ENDING IN -CEVOIR: RECEVOIR 38
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Passé 2e forme
A cedilla is placed under the c each time that it precedes an o or u. Apercevoir, concevoir,
décevoir and percevoir are also conjugated in this way.
INDICATIF QIIR.1DNCTI F
vu
n
o voyon n. que n. ayons
us s avons vu que n. voyions vu
vo voyez v. avez vu que v. voyiez que v. ayez
us vu
ils voient ils ont vu qu’ils voient qu'ils aient
vu
Plus -que -
Imparfait Plus-que -parfait Imparfait
parfait
que j’ eusse
je voyais j' avais vu que je visse vu
tu voyais tu avais vu que tu visses que tu
eusses vu
il voyait il avait vu qu'il vît qu'il eût
vu
n voyion n. vu que n. vissions que n.
o s avions eussionsvu
us
vo voyiez v. aviez vu que v. vissiez que v.
us eussiez vu
ils voyaie ils vu qu’ils vissent qu'ils
nt avaient eussent vu
IMPERATIF
je vis j' eus vu Présent Passé
tu vis tu eus vu
il vit il eut vu vois aie vu
n vîmes n. vu voyons ayons vu
o eûmes
us
V vîtes v. eûtes vu voyez ayez vu
O
L
T
S
ils virent ils vu
eurent
CONDITIONNEL
Futur simple Futur antérieur Présent Passé 1n forme
je verrai j' aurai vu je verrais j' aurais vu
tu verras tu auras vu tu verrais tu aurais vu
il verra il aura vu il verrait il aurait vu
n verron n. vu n. verrions n. aurions vu
o s aurons
us
V verrez v. aurez vu v. verriez v. auriez vu
O
U
S
ils verron ils vu ils verraient ils auraient
t auront vu
Passé 2e forme
Entrevoir, revoir and prévoir are also conjugated in this way. In the future and the conditional,
prévoir becomes: je prévoirai... je prévoirais...
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Pourvoir is conjugated like voir (Table 39), except in the future and conditional: je pourvoirai, je
pourvoirais, and in the past historic and imperfect subjunctive: je pourvus, que je pourvusse.
Dépourvoir is rarely used, and then only in the past historic, the infinitive, as a past participle, and
in compound tenses: il le dépourvut de tout. It is frequently used reflexively: Je me suis dépourvu de tout
pour vous.
41 SAVOIR
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
IMPERATIF
je sus j' eus su Présent Passé
tu sus tu eus su
il sut il eut su sache aie su
n sûme n. su sachons ayons su
o s eûmes
us
vo sûtes v. eûtes su sachez ayez su
us
ils surent ils su
eurent
CONDITIONNE
L
Futur simple Futur antérieur Présent Passé forme
Note the unusual use of the subjunctive in the phrases: je ne sache pas qu’il soit venu; il n’est pas venu,
que je sache.
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
dû
que n.
nous devions n. avions dû que n. dussions eussionsdû
vous deviez v. aviez dû que v. dussiez que v.
eussiez dû
ils devaient ils avaient dû qu'ils dussent qu'ils
Passé simple Passé antérieur IMPÉRATIF eussent dû
Devoir and redevoir are conjugated in this way, and both take a circumflex accent on the ‘u’ of the
past participle when in the masculine singular form only: du, redu.
No accent would appear, however, on: due, dus, dues; redue, redus, redoes.
The imperative is rarely used.
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Passé
Présent Présent Passé
composé
que j' aie
je peux j' ai pu que je puisse pu
ou je puis tu as pu que tu puisses que tu aies
pu
tu peux il a pu qu'il puisse qu il ait
pu
il peut n. avons pu que n. puissions que n.
ayons pu
que v. ayez
nous pouvons v. avez pu que v. puissiez pu
vous pouvez ils ont pu qu'ils puissent qu ils aient
ils peuvent pu
Plus-que- Plus-que-
Imparfait Imparfait
parfait parfait
que j' eusse
je pouvais j' avais pu que je pusse pu
tu pouvais tu avais pu que tu pusses que tu
eusses pu
il pouvait il avait pu qu'il pût qu'il eût
pu
nous pouvions n. avions pu que n. pussions que n.
eussionspu
vous pouviez v. aviez pu que v. pussiez que v.
eussiez pu
ils pouvaient ils avaient qu'ils pussent qu'ils
pu eussent pu
IMPÉRATIF
Passé
Passé simple antérieur
je pus j' eus pu
tu pus tu eus pu
il put il eut pu pas d’impératif
nous pûmes n. eûmes pu CONDITIONNEL
vous pûtes v. eûtes pu
ils purent ils eurent pu
Futur Passé T*
Futur simple Présent
antérieur forme
je pourrai j’ aurai pu je pourrais j' aurais pu
tu pourras tu auras pu tu pourrais tu aurais pu
il pourra il aura pu il pourrait il aurait pu
nous pourrons n. aurons pu n. pourrions n. aurions
pu
vous pourrez v. aurez pu v. pourriez v. auriez pu
ils pourront ils auront pu ils pourraient ils auraient
pu
Passé T forme
INFINITIF PARTICIPE j
' eusse pu
tu eusses pu
Présent Passé Présent Passé i eût pu
l eussionspu
n.
pouvoir avoir pu pouvant pu v. eussiez pu
ayant pu ils eussent pu
Notice that the verb pouvoir takes a double r in the future and conditional tenses, but that, unlike
mourir and courir, only one is pronounced.
Je puis gives a more elevated style than je peux. Puis-je? is used in the interrogative, and not peux-je?.
Il se peut que... can be used to mean il peut se faire que... in the sense of il peut arriver que, il est possible que.
This construction takes the subjunctive.
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Présent Passé composé Présent Passé
Emouvoir is conjugated like mouvoir, but the masculine singular past participle: emu takes no
circumflex accent.
Promouvoir is conjugated like mouvoir, but the past participle pTomu has no circumflex accent in
the masculine singular form. This verb is hardly used except in the infinitive, the past participle and in
compound tenses. Advertising and commercial usage of the verb have made the other forms obsolete
in recent years.
45 THE IMPERSONAL VERB PLEUVOIR
Présent
pleuvoir
Passé
avoir plu
Présent
pleuvant
Passé
plu .
ayant plu
il eût plu
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Présent Présent
Plus-que-
Imparfait Plus-que-parfait Imparfait
parfait
Passé T*
il aura plu Présent forme
CONDITIONNE
Futur simple Futur antérieur
L
il faudra il aura fallu
Présent
il faudrait
INFINITIF PARTICIPE
Présent Passé
falloir fallu
Passé
qu'il ait fallu
Plus-que-parfait
qu'il eût fallu
Passé T* forme
¡1 aurait fallu
Passé 2e forme
il eût fallu
In the expressions: il s’en faut de beaucoup, tant s’en faut and peu s’en faut,
faillir (in the sense of manquer, faire défaut} and not from falloir.
form faut is derived from
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Présent Passé composé Présent Passé
je valais j' avais valu que je valusse que j' eusse valu
tu valais tu avais valu que tu que tu eusses valu
valusses
il valait il avait valu qu'il valût qu'il eût valu
no valion n. que n.
us s avions valu valussions que n. eussionsvalu
vo que v.
us valiez v. aviez valu valussiez que v. eussiez valu
ils valaie ils valu qu'ils qu'ils eussent valu
nt avaient valussent
IMPERATIF
je valus j' eus valu Présent Passé
tu valus tu eus valu
il valut il eut valu vaux aie valu
no valûm n.
us es eûmes valu valons ayons valu
vo valûte v. eûtes valu valez ayez valu
us s
ils valure ils valu
nt eurent
CONDITIONNEL
Futur simple Futur antérieur Présent Passé 11* forme
vaudra
je i j' aurai valu je vaudrais j' aurais valu
tu vaudra tu valu tu vaudrais tu aurais valu
s auras
il vaudra il aura valu il vaudrait il aurait valu
no vaudro n.
us ns aurons valu j n. vaudrions n. aurions valu
vo vaudre
us z v. aurez valu v. vaudriez v. auriez valu
ils vaudro ils valu ils vaudraient ils auraient valu
nt auront
Passé 2* forme
Equivaloir, prévaloir and revaloir are conjugated in this way, but in the present
subjunctive, prévaloir becomes: que je prévale... que nous prévalions... Il ne faut pas que la coutume prévale
sur la raison. (Ac.). In the reflexive voice, the past participle agrees: elle s’est prévalue de ses droits.
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Présent Passé composé Présent Passé
The imperatives veux, voulons, voulez are only used in certain rare cases when urging someone to adopt
a strong sense of will: Veux donc, malheureux, et tu seras sauvé.
The polite form is veuille, veuillez - in the sense of: aie, ayez la bonne volonté de; Veuillez agréer mes respec-
tueuses salutations. In the present subjunctive the original forms: que nous voulions, que vous vouliez - are
taking over the form: que nous veuillions, que vous veuilliez which are seen as old-fashioned and learned.
With the adverbial pronoun en the verb takes on the meaning of: avoir du ressentiment in the following
phrases: ne m'en veux pas, ne rnen voulez pas, although literary language would use the subjunctive: ne
m’en veuille pas, ne m’en veuillez pas.
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Présent Ou Passé
j' ass oyais j' avais assis
tu ass oyais tu avais assis
H ass oyait il avait assis assieds ass ois aie assis
nous ass oyions n. avions assis asseyons ass oyons ayons assis
vous ass oyiez v. aviez assis asseyez ass oyez ayez assis
/7s ass oyaient ils avaient assis CONDITIONNEL
This verb is conjugated largely in the reflexive voice: s’asseoir. The infinitive assemr is spelt with an
etymological e, unlike the present indicative: j’assois and the future; 'assoirai. Forms ending in ie and
ey are preferable to those in oi which arc less refined. The future and the conditional: fasseyerai.
fasseyerais..., are not in current usage.
SEOIR: CONVENIR
SUBJONC
INDICATIF TIF
CONDITIONNEL ù
INFINITIF
Présent
seoir
PARTICIPE
Présent
séant (seyant)
Présent
il siérait
ils siéraient
Note: this verb has no compound tenses.
The verb SEOIR in the sense of être assis, prendre seance, exists only in the following forms:
Present PARTICIPLE: séant (sometimes used an a noun: cf. "sur son scant ’).
Past PARTICIPLE: m, sise. used only adjectivally in a legal style in place of situé, située: Hôtel sis à
Pans.
MESSEOIR: N'ÊTRE PAS CONVENABLE
SUBJONC
INDICATIF. '.'X-’V.*','.. TIF
sursis
il sursoit il a sursis qu'il sursoie qu'il ait
sursis
no sursoyons n. avons sursis que n. que n. ayons
us sursoyions sursis
vo sursoyez v. avez sursis que v. que v. ayez sursis
us sursoyiez
ils sursoient ils ont sursis qu’ils sursoient qu'ils aient sursis
sursis
no sursoyions n. avions sursis que n. que n. eussions
us sursissions sursis
vo sursoyiez v. aviez sursis que v. que v. eussiez
us sursissiez sursis
ils sursoyaien ils sursis qu'ils qu'ils eussent
t avaient sursissent sursis
IMPERATIF
CONDITIONNEL
Futur simple Futur antérieur Présent Passé T‘ forme
Surseoir has made general the oi forms from asseoir, with the peculiarity that the e of the infinitive
occurs in the future and conditional tenses: je surseoirai, je surseoirais.
CHOIR (simple tenses) 52
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Présent Passé simple Futur simple
Imparfait
je chois je chus je choirai, etc,
tu chois il chut je cherrai qu’il chût
il choit
ils choient
rendu
no ren n. que n. ren que n. ayons
us dons avons rendu dions rendu
vo ren dez v. avez rendu que v. ren diez que v. ayez
us rendu
ils ren ils ont rendu qu'ils ren dent qu'ils aient rendu
dent
pris
n pr enons n. avons pris que n. pr que n. ayons
o enions pris
us
vo pr enez v. avez pris que v. pr eniez que v. ayez pris
us
ils pr ennent ils ont pris qu’ils pr ennent qu'ils aient pris
Plus-que-
Imparfait Imparfait Plus-que-parfait
parfait
je pr enais j' avais pris que je pr isse que j' eusse pris
tu pr enais tu avais pris que tu pr isses que tu eusses
pris
il pr enait il avait pris qu'il pr ît qu'il eût
pris
n pr enions n. avions pris que n. pr que n. eussions
o issions pris
us
vo pr enîez v. aviez pris que v. pr issiez que v. eussiez
us pris
ils pr enaient ils avaient pris qu'ils pr issent qu'ils eussent
pris
IMPERATIF
Passé 2* forme
mettai
je s j' avais mis que je misse que j’ eusse mis
tu mettai tu avais mis que tu misses que tu eusses mis
s
il mettait il avait mis qu'il mît qu'il eût mis
n mettio n. mis que n. missions que n. eussions
o ns avions mis
us
vo mettie v. aviez mis que v. missiez que v. eussiez
us z mis
ils mettai ils mis qu'ils missent qu'ils eussent mis
ent avaient
IMPERATIF
je mis j" eus mis Présent Passé
tu mis tu eus mis
il mit il eut mis mets aie mis
n mîmes n. mis mettons ayons mis
o eûmes
us
vo mîtes v. eûtes mis mettez ayez mis
us
ils mirent ils mis
eurent
CONDITIONNEL
Futur simple Futur antérieur Présent Passé 1n forme
peint
il p eint il a peint qu'il p eigne qu'il ait
peint
no p eignons n. avons peint que n. p que n. ayons
us eignions peint
vo p eignez v. avez peint que v. p eigniez que v. ayez
us peint
ils p eignent ils ont peint qu’ils p eignent qu'ils aient
peint
Imparfait Plus-que-parfait Imparfait Plus-que-parfait
peint
no p eignions n. avions peint que n. p que n.
us oignissions eussions peint
vo p eigniez v. aviez peint que v. p que v. eussiez
us oignissiez peint
ils p ils peint qu’ils p qu'ils eussent
signaient avaient eignissent peint
IMPERATIF
Passé simple
je p eignis j' eus peint Présent Passé
tu p eignis tu eus peint
il p eignit il eut peint p eins aie peint
no p n. eûmes peint p eignons ayons peint
us eignîmes
vo p eignîtes v. eûtes peint p eignez ayez peint
us
ils p eignirent ils eurent peint
ffïN niTiniM IM F1
peint
n. eussions
peint
p eindre avoir peint p eignant p eint. einte v. eussiez
peint
ayant peint ils eussent
peint
Astreindre, atteindre, ceindre, feindre, enfreindre, empreindre, geindre, teindre
and their compounds (p. 99) are conjugated in this way.
VERBS ENDING IN -OINDRE: JOINDRE 58
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Présent Passé composé Présent Passé
q que j' joi
je j oins j' ai joint ue je j oigne aie nt
tu j oins tu joint q j oignes que tu joi
as ue tu aies nt
il j oint il a joint qu’il j oigne qu'il ait joi
nt
n j oignons n. joint q j oignions que n. joi
o avons ue n. ayons nt
u
s
v j oignez v. joint q j oigniez que v. joi
o avez ue v. ayez nt
u
s
ils j oignent ils joint q j oignent qu'ils joi
ont u'ils aient nt
je j oignais j' avais joint que je j oignisse que j' eusse joint
tu j oignais tu avais joint que tu j que tu eusses joint
oignisses
il j oignait il avait joint qu’il j oignît qu'il eût joint
nous j oignions n. avions que n. j que n. eussionsjoint
joint oignissions
vous j oigniez v. aviez joint que v. j que v. eussiez joint
oignissiez
ils j oignaient ils avaient qu'ils j qu'ils eussent joint
joint oignissent
craint
il cr aint il a craint qu'il cr aigne qu’il ait
craint
n cr aignons n. avons craint que n. cr aignions que n. ayons
o craint
us
vo cr aignez v. avez craint que v. cr aigniez que v. ayez
us craint
ils cr aignent ils ont craint qu'ils cr aignent qu'ils aient
craint
Imparfait Plus-que-parfait Imparfait Plus -que -parfait
craint
n cr signions n. avions craint que n. cr aignissions que n.
o eussionscraint
us
vo cr aigniez v. aviez craint que v. cr aignissiez que v. eussiez
us craint
ils cr ils craint qu’ils cr aignissent qu’ils eussent
signaient avaient craint
Passé antérieur IMPERATIF
je cr aignis j' eus craint Présent Passé
tu cr aignis tu eus craint
il cr aignit il eut craint cr ains aie craint
n cr n. eûmes craint cr aignons ayons craint
o signîmes
us
vo cr aignîtes v. eûtes craint cr aignez ayez craint
us
ils cr aignirent ils eurent craint
CONDITIONNE
L
Présent
Futur simple Futur antérieur Passé T* forme
je cr aindrai j' aurai craint je cr aindrais j' aurais craint
tu cr aindras tu auras craint tu cr aindrais tu aurais craint
il cr aindra il aura craint il cr aindrait il aurait craint
n cr aindrons n. craint n. cr aindrions n. aurions craint
o aurons
us
vo cr aindrez v. aurez craint v. cr aindriez v. auriez craint
us
ils cr aindront ils auront craint ils cr aindraient ils auraient
craint
Passé 2* forme
vaincu
il vainc il a vaincu qu’il vainque qu'il ait
vaincu
n vainquons n. avons vaincu que n. vainquions que n. ayons
o vaincu
u
s
v vainquez v. avez vaincu que v. vainquiez que v. ayez
o vaincu
u
s
ils vainquent ils ont vaincu qu'ils vainquent qu’ils aient vaincu
vaincu
n vainquions n. avions vaincu que n. vainquissions que n.
o eussionsvaincu
u
s
v vainquiez v. aviez vaincu que v. vainquissiez que v. eussiez
o vaincu
u
s
ils vainquaien ils vaincu qu'ils vainquissent qu'ils eussent
t avaient vaincu
IMPERATIF
Passé 2* forme
The only irregularity of vaincre is that it has no final t in the third person singular of the present indica-
tive: U vainc.
When preceding a vowel (except u) the c changes to qu: nous vainquons.
Convaincre is conjugated as above.
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Présent Présent
Passé composé Passé
je trais r ai trait que je traie que j' aie trait
tu trais tu as trait que tu traies que tu aies trait
il trait il a trait qu'il traie qu'il ait trait
nous n. trait que n. trayions que n. ayons trait
trayons avons
vous trayez v. avez trait que v. trayiez que v. ayez trait
ils traient ils ont trait qu'ils traient qu'ils aient trait
The compounds of traire (in the sense of tirer) are conjugated as above, extraire,
distraire etc. (see p. 99), as is braire which is only used in the third person of the
present indicative, the future and the conditional.
FAIRE 62
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
IMPERATIF
Passé simple
je fis j’ eus fait Présent Passé
tu fis tu eus fait
il fit il eut fait fais aie fait
nous fîmes n. fait faisons ayons fait
eûmes
vous fîtes v. eûtes fait faites ayez fait
ils firent ils fait
eurent CONDITIONNE
L
Futur simple Futur antérieur Présent Passé 1n forme
Complaire and déplaire are conjugated as above, as is taire, which takes no circumflex accent in
the present indicative: il tait, and whose past participle is variable: les plaintes se sont tues
VERBS ENDING IN -AÎTRE: CONNAITRE 64
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Présent Passé composé Présent Passé
Connaître, paraître and their compounds (p. 99) are conjugated as above.
All verbs ending in -aître take a circumflex accent on the i when preceding a t, as do all verbs ending
in -oître.
INDICATIF» SUBJONCTIF
Présent Présent
Passé composé Passé
je nais je suis né que je naisse que je sois né
tu nais tu es né que tu naisses que tu sois né
il naît il est né qu'il naisse qu'il soit né
nous n. sommes nés que n. naissions que n. soyons nés
naissons v. êtes nés que v. naissiez que v. soyez nés
vous naissez ils sont nés qu'ils naissent qu'ils soient nés
ils naissent
COND T ONNÈl
Futur simple Futur antérieur Présent Passé 1n forme
IMPÉRATIF
Imparfait Futur simple
pais
je paissais je paîtrai
paissez
tu paissais tu paîtras
il paissait il paîtra
nous paissions n, paîtrons
vous paissiez v, paîtrez
ils paissaient ils paîtront
CONDITIONNE
INFINITIF PARTICIPE L
REPAÎTRE
Repaître conjugated like paître, but in the following additional tenses:
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Passé
Imparfait Imparfait Plus-que-parfait
antérieur
je croissais j' eus crû que je crûsse que j' eusse crû
tu croissais tu eus crû que tu crûsses que tu eusses crû
il croissait il eut crû qu'il crût qu'il eût crû
no croissions n. eûmes crû que n. que n. eussionscrû
us crûssions
vo croissiez v. eûtes crû que v. crûssiez que v. eussiez crû
us
ils croissaien ils eurent crû qu'ils crûssent qu’ils eussent crû
t
IMPERATIF
Passé 2* forme
Plus-que-
Imparfait Imparfait Plus- que -parfait
parfait
je croyais j' avais cru que je crusse que j' eusse cru
tu croyais tu avais cru que tu crusses que tu eusses cru
il croyait il avait cru qu'il crût qu'il eût cru
nous croyions n. avions cru que n. que n. eussionscru
crussions
vous croyiez v. aviez cru que v. crussiez que v. eussiez cru
ils croyaient ils avaient qu'ils crussent qu'ils eussent cru
cru
Passé 2* forme
j' eusse cru
tu eusses cru
il eût cru
INFINITIF PARTICIPE n. eussionscru
Présent Passé Présent Passé v. eussiez cru
croire avoir cru croyant cru, ue ils eussent cru
ayant cru
IND CAT IF SUBJONCTIF
Éclore is only used in the third person. The, Académie writes: il éclat with no circumflex accent.
Enclore is found in the forms: nous enclosons, vous enclosez; imperative: enclosons, enclosez. The Acadé-
mie writes: U enclôt, with no circumflex accent.
Déclore takes no circumflex accent in the present indicative: il declot. It is hardly used, except in the
infinitive and past participle: déclos, déclose.
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
conclu
no que n. ayons
us con cluons n. avons conclu que n. con cluions conclu
vo que v. ayez
us con cluez v. avez conclu que v. con cluiez conclu
ils con cluent ils ont conclu qu'ils con cluent qu'ils aient conclu
je con durai j' aurai conclu je con durais j' aurais conclu
tu con duras tu auras conclu tu con durais tu aurais conclu
il con dura il aura conclu il con durait il aurait conclu
no
us con durons n. aurons conclu n. con durions n. aurions conclu
vo
us con durez v. aurez conclu v. con duriez v. auriez conclu
ils con cluront ils auront conclu ilscon duraient ils auraient conclu
Passé 2* forme
Inclure: past participle inclus(e). Note the difference between exclu(e) and inclus(e).
Occlure: past participle occlus(e).
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Passé composé
î’ ai absou
Présent tu as s Présent Passé
j ab sous il a absou que j' ab solve que j’ aie absous
tu a b sous n. avons s que tu ab solves que tu aies absous
il ab sout v. avez absou qu'il ab solve qu'il ait absous
nous ab solvons ils ont s que n. ab solvions que n.ayons absous
vous ab solvez absou que v. ab solviez que v. ayez absous
ils ab solvent s qu'ils ab solvent qu'ils aient absous
absou
s
absou
s
cousu
n couso n. cousu que n. que n. ayons
o ns avons cousions cousu
us
vo
us cousez v. avez cousu que v. cousiez que v. ayez cousu
ils couse ils ont cousu qu’ils cousent qu'ils aient cousu
nt
Imparfait Plus-que-parfait Imparfait Plus -que-parta it
cousu
n cousio n. cousu que n. que n.
o ns avions cousissions eussionscousu
us
vo cousie v. aviez cousu que v. que v. eussiez
us z cousissiez cousu
ils cousai ils cousu qu’ils qu'ils eussent
ent avaient cousissent cousu
Passé simple Passé antérieur IMPÉRATIF
je cousis j' eus cousu Présent Passé
tu cousis tu eus cousu
il cousit il eut cousu couds aie cousu
n cousî n. cousu cousons ayons cousu
o mes eûmes
us
vo cousît v.
us es eûtes cousu cousez ayez cousu
ils cousir ils cousu
ent eurent
rnRiniTinhiAiFi
IMPERATIF
j'
ie moulus eus moulu Présent Passé
tu
tu moulus eus moulu
il moulut il moulu mouds aie moulu
eut
n
o n.
us moulûmes eûmes moulu moulons ayons moulu
vo moulûtes v. moulu moulez ayez moulu
us eûtes
ils moulurent ils moulu
eurent
CONI) TKINNF
Futur simple Futur antérieur Présent Passé 1" forme
j'
je moudrai aurai moulu je moudrais j' aurais moulu
tu moudras tu moulu tu moudrais tu aurais moulu
auras
il
il moudra aura moulu il moudrait il aurait moulu
n
o n.
us moudrons aurons moulu n. moudrions n. aurions moulu
vo v.
us moudrez aurez moulu v. moudriez v. auriez moulu
ils moudront ils moulu ils moudraient ils auraient moulu
auront
Passé 2* forme
suivi
no suivon n. suivi que n. suivions que n. ayons
us s avons suivi
vo suivez v. avez suivi que v. suiviez que v. ayez suivi
us
ils suiven ils ont suivi qu’ils suivent qu'ils aient suivi
t
Imparfait Plus-que-parfait Imparfait Plus-que-parfait
suivi
no suivio n. suivi que n. que n.
us ns avions suivissions eussionssuivi
vo suivie v. aviez suivi que v. que v. eussiez
us z suivissiez suivi
ils suivai ils suivi qu'ils qu'ils eussent
ent avaient suivissent suivi
Passé simple Passé antérieur IMPÉRATIF
je suivis j' eus suivi Présent Passé
tu suivis tu eus suivi
il suivit il eut suivi suis aie suivi
no suivîm n. suivi suivons ayons suivi
us es eûmes
vo suivîte v. eûtes suivi suivez ayez suivi
us s
ils suivire ils suivi
nt eurent
CONDITIONNE
L
Futur simple Futur antérieur Présent Passé 1n forme
S’ensuivre (auxiliary être) and poursuivre are also conjugated in this way.
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
Revivre and survivre are also conjugated in this way. The past participle of the latter is invariable.
INDICATIF AHR.mNCTIF
Redire is conjugated as above. Contredire, dédire, interdire, médire and prédire take the
following forms in the present indicative and the imperative: (vous) contredisez, dédisez, interdisez^ médi-
sez, and prédisez. Maudire is conjugated like finir: nous maudissons, vous maudissez, ils maudissent, je
maudissais, etc., maudissant. However, the past participle is maudit, ite.
79 RIRE
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
CONDITIONNEL
Présent Passé 1n forme
je rirai j' aurai ri je rirais j' aurais ri
tu riras tu auras ri tu rirais tu aurais ri
il rira il aura ri il rirait il aurait ri
nous rirons n. aurons ri n. ririons n. aurions ri
vous rirez v. aurez ri v. ririez v. auriez ri
ils riront ils auront ri ils riraient ils auraient ri
Passé 2* forme
INFINITIF PARTICIPE j eusse r
' eusses r
tu
Présent Passé Présent Passé i eût
l
r
n. eussion
sr
rire avoir ri riant ri v. eussiez
r
ayant ri ils eussent
r
Notice the double i in the first two-plural persons of the imperfect and of the present subjunctive.
Sour ire is conjugated as above.
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
j’
j' é crirai aurai écrit j' é cri rais j' aurais écrit
tu é criras tu écrit tu é crirais tu aurais écrit
auras
il é crira il écrit il é crira it il aurait écrit
aura
no é crirons n. écrit n. é cririons n. aurions écrit
us aurons
vo é crirez v. écrit v. é cririez v. auriez écrit
us aurez
ils é criront ils écrit ils é criraient ils auraient écrit
auront
Passé 2“ forme
INFINITIF PARTICIPE j" eusse écrit
tu eusses écrit
Prése
Présent Passé nt Passé il eût écrit
n. eussionsécrit
é crire avoir écrit é crivant écrit, ite v. eussiez écrit
ayant écrit ils eussent écrit
Récrire and décrire are conjugated as above, together with all their compounds ending in -scrire
(p. 99).
81 CONFIRE
INDICATIF SUBJONCTIF
confit
n
o que n. que n. ayons
us confisons n. avons confit confisions confit
vo que v.
us confisez V. avez confit confisiez que v. ayez confit
ils confisent ils ont confit qu’ils confisent qu'ils aient confit
Passé 2“ forme
cuisai
je s f avais cuit que je cuisisse que j' eusse cuit
tu cuisai tu avais cuit que tu que tu eusses cuit
s cuisisses
il cuisait il avait cuit qu'il cuisît qu’il eût cuit
n cuisio n. cuit que n. que n. eussions
o ns avions cuisissions cuit
us
vo cuisie v. aviez cuit que v. que v. eussiez cuit
us z cuisissiez
ils cuisai ils cuit qu'ils qu'ils eussent cuit
ent avaient cuisissent
IMPERATIF
Conduire, construire, luire, nuire and their compounds (p. 99) are conjugated in this way.
Note the invariable past participles lut and nui.
In reluire and luire the past historic je (re)Iuisis is simplified to je (re)luis ils (re)luirent.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE VERBS IN THE THIRD GROUP
2 tenir 2 vêtir concevoir détendre
3 6
abstenir (s') dévêtir décevoir distendre
appartenir revêtir percevoir entendre
contenir 2 couvrir 39 voir étendre
7
détenir découvrir entrevoir prétendre
entretenir recouvrir prévoir retendre
maintenir ouvrir revoir sous-entendre
obtenir entrouvrir 40 pourvoir sous-tendre
retenir rentrouvrir dépourvoir vendre
soutenir rouvrir 41 savoir mévendre
venir offrir resavoir revendre
advenir souffrir 42 devoir 2 épandre
circonvenir 2 cueillir redevoir répandre
8
contrevenir accueillir 43 pouvoir 3 fondre
convenir recueillir 44 mouvoir confondre
devenir 2 assaillir émouvoir morfondre (se)
9
disconvenir saillir promouvoir parfondre
intervenir tressaillir 45 pleuvoir refondre
obvenir 3 faillir repleuvoir pondre
0
parvenir défaillir 46 falloir répondre
prévenir 3 bouillir 47 valoir correspondre
1
provenir débouillir équivaloir tondre
redevenir rebouillir prévaloir retondre
ressouvenir (se) 3 dormir revaloir 4 perdre
2
revenir endormir 48 vouloir reperdre
souvenir (se) redormir 49 asseoir 5 mordre
subvenir rendormir rasseoir démordre
survenir 3 courir 50 seoir remordre
3
2 acquérir accourir messeoir tordre
4
conquérir concourir 51 surseoir détordre
enquérir (s’) discourir 52 choir distordre
quérir encourir déchoir retordre
reconquérir parcourir échoir 6 rompre
requérir recourir 53 rendre corrompre
2 sentir secourir 1 défendre interrompre
5
consentir 3 mourir descendre 7 foutre
4
pressentir 3 servir condescendre contrefoutre
5 (se)
ressentir desservir redescendre 54 prendre
mentir resservir fendre apprendre
démentir (asservir 1 pourfendre comprendre
9)
partir 3 fuir refendre déprendre
6
départir enfuir (s') pendre désapprendre
repartir refuir appendre entreprendre
repentir (se) 3 ouïr dépendre éprendre (s')
7
sortir gésir rependre méprendre (se)
ressortir 3 recevoir suspendre réapprendre
8
apercevoir tendre reprendre
attendre surprendre
presented in the same order as the tables of conjugation, in which either the verb itself, or a verb of its
type (heavy print) is conjugated in full, with the exception of the auxiliary verb.
5 5
5 battre 8 joindre 66 paître 79 rire
abattre adjoindre repaître sourire
combattre conjoindre 67 croître 80 écrire
contre-battre disjoindre accroître circonscrire
débattre enjoindre décroître décrire
ébattre <s') rejoindre recroître inscrire
embatre oindre 68 croire prescrire
rabattre poindre accroire proscrire
rebattre 5 craindre 69 boire récrire
9
5 mettre contraindre emboire réinscrire
6
admettre plaindre 70 clore retranscrire
commettre 6 vaincre déclore souscrire
0
compromettre convaincre éclore transcrire
démettre 6 traire enclore 81 confire
1
émettre abstraire forclore déconfire
entremettre (s') distraire 71 conclure circoncire
omettre extraire exclure frire
permettre retraire inclure suffire
promettre soustraire occlure 82 cuire
réadmettre braire reclure recuire
remettre 6 faire 7 absoudre conduire
2 2
retransmettre contrefaire dissoudre déduire
soumettre défaire résoudre éconduire
transmettre forfaire 7 coudre enduire
3
5 peindre malfaire découdre induire
7
dépeindre méfaire recoudre introduire
repeindre parfaire 74 moudre produire
astreindre redéfaire émoudre reconduire
étreindre refaire remoudre réduire
restreindre satisfaire 75 suivre réintroduire
atteindre surfaire ensuivre (s') rendu ire
aveindre 6 plaire poursuivre reproduire
3
ceindre complaire 76 vivre retraduire
enceindre déplaire revivre séduire
empreindre taire survivre traduire
épreindre 6 connaître 77 lire construire
4
enfreindre méconnaître élire détruire
feindre reconnaître réélire instruire
geindre paraître relire reconstruire
teindre apparaître 78 dire luire
déteindre comparaître contredire entre-luire
éteindre disparaître dédire reluire
reteindre réapparaître interdire nuire
recomparaître (maudire 1 9) entre-nuire
(s')
reparaître médire
transparaître prédire
65 naître redire
renaître
CHOICE OF AUXILIARY
The following verbs can be conjugated with être or avoir, depending on their
precise context and nuance:
apparaître déborde diminuer expirer rajeunir
1
r
atterir décamp disconve faillir ressusc
er nir3 iter
augmenter déchoir disparaîtr grandir résulter
e4
camper décroîtr divorcer grossir sonner
e
changer dégeler échapper maigrir station
5
ner
chavirer dégénér échouer monter7 tourner
er
6
convenir déména éclore paraître trébuch
ger er
demeur trépass
crever er embellir passer er
crouler dénicher empirer pourrir vieillir
croupir descend enlaidir
re 2
3
FRENCH-ENGLISH
INDEX
OF 12.000 VERBS
consult the index
to find the model for the verb
you wish to conjugate
KEY TO SYMBOLS USED
IN THE DICTIONARY
battre these verbs are particularly com-
mon (see I'Echelie D-B, Ters aud
Reichenbach, sections 1 and 2).
I 9 Reference to conjugaison table of
that verb type.
a, de, etc. Preposition governed by the verb.
(se) or (s') Reflexive verb or usage.
D Defective verb.
II Impersonal verb or usage.
= Only used in the form given.
abaisser, - to tower, to abase.................. 6
abaisser (s'), to lower oneself................. 6
abaisser (s'), à, to sink to............................ 6
abandonner, - to abandon, to leave,
to give up ................... 6
abandonner (s), à, - to give way to .... 6
abasourdir, - to dumbfound......... 19
abâtardir, - to debase, to deteriorate. 19
abâtardir (s'), - to degenerate....................19
abattre, - to knockdown, to destroy . . 55
abattre (s'), - to collapse, to strike...
down.................................................55
abdiquer, - to abdicate ............ 6
aberrer, - to aberrate................................... 6
abêtir, - to make... stupid .......... 19
abêtir (s'), - to grow stupid........................ 19
abhorrer, - to abhor..................................... 6
abîmer, - to damage.................................... 6
abîmer (s'), - to get damaged, to sink .. 6
abjurer, - to renounce ................................. 6
ablatir, - to remove.................................... 19
abolir, - to abolish, to wipe... out............. 19
abolir (s'), - to cease to exist..................... 19
abominer, - to loathe................................... 6
abonder, - to abound, to be plentiful... 6
abonner, - to take a subscription to........ 6
abonner (s'), - to subscribe to................. 6
abonnir, - to improve................................. 19
aborder, - to approach, to touch land . . 6
aboucher, - to join up.................................. 6
aboucher (s'), - to join up with, to take
up with .................... 6
abouler, - to hand over, to come
along (famJ..........................-, . . . 6
abouter, - to join end to end........................ 6
aboutir, - to succeed, to endup............... 19
aboyer, - to bark (at).................................. 17
abraser, - to abrade.................................... 6
abréger, - to shorten................................. 14
abréger (s'), - to shorten........................... 14
abreuver, - to water (animal), to soak
(plant), to heap on (insults) ............... 6
abreuver (s'), - to drink deep....................... 6
abriter, - to shelter....................................... 6
abriter (s'), - to take shelter......................... 6
abroger, - to repeal..................................... 8
abrutir, - to stupefy.................................... 19
abrutir (s'), - to degrade oneself.............. 19
absenter (s'), - to leave .............................. 6
absorber, - to absorb ............. 6
absorber (s'), - to become absorbed in . 6
absoudre - to absolve................................72
absoudre de, - to torgive (someone)
something.........................................72
abstenir (s') - to abstain ........... 23
abstenir (s’) de - to refrain from ...... 23
abstraire, - to abstract................................61
abstraire (s'), - to isolate oneself.............61
abuser, - to misuse, to exploit..................... 6
abuser de, - to take advantage of,
to overdo............................................ 6
abuser (s'), - to be mistaken....................... 6
accabler, - to overwhelm,
to overpower, to condemn, to heap
on (insults)......................................... 6
accaparer, - to monopolize, to hoard,
to corner ................... 6
accastiller, - to equip (ship)......................... 6
accéder, à, - to attain, to have access
at, to accede to................................ 10
accélérer, - to accelerate . . . ................... 10
accélérer (s') - to gather speed............... 10
accentuer, - to stress.................................. 6
accentuer (s'), - to increase ....................... 6
accepter, - to accept ................................... 6
accidenter, - to damage, to injure........... 6
acclamer, - to acclaim, to cheer.............. 6
acclimater, - to acclimatize.......................... 6
acclimater (s'), - to become acclimatized 6
accointer (s'), - to make acquaintance . 6
accoler, - to place side by side,
to couple............................................ 6
accoler (s'), - to take up with....................... 6
accommoder, - to prepare, to focus
(sight), to reconcile............................ 6
accommoder (s'), de, - to put up with . 6
accommoder (s'), à, - to adapt oneself
to........................................................ 6
accompagner, - to accompany................ 6
accompagner (s'), de, - to go with .... 6
accomplir, - to accomplish, to fulfil... 19
accomplir (s'), - to finish............................ 19
accorder, - to grant, to concede,
to tune (piano)................................... 6
accorder (s'), - to agree with....................... 6
accoster, - to accost, to berth (boat)... 6
accoster (s'), - to greet................................ 6
accoler, - to lean......................................... 6
accoler (s'), à, - to lean against............... 6
accoucher, de - to give birth,
to deliver............................................ 6
accouder, (s') - to lean on one’s elbow . 6
accoupler, - to couple up with, to join,
to connect, to form pairs.................... 6
accoupler (s'), - to mate, to copulate .. 6
accourcir, - to shorten ............ 19
accourir, - to come running, to rush
in.......................................................33
accoutrer, - to rig out................................... 6
accoutrer (s') - to rig oneself out............. 6
accoutumer, - to accustom.......................... 6
accoutumer (s) à - to become
accustomed to,
to become familiar with...................... 6
accréditer, - to accrédité,
to substantiate................................... 6
accréditer (s’) - to ingratiate oneself ... 6
accrocher, - to hook, to hang up,
to collide with, to engage ........ 6
accrocher (s') - to hold on, to hold fast . 6
accrocher (s') à - to ding to ........ . 6
accroire, - to delude................................... D
accroître, - to increase, to enhance 67
accroupir (s'), - to squat............................ 19
accueillir, - to receive, to greet...... 28
acculer, - to drive to. . ............................... 6
accu ler (s') - to drive oneself to.................. 6
acculer (s') contre-to set one's back . . 6
against........................................................ 6
acculturer, - to accufturate ......... 6
accumuler, \ .
accumuler Is') ! to accumulate, toamass 6
accuser, - to accuse, to blame,
to acknowledge (letters), to show up 6
accuser (s') - to accuse oneself.
to accentuate ............... . 6
acérer, - to sharpen................................. 10
acétifier, - to acetify................................... 15
acétyler, - to create acetyl-acid ...... 6
achalander, - to provide with ........ 6
acharner, - to set on ............. 6
acharner (s') - to be intent on...................... 6
acharner (s') à - to persist in, to slave
at ........................ 6
acheminer, - to forward, to despatch . . 6
acheminer (s') - to proceed......................... 6
acheter, - to buy, to bribe ......... 12
achever, - to end, to complete ...... 9
achever (s') - to draw to an end.................. 9
achopper, sur, - to stumble over................. 6
achopper (s') sur - to stumble against . . 6
acidifier, - to acidity................................... 15
acidifier (s') - to turn sour .......... 15
acid u 1er, - to acidula te ............ 6
aciérer, - to steel....................................... 10
aciériser, - to make steel............................. 6
acoquiner (s') à/avec - to team up with . 6
acquérir, - to acquire, to obtain, to
purchase ............ ....... 24
acquiescer, - to agree, to give assent 7
acquitter, - to acquit................................... 6
acquitter (s') de - to fulfil, to repay .... 6
acter, - to publish officially ......... 6
actionner, - to operate, to actuate, to
sue ....................... 6
activer, - to speed up, to quicken, to
keep busy................................................... 6
activer (s') à - to work away at.................... 6
actualiser, - to update, to actualize .... 6
SÏÏ.-, I »•■>»>............ »
I»-«-•"«■■■ «
adhérer, à - to adhere to, to join (party) 10
adjectiver, - to use as an adjective .... 6
adjoindre, - to associate ........... 58
adjoindre (s’) - to take on .......... 58
adjoindre (s') à - to join up with................. 58
adjuger, - to award, to knock down
(auction) ................... 8
adjuger (s') - to appropriate, to take
possession of ................ 8
adjurer, - to beseech ................................. 6
admettre, - to admit....................................56
administrer, - to administer, to
manage ........................ 6
admirer, - to admire ............. 6
admonester, - to reprimand......................... 6
adonner (s') à, - to take to, to indulge in 6
adopter, - to adopt, to take up (cause) 6
adorer, - to adore, to worship ....... 6
adosser, ) _ . ._ c
adosser (s') \ to lean aga/nst....................... 6
adouber, - to dub (knight)............................ 6
adoucir, - to sweeten, to soften, to
mellow............................................. 19
adoucir (s') -to get milder (weather) ... 19
adresser, - to address ............................... 6
adresser (s') à - to enquire at, to turn to 6
aduler, - to adulate ........... ... 6
adultérer, - to adulterate, to debase ... 10
advenir, - to happen, to occur ....... 23
aérer, - to air, to aerate (water)...................10
aérer (s') - to take tresh air........................ 10
affabuler, - to invent stories......................... 6
affadir, - to make tasteless, to make
insipid................................................19
affadir (s') - to become tasteless, to
become insipid ............................... 19
affaiblir, - to weaken, to reduce............ 19
affaiblir (s') - to become weak, to lose
strength ................................................ 19
affairer (s') - to bustle about ........ 6
affaisser, - to sink, to weigh down .... 6
affaisser (s') - to collapse, to subside . . 6
affaler, - to lower ............... 6
affaler (s') - to drop, to fall, to flop (fam.) 6
affamer, - to starve .............. 6
affecter, - to affect, to feign......................... 6
affecter à - to assign to, to appoint to . . 6
affectionner, - to be fond of ........ 6
afférer, - to relate to ............. 10
affermer, - to lease .............. 6
affermir, - to strengthen,
to consolidate................................... 19
affermir (s') - to become stronger.... 19
afficher, - to put up, to display, to
advertise ................... 6
afficher (s') - to be seen (with), to show
off....................................................... 6
affiler, - to sharpen...................................... 6
affilier, - to affiliate......................................15
affilier (s') - to be affiliated......................... 15
affiner, - to refine, to improve............... 6
affiner (s') - to improve, to ripen
(cheese) .................... 6
affirmer, - to affirm, to maintain............ 6
affirmer (s') - to assert oneself....... 6
affleurer, - to break through
the surface, to show through....... 6
affliger, - to distress, to grieve ....... 8
affliger (s') - to grieve
affliger (s') de - to grieve over..................... 8
afflouer, - to refloat...................................... 6
affluer, - to flow (water), to rush
(blood), to be plentiful......................... 6
affoler, - to throw into a panic...................... 6
affoler (s') - to panic..................................... 6
affour(r)ager, - to supply fodder.............. 8
affranchir, - to stamp (letter),
to emancipate.................................. 19
affranchir (s') de - to break free from . . 19
affréter, - to charter................................... 10
affriander, - to tempt, to allure . .................. 6
affricher, - to leave fallow.......... 6
affrioler, - to entice...................................... 6
affronter, - to face, to confront ...... 6
affronter (s') à - to encounter ....... 6
affruiter, - to bear fruit.................................. 6
affubler, - to rig out...................................... 6
affubler (s') - to rig oneself out................ 6
af filter, - to sharpen, to grind................... 6
africaniser, - to africanisé............................... 6
agacer, - to irritate, to jar, to probe 7
agacer (s') de - to become irritated with 7
agencer, - to arrange, to organize .... 7
agencer (s') - to combine, to harmonize 7
agenouiller, - to bring someone to his
knees ................................................ 6
agenouiller (s') - to knee!............................. 6
agglomérer, - to agglomerate,
agglomérer (s'), - to pile up....................... 10
agglutiner(s') ! to stick together .... 6
aggraver, - to make worse,
to aggravate ................. 6
aggraver (s') - to worsen.............................. 6
agioter, - to speculate.................................. 6
agir, - to act............................................. 19
agir sur : to act upon ............. 19
agir (s') de - to concern, to happen .... 19
agiter, - to stir, to agitate .......... 6
agiter (s') - to be agitated, to fidget ... 6
agneler, - to lamb........................................ 6
agonir, - to revile, to hurl... at.................. 19
agoniser, - to be dying ............ 6
agrafer, - to staple ............... 6
SSS'M I »—...............<»
agréer, - to accept..................................... 13
agréger, - to aggregate............ 14
agrémenter, - to embellish........................... 6
agrémenter (s') - to be decorated with 6
agresser, - to attack .................................... 6
agricher, - to grab ......................................... 6
agriffer, - to daw.............................................. 6
agriffer (s') à, - to dutch at, to ding to 6
agripper, > . c
agripper (s') I ............................................... 6
aguerrir, - to harden.................................. 19
aguerrir (s') - to become inured to .... 19
aguicher, - to excite..................................... 6
aha net, - to labour...................................... 6
ahurir, - to dumbfound, to bewilder ... 19
aider, - to help................................................ 6
aider (s') de - to make use of....................... 6
aigrir, - to embitter ................................... 19
aigrir (s') - to turn sour
aiguiller, - to shunt (train), to direct.... 6
aiguiller (s') vers - to switch to ....... 6
aiguillonner, - to goad, to urge on........... 6
aiguiser, ) ,
aiguiser (s') I to sharpen.............................. 6
ailler, - to flavour with garlic......................• 6
aimanter, )
aimanter (s') I to magnet™..................... 6
aimer, - to love, to like................................. 6
ajo inter, - to join end to end........................ 6
ajourer, - to do openwork............................ 6
ajourner, )
ajourner (s') I to adjourn ............................. 6
ajoutais') ! to add, to add up ... . 6
ajuster, ). «
ajuster (s') I to adjust, to ht..................... 6
alambiquer, - to subtilize .......... 6
alanguir, - to enfeeble............................... 19
alanguir (s') - to flag, to drop..................... 19
alarmer, - to give the alarm......................... 6
alarmer (s') de - to take alarm at............ 6
alcaliniser, - to alkalinize............................. 6
alcaliser, - to make alkaline ......... 6
alcooliser, - to alcoholize, to fortify
(wine)................................................. 6
alcooliser (s') - to drink to excess, to
soak (fam.)......................................... 6
alerter, - to warn.......................................... 6
aléser, - to bore out................................... 10
aleviner, - to spawn..................................... 6
aliéner, ) .
aliéner (s') ) to ahenate' to estrange 10
aligner, - to align, to line up ........................ 6
aligner (s') - to fall into Une......................... 6
alimenter, - to feed, to nourish.................... 6
alimenter (s') - to feed
aliter, - to keep in bed................................. 6
aliter (s') - to be confined to bed............. 6
allaiter, - to nurse, to suckle........................ 6
allécher, - to tempt, to make the mounth
water................................................ 10
alléger, - to lighten ................................... 14
alléger (s') - to grow lighter........................ 14
allégoriser, - to allegorize.............................. 6
alléguer, - to allege, to plead, to cite ... 10
aller, - to go, to be going, to be.................. 22
aller (s'en), - to go away, to depart.... 22
allier, - to ally, to combine......................... 15
allier (s'), - to form an alliance, to blend . 1 5
allonger, - to lengthen................................. 8
allonger (s'), - to stretch out, to He down 8
allouer, - to grant, to allocate....................... 6
allumer, - to light, to switch on................ 6
allumer (s'), - to catch fire, to light up . . 6
a 11 u vion n e r, to deposit allu vium..... 6
alourdir, ) to weigh down, to
alourdir (s'), ) make heavy......................... 19
alphabétiser, - to teach the basic
elements of language ........... 6
altérer, - to distort, to change................... . 10
altérer (s'), - to deteriorate ......... 10
alterner, - to alternate, to rotate.............. 6
aluminer, - to aluminate............................... 6
alunir, - to land on the moon............... . 19
amadouer, - to coax, to wheedle............ 6
amaigrir, - to make thin............................. 19
amaigrir (s'), - to grow thin........................ 19
amalgamer, Ù to combine, to
amalgamer (s') ) amalgamate................. 6
amariner, - to make sea worthy.............. 6
amarrer, > _
tomoor 6
amarrer (s') | ...................................
amasser, \ „
t0 amass to ,le
amasser (s') J ' P “P ■ ■■ 6
ambitionner, - to aspire to, to covet ... 6
ambler, - to amble, to pace ......... 6
ambrer, - to amber.................................... 6
améliorer, - to improve, to better............. 6
améliorer (s'), - to get better....................... 6
aménager, - to organize, to plan............. 8
aménager (s'), - to arrange, to fixup ... 8
amender, - to improve, to amend............ 6
amender (s'), - to amend one's way ... 6
amener, - to bring, to lead........................... 9
amener (s'), - to turn up to come
along (fam.)............................................... 9
amenuiser, - to reduce, to thin................ 6
amenuiser (s'), - to thin down................. 6
américaniser, - to americanize................... 6
amerrir, - to alight.................................. 19
ameublir, - to loosen................................. 19
ameuter, - to assemble, to stir up........... 6
ameuter (s'), - to gather into a mob. ... 6
amidonner, - to starch................................. 6
amincir, - to thin down.............................. 19
amincir (s’), - to Slim down....................... 19
amnistier, - io pardon, to amnisty. ... . 15
amoindrir (s') I t0 reduce’ to dlminlsh 19
amollir, - to soften ............... 19
amollir (s'), - to become soft..................... 19
amonceler, - to accumulate ........ 11
amonceler (s'), - to pile up ....................... 11
amorcer, - to begin, to bait ......... 7
amorcer (s'), - to start moving................. 7
amortir, - to deaden, to pay off (debt) 19
amortir (s'),- to be redeemed.................... 19
amouracher, - to fall for
amouracher (s') de, - to become
enamoured of........................................ 6
amplifier (s') I to enlarge, to exaggerate 15
amputer, - to amputate ........... 6
amuser, - to entertain, to amuse . ... . 6
amuser (s'), - to enjoy oneself................. 6
analgésier, - to kill pain............................. 15
analyser, - to analyse................................. 6
anathématiser, - to curse,
to anathematize.................................... 6
ancrer, - to anchor...................................... 6
ancrer (s'), - to establish oneself' . ... . 6
anéantir, - to annihilate to be
dumbfounded...................................... 19
anéantir (s'), - to vanish............................ 19
anémier, - to weaken ............. 15
anémier (s'), - to become anaemic .... 15
anesthésier, - to anaesthetize.................. 15
angliciser, - to anglicize ............ 6
angoisser, - to distress, to be distressed
(fam.) ..................... 6
angoisser (s'), - to become distressed . . 6
animaliser, - to animalize, to sensualize 6
animer, - to animate, to enliven, to
give life to........................................... 6
animer (s'), - to come to life ........................ 6
aniser, - to flavour with aniseed.............. 6
«&.'> I »««*>.........■■■ ■ •
an ne 1er, - to arrange in ringlets............ 11
annexer \ . c
annexer (s') | to aPPend'to annex ' ' 6
annihiler, - to destroy, to annul............... 6
annoncer, - to announce,
to advertise ................. 7
annoncer (s'), - to proclaim onself, to be
imminent ................... 7
annoter, - to annotate................................. 6
annuler, - to annul, to cancel....................... 6
anoblir, - to ennoble .............. 19
anonner, - to stumble, to blunder through 6
anticiper, - to anticipate, to forestall... 6
antidater, - to antedate ............................... 6
apaiser, - to appease, to pacify............... 6
apaiser (s), - to calm down ......... 6
apercevoir (s') I to perceive, to observe 38
apercevoir (s') de, - to notice, to realize 38
apeurer, - to frighten.................................... 6
apitoyer, - to move, to pity ......... 17
apitoyer (s') sur - to feel pity for ...... 17
aplanir, - to smooth, to plane..................... 19
aplanir (s'), - to become smoother, to
grow easier.................. 19
aplatir, - to flatten .............. 19
aplatir (s'), - to become flat, to He down
flat.................................................... 19
a postasier, - to apostatize........................ 15
aposter, - to station..................................... 6
apostiller, - to add....................................... 6
apostropher, - to apostrophize, to
upbraid............................................... 6
appairer, - to pair up ................................... 6
apparaître, - to appear, to seem..............64
appareiller, - to equip, to get under
way....................... 6
apparenter à, - to connect to....................... 6
apparenter (s'), - to be related to . ... . 6
apparier, - to pairoff................................... 15
apparoir- to appear = H appert............... D
appartenir, à, - to belong (to), to
concern.............................................23
appartenir (s'), - to be one's own master 23
appâter, - to pure, to force-feed.............. 6
appauvrir, - to impoverish.......................... 19
appauvrir (s'), - to grow poor..................... 19
appeler, - to call......................................... 11
appeler (s'), - to be called (name)...........11
append re, - to suspend............ 53
appesantir, - to weigh down ........ 19
appesantir (s'), - to insist (on).................... 19
appéter, - to crave for................................ 10
applaudir, - to applaud ........... 19
applaudir (s'), de - to congratulate
oneself on ....................................... 19
appliquer, - to apply..................................... 6
appliquer (s'), à - to work hard at, to
apply oneself to ............... 6
appointer, - to put on the pay-role .... 6
appointir, - to point.................................... 19
apponter, - to land on deck......................... 6
apporter, - to bring, to cause ....... 6
apposer, - to affix, to append.................. 6
apprécier, - to appreciate, to appraise 1 5
appréhender, - to arrest, to dread........... 6
apprendre, - to learn, to teach, to
hear of.............................................. 54
apprêter, - to prepare . ........................... 6
apprêter (s'), - to get ready.......................... 6
apprivoiser, - to tame.................................. 6
approcher i to approach, to
approcher (s') de ) come near .... 6
approfondir, - to deepen............................ 19
approfondir (s'), - to grow deeper. . ... 19
approprier, - to appropriate....................... 15
approprier (s'), - to take for oneself. ... 15
approuver, - to approve of, to agree to 6
approvisionner, - to supply with.............. 6
approvisionnier (s'), - to take in supplies 6
appuyer, - to press, to support................... 17
appuyer (s'), - to lean on, to rely on ... 17
apurer, - to audit, to check.......................... 6
arabiser, - to make arabic . . . .................... 6
araser, - to level do wn................................ 6
arbitrer, - to arbitrate................................... 6
arborer, - to show, to present...................... 6
ar bo riser, - to plant trees .......... 6
arc-bouter, - to buttress............................... 6
arc-bouter (s'),- to take a firm stand. . . 6
archaiser, - to archaize................................ 6
architecturer, - to construct with an
architect's care................................... 6
archiver, - to record, to file.......................... 6
ardoiser, - to slate (roof).............................. 6
arg enter, - to silver.............. 6
argotiser, - to speak slang........................... 6
arguer, large], T - to assert.......................... 6
arguer, [argye], de - toinfer......................... ;6
argumenter, - to argue................................. 6
armer, ) e
I to arm, to fit out....... 6
armer (s ) )
armorier, - to emblazon............................. 15
arnaquer, - to swindle.................................. 6
aromatiser, to aromatize
to flavour with herbs ... 6
arpéger, - to play in arpeggios ....... 14
arpenter, - to survey
to pace up and down ... 6
arquer, ) ., , ~
ic>’x ( to bend....................... 6
arquer (s ) )
arracher, > .. . . . c
arracher (s') ! to pu" up
' to ,ear out 6
confisquer, - to confiscate........................... 6
confluer, - to meet, to join............................ 6
confondre, - to mistake, to confuse 53
confondre (se), - to merge, to blend ... 53
conformer, - to shape ................................. 6
conformer (se), - to conform........ 6
conforter, - to strengthen............................. 6
confronter, - to confront, to compare . . 6
congédier, - to dismiss.............................. 15
J ......................»
congestionner, - to congest......................... 6
congestionner (se), - to become
congested........................................... 6
conglomérer (se) ! to conglomerate . . 10
dénazifier, - to denazify............................. 15
déneiger, - to remove snow ........ 8
dé nerver, - to remove nerves..................... 6
déniaiser, - to initiate................................... 6
déniaiser (se), - to lose one's innocence 6
dénicher, - to ferret out, to fly away
(birds)................................................. 6
dé nickel er, - to remove nickel-plating . . 6
dénicotiniser, - to ex tract nicotine .... 6
dénier, - to deny, to disclaim..................... 15
dénigrer, - to disparage, to run down . . 6
dénitrer, - to remove nitric acid............... 6
dé nitrifier, - to remove nitrogen ...... 15
déniveler, - to make uneven...................... 11
déniveler (se), - to subside........................ 11
dénombrer, - to enumerate, to count . . 6
dénommer, - to denominate, to name . . 6
dénoncer, - to denounce, to give away 7
dénoter, - to denote, to show, to point 6
dénouer, - to untie, to undo,
to untangle......................................... 6
dénouer (se), - to become untied,
to wind up........................................... 6
dénoyauter, - to stone (fruit)...................‘. 6
dénoyer, - to dry (out), to pump (out) . . 17
denteler, - to notch, to jag......................... 11
dénucléariser, - to free from nuclear
effect.................................................. 6
dénuder, ) c
dénuder (se) I tostr'P...................................... 6
dénuer, - to deprive..................................... 6
dénuer (se) de, - to deprive oneself of . . 6
dépailler, - to strip rush seat
(chair)................................................ 6
dépanner, - to repair, to give
a hand (fam.), to help (fam.).......... 6
dépaqueter, - to unpack............................ 11
dépareiller, - to spoil, to break
(pair, collection)................................. 6
déparer, - to mar......................................... 6
déparier, -to remove one (o f a pair) ... 15
départager, - to decide between............. 8
départir, - to assign, to deal out..............25
départir (se), de - to abandon, to depart
from..................................................25
dépasser, - to pass, to go beyond,
to overtake......................................... 6
dépasser (se),- to excel oneself............. 6
dépassionner, - to remove passion
from.................................................. 6
dépaver, - to un pave.......................... 6
dépayser, - to remove from usual
surroundings.............................. 6
dépayser (se), - to change scenery .... 6
dépecer, - to cutup, to tear up .... c/ç 7
e/è 9
dépêcher, - to despatch, to send........... 6
dépêcher (se), - to hurry ........... 6
dépeigner, - to ruffle hair..................... 6
dépeindre, - to depict, to picture,
to make out............................... 57
dépelotonner, - to unwind.................... 6
dépendre, - to take down.................... 53
dépendre de, - to depend, to hang on . . 53
dépenser, - to spend (money),
to expend........................................... 6
dépenser (se), - to exert oneself............. 6
dépérir, - to waste away............................ 19
dépersonnaliser, - to depersonalize ... 6
dépêtrer(se) i to extricate............................ 6
dépeupler (se) ! to depopulate............... 6
déphaser, - to put out of touch ................... 6
déphosphorer, - to dephosphorate .... 6
dépiauter, - to skin ..................................... 6
dépiler, - to depilate.................................... 6
dépingler, - to unpin.................................... 6
dépiquer, - to unstitch................................. 6
dépister, - to outwit, to track........................ 6
dépiter (se) de, - to be vexed about, to
be annoyed at.................................... 6
déplacer, - to move, to displace.............. 7
déplacer (se), - to move about,
to travel.............................................. 7
déplafonner, - to lift a restriction............. 6
déplaire, - to displease...............................63
déplaire (se) - to be displeased.............. 63
déplanter, - to displant................................. 6
déplâtrer, - to strip off plaster.................. 6
déplier, - to unfold, to open out............... 15
déplier (se), - to come unfolded.............. 15
déplisser, ) . ,. o
déplisser (se) I founp/eaf.................................... 6
déplomber, - to unseal................................ 6
déplorer, - to deplore ............. 6
déployer, - to open out,
to spread out, to display................... 17
déployer (se), - to spread out, to unfurl 17
déplumer, - to pluck..................................... 6
déplumer (se), - to moult............................. 6
dépoétiser, - to deprive of poetic
quality................................................ 6
dépolariser, - to depolarize.......................... 6
dépolir(se) ( to tarnish............................... 19
dépolitiser, - to depoliticize.......................... 6
dépolymériser, - to depolymerize............ 6
déporter, ) ., _
t0 de ort to move aslde 6
déporter (se) ! P '
déposer, - to put down, to deposit
¡money), to set down, to depose ... 6
déposer (se), - to settle .............................. 6
déposséder de, - to dispossess,
to deprive of..................................... 10
déposséder (se), de, - togiveaway ... 10
dépoter, - to unpot....................................... 6
dépoudrer, - to remove powder.............. 6
dépouiller, - to scrutinize, to peruse,
to strip................................................ 6
dépouiller (se), - to shed, to divest .... 6
X:« i ............................."
dépoussiérer, - to remove dust............... 10
dépraver, - to deprave................................. 6
déprécier, - to belittle, to disparage ... 15
déprécier (se), - to depreciate................... 15
déprendre de - to lose one's
fondness for..................................... 54
déprimer, - to depress, to lower.............. 6
déprimer (se), - to become depressed . 6
dépriser, - to undervalue............................. 6
déprolétariser, - to deproletarianise ... 6
dépropaniser, - to remove propane . ... 6
dépuceler, - to deflower............................ 11
dépulper, - to reduce to pulp....................... 6
dépurer, - to purify ...................................... 6
députer, - to delegate ................................. 6
déquiller, -to bow! over................................ 6
déraciner, - to uproot................................... 6
dérager, - to stop being angry................. 8
déraidir, ) , . ,
déraidir (se) J to make supple................ 19
dérailler, - to go off the rails......................... 6
déraisonner, - to talk nonsense.............. 6
déranger, - to disturb................................... 8
déranger (se), - to trouble oneself,
to become deranged.......................... 8
dé ra per, - to skid....................................... 6
dératiser, - to get rid of rats......................... 6
dérayer, - to unscotch....................... 16
dérégler, - to disturb, to upset................. 10
dérégler (se), - to become unsettled,
to go wrong...................................... 10
dérider, ) . , . o
dérider (se) I tobnghtenup .......................... 6
dériver, de, - to divert, to derive ...... 6
dérober, - to steal, to conceal...................... 6
dérober (se) à - to shy away from.......... 6
dérocher, - to fall from rock......................... 6
déroger, - to depart from............................. 8
dérouiller, - to remove rust, to brush up,
to catch (fam.) ................................... 6
dérouiller (se), - to polish up ...... . . 6
dérouler, - to unwind, to unreel............... 6
dérouler (se), - to take place, to happen 6
dérouter, - to divert, to lead astray . . . . 6
dérouter (se), - to go astray,
to be confused................................... 6
désabonner, ) to give up
désabonner (se) > a subscription,.... 6
désabuser, - to disillusion........................... 6
d é sa b use r ( se ), - to lose one's illusions . 6
désacclimater, - to disacdimatize .... 6
désaccorder, - to put out of tune............ 6
désaccorder (se), - to go out of tune ... 6
désaccoupler, - to unpair............................ 6
désaccoutumer, to lose the habit (of) 6
désaccoutumer (se) de, - to become
unused to, to disaccustom from .... 6
désacraliser, - to remove from
a pedestal................... 6
désactiver, - to deacti va te......................... 6
désadapter, - to unadapt . .......................... 6
désaffecter, - to put to another purpose 6
désaffectionner, - to lose affection, ... 6
désaffectionner (se) de, - to grow cold
towards.............................................. 6
désaffilier, - to break affiliation (from) 1 5
désagencer, - to disorganize ........ 7
désagréger, j to disintegrate, to
désagréger (se) J break (up)... .... 14
désaimanter, - to demagnetize .................. 6
désajuster, - to unadjust.............................. 6
désaliéner, - to unalienate......................... 10
désaltérer, ù ... ..
désaltérer (se) I to quench thrst .... 10
désamarrer, - to unmoor............................. 6
désamidonner, - to unstarch....................... 6
désamorcer, i . -,
désamorcer (se) | tounpnme.................... 7
désannexer, - to disannex........................... 6
désappointer, - to disappoint....................... 6
désapprendre, - to forget how to............ 54
désapprouver, - to disapprove ....... 6
désapprovisionner, - to remove stock . . 6
désarçonner, - to unseat, to stagger ... 6
désargenter, - to rub off silver................ 6
désarmer, - to disarm ............. 6
désarticuler, r .. . + c
fo
désarticuler (se)! locate, to d/s/omt 6
désassembler, - to dismantle........ 6
dé sa ssi mi I er, - to disassimila te ............ 6
désassortir, - to break up.......................... 19
désavantager, - to handicap, to harm . . 8
désaveugler, - to disabuse.......................... 6
désavouer, - to disown............ 6
désaxer, - to unbalance . . . ....................... 6
desceller, ) to break the seal off, to
desceller (se) > loosen................................ 6
descendre, - to go down, to come
down, to land, to kill (fam.)............ 53
descendre de, - to descend from............ 53
déséchouer, - to refloat............................... 6
désembourber, - to extricate from mud 6
désembourgeoiser, - to become less
bourgeois........................................... 6
désembouteiller, - to unblock...................... 6
désembuer, - to demist............................... 6
désemparer, - to quit, to disable............. 6
désempeser, - to unstarch.......................... 9
désemplir, ) , 1Q
désemplir (se) ! foempf>'................................. 19
désemprisonner, - to release
from prison......................................... 6
désencadrer, - to remove from frame . . 6
désencarter, - to remove inset................ 6
désenchaîner, - to unfetter.......................... 6
désenchanter, - to disenchant..................... 6
désenchanter (se), - to lose one's
illusions.............................................. 6
désenclaver, - to remove enclosures... 6
désencombrer, - to dear out........................ 6
désencrasser, - to dean out........................ 6
désénerver, - to calm down . . . ................. 6
désenfiler, - to unthread.............................. 6
désenflammer, - to reduce
inflammation................. 6
désenfler, - to become less swollen,
to deflate ................... 6
désenfumer, - to remove smoke ................ 6
désengager, - to disengage........................ 8
désengorger, - to unblock.......... 8
désenivrer, - to sober up............................ 6
dé sen lacer, - to unlace ............ 7
désenlaidir, - to make less ugly.............. 19
désennuyer^ - to relieve boredom.......... 17
désennuyer (se), - to while away
the time............................................ 17
dé sen rayer, - to release a mechanism . . 16
désenrhumer, - to relieve a cold............. 6
désensabler, - to dredge sand ........ 6
désensibiliser, - to insensibilize.............. 6
désensorceler, - to free from a spell ... 11
désentoiler, - to remove doth.................. 6
désentortiller, - to disentangle................ 6
dé sent raver, - to unshackle....................... 6
désenvaser, - to dredge mud...................... 6
désenvelopper, - to unwrap ....................... 6
désenvenimer, - to cleanse
(from poison), to calm........... 6
désenverguer, - to remove sail............... 6
désépaissir, - to thin down........................ 19
déséquilibrer, - to unbalance....................... 6
déséquiper, - to remove equipment ... 6
déserter, - to desert.............. 6
désespérer, - to drive, to despair............ 10
désespérer de, - to despair of................... 10
désespérer (se) - to despair...................... 10
désétablir, - to disestablish....................... 19
désétamer, - to remove tin-plating .... 6
déshabiller, ) ^ , _
déshabiller (se) I foundress.................... 6
déshabituer, ) ^ . o
déshabituer (se) I to break a habn ... 6
désherber, - to weed................................... 6
dé s hé rite r, - to disinherit......................... 6
déshonorer, ) to disgrace, to
déshonorer (se) ) dishonour........................ 6
déshuiler, - to remove oil............................ 6
déshumaniser, ) c
déshumaniser (se) I to ^humanize... 6
déshumidifier, - to dehumidify................. 15
déshydrater, - to dehydrate......................... 6
déshydrogéner, - to dehydrogenate ... 10
désigner, - to point out, to fix,
to nominate........................................ 6
désillusionner, - to disillusion...................... 6
désincarner (se), - to become
disembodied ................. 6
désincorporer, - to disincorporate .... 6
désincruster, - to descale............................ 6
désinculper, - to withdraw a charge ... 6
désinfecter, - to disinfect............................. 6
d é si n se cti se r, - to kill insects ........ 6
désintégrer, - to split up.............................. 6
désintégrer (se), - to disintegrate............ 10
désintéresser, - to pay off........................... 6
désintéresser (se), de - to lose interest
in ........................ 6
désintoxiquer, ) ,A c
io
désintoxiquer (se) i detoxicate .... 6
désinvestir, - to cease to invest.............. 19
dési nviter, - to cancel an invitation .... 6
désirer, - to want, to wish for,
to desire............................................. 6
désister (se), - to desist, to stand down 6
désister (se), de, - to withdraw ...... 6
désobéir, à - to disobey ........... 19
désobliger, - to offend ............ 8
désobstruer, - to unblock............................ 6
désoccuper, - to unoccupy.......................... 6
désodoriser, - to deodorize......................... 6
désoler, - to distress ................................... 6
désoler (se) de, - to be aggrieved at ... 6
désolidariser (se) de, - to dissociate
oneself from....................................... 6
désopiler (se), - to roar (with laughter) 6
désordonner, - to throw into disorder . . 6
désorganiser, - to disorganize................ 6
désorienter, - to disorientate,
to bewilder......................................... 6
désosser, - to bone..................................... 6
désoxyder, - to deoxidize............................ 6
désoxigêner, - to deoxygenate............... 10
desquamer, - to peel, to scale..................... 6
dessabler, - to remove sand....................... 6
dessaisir, - to dispossess......................... 19
dessaisir (se) de, - to relinquish, to give
up..................................................... 19
dessaler, - to remove salt............................ 6
dessangler, - to ungirth (horse).............. 6
dessaouler, - to sober up............................ 6
dessécher, - to dry up .............................. 10
desseller, - to unsaddle .............................. 6
desserrer, - to loosen.................................. 6
dessertir, - to unset................................... 19
desservir, - to serve, to clear (table),
to go against.....................................35
dessiller, - to undeceive.............................. 6
dessiner, - to draw, to show........................ 6
dessiner (se), - to be outlined..................... 6
dessouder, - to unsolder ........... 6
dessoûler, ) * . c
dessoûler (se) ) to sober up........................ 6
destaliniser, - to destalinize ......... 6
destiner à, - to intend for............................. 6
destiner (se) à, - to take up......................... 6
destituer, - to discharge.............................. 6
déstructurer, - to disorganise ..................... 6
désulfiter, - to remove sulphite............... 6
désunir, - to divide............... 19
désunir (se), - to divide,
to come asunder.............................. 19
désynchroniser, - to desynchronize ... 6
détacher, - to detach, to unfasten,
to undo............................................... 6
détacher (se), - to come undone,
to break loose.................................... 6
détacher (se) de, - to break from . ... . 6
détailler, - to divide up, to retail,
to enumerate ................ 6
détaler, - to decamp ................................... 6
détapisser, - to remove tapestry............. 6
détartrer, - to descale ................................. 6
détaxer, - to take off tax.............................. 6
détecter, - to detect.................................... 6
déteindre, - to fade, to lose colour .... 57
dételer, - to unharness ............ 11
détendre, - to slacken............................... 53
détendre (se), - to relax, to expand .... 53
détenir, - to hold.........................................23
déterger, - to cleanse.................................. 8
détériorer, - to damage, to spoil.............. 6
détériorer (se), - to deteriorate,
to worsen........................................... 6
déterminer,
déterminer (se)
( to determine,
to establish,
to decide............
déterrer, - to unearth................................... 6
détester, - to hate ....................................... 6
détirer'(se) I to stretch Uinen) .................... 6
détisser, - to unweave ............ 6
dé titre r, - to remo ve title........................... 6
détoner, - to detonate.................................. 6
détonneler, - to take from barrel...... 11
détonner, - to be out of tune, to Jar . ... 6
détordre, - to untwist..................................53
dé tortiller, - to disentangle......................... 6
détourner, - to divert, to hijack
(aircraft)............................................. 6
détourner (se) de, - to turn away from . . 6
détransposer, - to detranspose............... 6
détraquer, - to put out of order.................... 6
détraquer (se), - to break down.............. 6
détremper, - to soak ............. 6
détresser, - to unbraid................................. 6
détricoter, - to undo knitting......................... 6
détromper, - to disabuse,
to undeceive...................................... 6
détromper (se), - to be disillusionned .. 6
détrôner, - to dethrone................................ 6
détrousser, - to rob, to rifle.......................... 6
détruire, j to destroy, to wreck, to
détruire (se) ) ruin..................................... 82
dévaler, -torushdown .................................. 6
dévaliser, - to burgle................................... 6
dévaloriser, - to depreciate............. . . . • 6
dévaloriser (se), - to faiiin value.............. 6
S:'(se)j-“........................................................ 6
devancer, - to precede............................... 7
dévaser, - to dredge.................................... 6
dévaster, - to devastate.............................. 6
i to develop, to extend 6
M
développer (se) )
devenir, - to become, to grow (into).
to turn (into)..................................... 23
d é ve nte r, - to spill sail............................. 6
8SS&wl«—•.............. 6
déverguer, - to unbend sail......................... 6
dé vernir, - to remove varnish................... 19
déverrouiller, - to unbolt.............................. 6
déverser (se) ) t0 P°ur’t0 flow 0u1 ' ' ' 6
dévêtir(se) I foundress................................ 26
dévider, I . •j K
dévider (se) I tounwmd............................... 6
dévier, - to deviate .............. 15
deviner, - to guess....................................... 6
deviner (se), - to appear, to be obvious 6
dévirer, - to turn round................................ 6
dé viriliser, - to emasculate......................... 6
dévisager, - to stare (at) ........... 8
deviser, de - to converse .......... 6
dévisser, ) . «
,-~ [ to unscrew........................... o
dévisser (se) )
dévitaliser, - to devitalize, to kill a nerve 6
dévoiler (se) ) to unveil, to unmask. . . 6
devoir, - to owe, to have to.........................42
devoir (se), to have to, must ........ 42
dévolter, - to reduce voltage....................... 6
dévorer, ) to devour, to consume,
dévorer (se) ) to eat up............................... 6
dévouer, - to sacrifice.................................. 6
dévouer (se), to sacrifice oneself,
to devote oneself......................... . 6
dévoyer, - to lead astray........................... 17
dévoyer (se), - to go astray....................... 17
dévriller, - to untangle................................. 6
diagnostiquer, - to diagnose............. . 6
dialoguer, - to converse.............................. 6
dialyser, - to dialyze ............. . 6
diamantee, - to decorate with
diamonds ................... 6
diaphragmer, - to put a diaphragm on . . 6
diaprer, - to mottle ...................................... 6
dieter, - to dictate, to lay down................ 6
d¡éser, - to raise a semi tone.................... 10
diffamer, - to slander................................... 6
différencier, - to differentiate .................... 15
différencier (se), de, - to become
differentiated from............................ 15
différer, - to differ....................................... 10
difformer, - to deform...................................... 6
diffracter, - to diffract................................... 6
diffuser, - to diffuse, to spread,
to broadcast ................. 6
diffuser (se), - to diffuse, to spread.... 6
J ......................’»
dilacérer, - to put into pieces ........ 10
dilapider, - to dilapidate............................... 6
dilater, - to expand, to dilate........................ 6
dilater (se), - to distend............................... 6
¡ to dilute, to thin down ... 6
diluer (se) )
diminuer, - to diminish,
diminuer (se), - to reduce............................ 6
dindonner, - to dupe.................................... 6
dîner, - to dine............................................. 6
diphtonguer, - to diphthong ........................ 6
dire, - to say (to), to tell..............................78
dire (se), - to say to oneself, to daim... 78
diriger, - to direct, to control,
to steer, to aim................................... 8
diriger (se), vers, to make for,
to head for, to find one's wa y........ 8
discerner, - to discern ................................ 6
discipliner, - to discipline............................. 6
discontinuer, - to discontinue...................... 6
disconvenir de, - to gainsa y ........ 23
discorder, - to dash..................................... 6
discourir, - to discourse..............................33
d¡seréditer, - to discredit............................. 6
discriminer, - to discriminate....................... 6
i to exonerate (from) . . 6
disculper (se) I
discutailler, - to quibble................................ 6
discuter, j to discuss, to confer
discuter (se) I with, to debate about . 6
disgracier, - to disgrace............................ 15
disjoindre, - to take apart.......................... 58
disjoindre (se) - to come apart................ 58
disjoncter, - to break circuit ........................ 6
disloquer, j dislocate, to dismantle 6
disloquer (se) >
disparaître, - to disappear..........................64
dispenser, - to dispense, to exempt
(from)................................................. 6
dispenser (se), de - to avoid, to get
out of.................................................. 6
disperser, j scatter, to disperse 6
disperser (se) )
disposer, - to dispose, to set out............. 6
d i spose r de, - to ha ve a t one's disp osai . 6
disposer (se) à, - to prepare to............... 6
disproportionner, - to make
disproportionate................................. 6
disputailler, - to argue pointlessly........... 6
disputer, - to fight (for), to dispute ... 6
disputer (se), - to fight (over), to contest 6
disqualifier, - to disqualify......................... 15
disqualifier (se), - to be disqualified. ... 15
disséminer, > , „
disséminer (se) ) foscaf,er................................. 6
disséquer, - to dissect ............ 10
disserter, - to hold forth............................... 6
dissimuler, > . _... c
dissimuler (se) I to conceal' ,o hlde ' ' 6
dissiper, - to dissipate, to disperse ... 6
dissiper (se), - to drift away, to become
unruly................................................. 6
dissocier, - to dissociate ........... 15
dissoner, - to be dissonant.......................... 6
dissoudre, - to dissolve .............................72
dissoudre (se), - to dissolve, to disband 72
dissuader, - to dissuade.............................. 6
distancer, - to outdistance........................... 7
distancier, - to distance............................. 15
distendre'(se) I to distend, to stretch . 53
distiller, - to distil........................................ 6
distinguer, - to distinguish, to set
apart, to single out............................. 6
distinguer (se), - to distinguish oneself . 6
distordre, - to twist..................................... 53
distraire, - to entertain, to divert..............61
distraire (se), - to enjoy oneself..............61
distribuer, - to distribute....................... 6
divaguer, - to ramble....................... 6
diverger, - to diverge.................... 8
diversifier, - to diversify...................... 15
divertir, - to amuse, to divert..................... 19
divertir (se), - to enjoy oneself................ 19
diviniser, - to deify....................................... 6
diviser, - to divide, to share out,
to set against..................................... 6
diviser (se), - to split up............................... 6
divorcer, - to divorce................................... 7
divulguer'(se) ! to divul9e'to disclose ■ 6
documenter, - to document......................... 6
documenter (se), sur, - to gather
information on.................................... 6
dodeliner, - to nod (head)............................ 6
dogmatiser, - to dogmatize......................... 6
doigter, - to finger....................................... 6
domestiquer, to domesticate, to tame 6
dominer, - to dominate, to surpass ... 6
dominer (se), - to control oneself............ 6
dompter, - to tame....................................... 6
donner, - to give, to grant,
to yield, to look out (on) .................... 6
donner (se) à, - to yield, to devote
oneself to .......................................... 6
doper'(se) i tod°Pe.......................................... 6
dorer, - to gild.............................................. 6
dorer (se), - to get brown............................ 6
dorloter, i to pamper,
dorloter (se) I to mollycoddle.................. 6
dormir, - to sleep, to be dormant............32
doser, - to measure out a dose............... 6
doter, - to provide with a doury............... 6
doter (se) de, - to endow............................. 6
doubler, - to double, to repeat,
to understudy (actor), to overtake
(car), to dub (film) ............................. 6
doubler (se), de - to be coupled with ... 6
doucher, - to shower................................... 6
doucher (se), - to take a shower................ 6
doucir, - to polish a metal .......... 19
douer de, p.p. (compound forms),
to endow with D6
douter, (de), - to doubt................................ 6
douter (se), de, - to suspect........................ 6
dragéifier, - to coat with sugar.................... 15
draguer, - to dredge, to search
for a partner (fam ) ............. 6
drainer, - to drain ....................................... 6
dramatiser, - to dramatize........................... 6
draper, - to drape ............... 6
draper (se), dans, - to drape in.................. 6
dresser, - to draw up, to put up,
to erect, to break in (animal).............. 6
dresser (se), - to stand upright................... 6
dribbler, - to dribble..................................... 6
driller, - to drill............................................. 6
driver, - to drive (golf) ................................. 6
droguer, - to drug........................................ 6
droguer (se), - to take drugs....................... 6
drosser, - to drive, to drift (ship)................. 6
dulcifier, - to sweeten................................ 15
duper(se) I to dupe, to deceive.................. 6
duplexer, - to establish a two-way link 6
dupliquer, - to duplicate.............................. 6
durcir, ) , , ,„
durcir (se) ! to harden............................... 19
durer, - to last.............................................. 6
duveter'(se) I to become downy .... 11
dynamiser, - to give spirit to, to make
dynamic...................................................... 6
dynamiter, - to dynamite............................. 6
ébahir, - to flabbergast, to astound.... 19
ébahir (s'), de, - to gape, to wonder at . 19
ébarber - to trim.......................................... 6
ébattre (s'), - to frolic................................. 55
ébaubir (s'), - to gawp (at) ........................ 19
ébaucher, - to sketch out............................ 6
ébaucher (s'), - to take shape.................... 6
ébaudir (s') de, - to rejoice at.................... 19
éberluer, - to flabbergast............................. 6
éblouir, - to dazzle................................... 19
éborgner, - to poke out an eye,
to blind..................................................... 6
ébouer, - to dean out.................................. 6
ébouillanter, ). .. . ,, G
ébouillanter (s') I to scald, to blanch 6
ébouler (s') ! to crumble, to collapse . 6
¿bourgeonner, - to remove buds.............. 6
ébouriffer, - to ruffle..................................... 6
ébourrer, - to remove stuffing................... 6
ébouter, - to cutoff....................................... 6
é braiser, - to rake out embers................. 6
ébrancher, - to prune ................................. 6
ébranler, - to shake, to rattle..................... 6
ébranler (s'), - to move off (vehicle) ... 6
ébraser, - to splay....................................... 6
ébrécher, ) ..
ébrécher (s') I toch'P..................................... 10
ébrouer (s'), - to snort.................................. 6
ébruiter'(s') ! to disclose, to divulge. . 6
écacher, - to crush...................................... 6
écailler, - to scale (fish) .............................. 6
écailler (s'), - to flake off, to peel off . . . 6
écaler, ) „ c
toshe
écaler (s’) ! "............................................ 6
écarquiller, - to open wide .......................... 6
écarteler, - to quarter................................ 12
écarter, - to move apart,
to set aside, to ward off...................... 6
écarter (s'), de - to stay away from,
to keep away from............................. 6
échafauder, - to erect scaffolding,
to build up, to compile........................ 6
échampir, - to pick out, to set off.............. 19
échancrer, - to indent, to scallop.............. 6
échanger, - to exchange, to swap .... 8
échantillonner, - to sample.......................... 6
échapper, à, - to escape from,
to elude, to slip from.......................... 6
échapper (s'), de, - to break away from 6
échardonner, - to dear of thistles,
to pick................................................ 6
écharner, - to flesh .............. 6
écharper, - to tear to pieces ....................... 6
échauder, - to scald.................................... 6
échauffer, - to make hot, to excite .... 6
échauffer (s'), - to warm up ........................ 6
échauler, - to whitewash............................. 6
échelonner, ) ~
échelonner (s') ) fospaceoi/f............................ 6
éch en il I e r, - to dear of caterpillars .... 6
écheveler, - to dishivel.............................. 11
échiner, - to break the back of.................. 6
échiner (s'), to work oneself into
the ground........................................ 6
échoir, à, - to fall to, to fall due.................52
échopper, - to gouge................................... 6
échouer, - to fail, to go aground (boat) . 6
échouer (s'), - to run aground................... 6
éclabousser, - to splash, to spatter.... 6
éclaîrcîr's') I to lighten, to dear up. . 19
éclairer, - to light up..................................... 6
éclairer (s'), - to be Ht, to be brighter ... 6
éclater, - to explode, to burst.................... 6
éclater (s') (fam.), - to have a ball. ... . 6
éclipser, - to eclipse.................................... 6
éclipser (s'), to slip away............................. 6
éclisser, - to put in splints............................ 6
écloper, - to lame........................................ 6
éclore, - to hatch, to blossom,
to open out........................................70
é cl user, - to knock back (drink)
to go through a lock........................... 6
écœurer, - to make sick, to disgust. ... 6
éconduire, - to dismiss...............................82
economiser, - to save up, to husband . . 6
écoper, de - to bale out, to cop it (fam.) . 6
écorcer, - topeel................ 7
écorcher, - to flay, to graze, to grate ... 6
écorer, - to keep tally-sheets...................... 6
écorner, - to chip the corner (of),
to curtail............................................. 6
écornif 1er, - to scrounge............................ 6
écosser, - to shell........................................ 6
écoter, - to stem.......................................... 6
écouler, - to flow out, to sell........................ 6
écouler (s'), - to ooze, to seep, to run
(time) ................................................ 6
écourter, - to shorten.................................. 6
écouter, - to listen to................................... 6
écouter (s'), - to coddle oneself.............. 6
écouvillonner, - to mop out......................... 6
écrabouiller, - to squash............................. 6
écraser, - to crush, to run over (car) ... 6
écraser (s'), - to collapse, to crumble,
to keep quiet (fam.) . ........................ 6
écrémer, - to skim milk.............................. 10
écrêter, - to decrest..................................... 6
écrier (s'), - to exclaim, to cry out .... 15
écrirais') I to write fà/to)............................. 80
écrîvailler, - to scribble................................ 6
écrivasser, - to scribble............................... 6
écrouer, - to imprison, to commit to ... 6
écrouir, - to hammer harden..................... 19
écrouler (s'), - to collapse, to fall down,
to flop................................................. 6
écroûter, - to remove crust.......................... 6
éculer, - to wear the heel of shoes .... 6
ecu me r, - to skim, to scum, to froth ... 6
écurer, - to scour......................................... 6
écussonner, - to decorate with shield
or badge............................................ 6
éczémater (s'), - to eczematize............... 6
édenter, - to break teeth............................. 6
édenter (s'), - to lose one's teeth............ 6
édicter, - to decree...................................... 6
édifier, - to build, to enlighten.................. 15
éditer, - to publish, to edit.................... 6
édulcorer, - to sweeten, to water down 6
éduquer, - to educate................................. 6
éfaufiler, - to unthread................................. 6
effacer, - to efface, to erase,
to outshine......................................... 7
effacer (s'), - to wear away, to fade,
to stand aside.................................... 7
effarer, - to frighten .............. 6
effarer (s'), de, - to take fright at............. 6
effaroucher, - to frighten away................ 6
effaroucher (s') de, - to be startled at . . 6
effectuer, - to carry out................................ 6
effectuer (s'), - to accomplish.................. 6
efféminer, - to render effeminate............ 6
efféminer (s'), - to become effeminate . 6
effeuiller, - to thin out {leaves} ....... 6
effeuiller (s'), - to shed (leaves, petals} . 6
effigier, - to make an effigy........................ 15
effiler, - to taper, to sharpen,
to streamline...................................... 6
effiler (s'), - to fray out................................. 6
effilocher, )_, c
effilocher (s') J tofraV...................................... 6
efflanquer, » . „
efflanquer (s') I .............. 9 10 11 12 13 14
effleurer, - to touch lightly, to brush ... 6
effluver, - to discharge ....... ..... 6
effondrer, - to plough up.............................. 6
effondrer (s'), - to cave in, to fall through 6
efforcer (s'), - to try hard, to do one's
best............................................................. 7
effranger, - to fringe..................................... 8
effranger (s'), - to fray.................................. 8
effrayer, - to scare, to frighten................. 16
effrayer (s'), de, - to be frightened by . . 16
effriter, >x c
effriter (s') I to crumble away.................. 6
égailler (s'), - to scatter................................ 6
égaler, - to equal......................................... 6
égaliser, - to level, to even (out)............. 6
égaliser (s'), - to become level................ 6
égarer, - to mislead, to mislay................. 6
égarer (s'), - to get lost, to go astray ... 6
égayer, - to enliven, to cheer up ...... 16
égayer (s'), - to make merry......................,16
égorgeHs') j to slit the throat (of) ... 8
égosiller (s'), - to shout oneself hoarse 6
égoutter (s') ) to drain, to drip................. 6
égrainer, - to shell....................................... 6
égrainer (s') - to drop away......................... 6
égrapper, - to pick off (grapes)............... 6
élimer, )
élimer(s') I f° wear th'n....................................... 6
éliminer, - to eliminate................................. 6
élinguer, - to sling....................................... 6
élire, - to elect............................................11
éloigner, - to move away, to take
away...................... 6
éloigner (s'), - to go away, to withdraw 6
é Io ng er, - to lay out.................................. 8
9 to scratch........................ 6
10égratigner (s ) )
égrener, i to shell, to shed, to pass
égrener (s') J (hour) ................................... 9
11égriser, - to grind................ 6
12égruger, - to crush.................................. 8
éjaculer, - to ejaculate................................. 6
13éjecter, - to eject..................................... 6
éjointer, - to dip (wings)............................... 6
14élaborer, ) . c
élaborer (s') ! to work out, to develop 6
élaguer, - to prune............... 6
élancer, - to thrust....................................... 1
élancer (s'), - to hurloneself, to soar ... 7
élargir, - to widen, to release . .................. 19
é la rgir ( s' ) - to widen out....................... 19
électrifier, - to electrify............................... 15
électriser, - to thrill, to inspire.................. 6
é lectrocuter, - to electrocute....................... 6
électrolyser, - to electrolyze........................ 6
élever, - to bring up (child),
to rear (animal),
to elevate, to raise............................. 9
é lever (s'), - to rise, to go up...................... 9
élider, - to elide......................................... 6
élucider, - to elucidate, to dear............... 6
élucider (s'), - to become dearer............. 6
élucubrer, - to expatiate.............................. 6
éluder, - to elude, to dodge ......... 6
émacier (s'), - to waste away.................. 15
émailler, de - to enamel with, to spangle
with ................................................... 6
émanciper, - to emancipate ....................... 6
émanciper (s'), - to become emancipated 6
émaner de, - to emanate from.................... 6
é marger, - to dra w out (salary) ................. 8
émasculer, - to emasculate......................... 6
emballer, - to wrap up................................. 6
emballer (s'), - to bolt (horse),
to be carried away ............. 6
e m ba 11 otte r, - to bale............................ 6
embarbouiller, ) * * .. c
embarbouiller (s') J to trouble the mtnd 6
embarder, )_ „
embarder (s') J to swerve .......................... 6
embarquer, - to embark, to board,
embarquer (s'), - toplunge into................ 6
embarrasser, - to embarrass,
to encumber, to hamper,
to inconvenience......................................... 6
embarrasser (s') de, - to burden oneself
with ...................... 6
embarrer, ) c
embarrer(s') \ to lever.................................. 6
embastiller, - to imprison .......... 6
embastionner, - to fortify with bastions 6
embêter,- to saddle a pack animal .... 6
embaucher, > * . ■ , * c
embaucher (s') I to hue (staff)................. 6
embaumer, - to enbalm, to be fragrant 6
embecquer, - to force- feed, to cram ... 6
embéguiner (s'), de, - to become
infatuated with................................... 6
embellir, - to embellish,
embellir (s'), - to smarten up..................... 19
emberlificoter, - to bamboozle..................... 6
emberlificoter (s') de, - to get caught up
in........................................................ 6
embêter, - to bother, to worry,
topester ............................................. 6
embêter (s') (fam.), - to be bored,
to be fed up (with).............................. 6
emblaver, - to sow....................................... 6
embobiner, - to hoodwink............................ 6
emboire (s'), - to smear..............................69
emboîter, ) , c
emboîter (s') I to fit together.................... 6
emboquer, - to cram (fowl).......................... 6
embosser, ) c
embosser (s') j to moor fore and aft. . 6
embotteler, - to truss (hay)........................ 11
emboucher, - to raise to one's Ups,
to trumpet.......................................... 6
embouer, - to bespatter............................... 6
embourber, \ ,c
embourber (s') I f0 9et stuck ln the mud 6
embourgeoiser, > to become
embourgeoiser (s') J middle-class ... 6
embourrer, ) . „ „ o
tostuff
embourrer (s') J ..................................... 6
embouteiller, - to jam, to bottle................... 6
emboutir, - to press................................... 19
emboutir (s'), - to crash into...................... 19
embrancher, ) ^ • • o
embrancher (s') J to join up.......................
embraser, - to set ablaze, to kindle .... 6
embraser (s'), - to blaze up, to flame up 6
embrasser, ) ,. . -
embrasser (s') \ to k/ss, to embrace . 6
embrayer, - to put into gear....................... 16
embreler, - to fash down........................... 12
embrever, - to assemble (wood) ................ 9
embrigader, - to recruit............................... 6
embrigader (s'), - to enrol (in) .................... 6
embringuer, - to involve.............................. 6
embrocher, - to put on a spit....................... 6
embrouiller, - to tangle, to snarl up .... 6
embrouiller (s'), - to become muddled. . 6
embroussailler, - to tousle........................... 6
embrumer, - to cover with mist,
to darken............................................ 6
embrumer (s'), to cloud over....................... 6
embrumr, > . , , 1n
embrunir(s') J to darken............................. 19
embuer, ) _ „
embuer (s') I to rmstover............................. 6
e m busquer, - to place in ambush............. 6
embusquer (s'), - to take cover,
to shirk duty....................................... 6
émécher, - to divide into swands............... 10
émécher (s'), - to be high (on drink) ... 10
émerger, - to emerge.................................. 8
émerillonner, - to brighten up ..................... 6
émeriser, - to coat with emery ....... 6
é mervei 11er, - to fill with wonder............. 6
émerveiller (s'), de, - to marvel at,
to be amazed at............... 6
émettre, - to emit, to put forward,
to transmit .................. 56
émietter (s') | to crumble, to break up 6
émigrer, - to emigrate.................................. 6
émincer, - to slice thinly . . . . . ... . . . 7
emmagasiner, - to store up......................... 6
emmaillotter, - to swaddle, to wrap up 6
emma ncher,r to fix a handle on................. 6
emmancher (s'), - to get going (fam.) .. 6
emmêler, - to tangle, to mix up.................. 6
emmêler (s'),-to getinto a muddle ... 6
emménager, - to move in............................ 8
emmener, - to take away, to lead
away.................................................. 9
emmerder, - to give a pain
in the neck (fam.)............................... 6
emmerder (s'), - to be bored stiff (fam.) 6
emmieller, - to aggravate............................ 6
emmitoufler, - to muffle up.......................... 6
emmouscailler, - to annoy .......................... 6
emmurer, - to immure ............ 6
émonder, - to trim........................................ 6
émotionner, - to agitate, to upset............ 6
émotionner (s'), de, - to become
emotionalabout ................................. 6
é moucheter, - to break off point...... 12
émoudre, - to grind, to sharpen..................74
émousser, - to blunt.................................... 6
émousser (s'), - to become blunt . ... . 6
émousti11er, - to rouse............................... 6
émouvoir, - to move, to affect,
to disturb ................... 44
émouvoir (s') de, - to be moved by,
to get upset about............................ 44
empailler, - to stuff...................................... 6
empaler, ) . c
empaler (s') I 'empale 6
empalmer, - to palm ................................... 6
empanacher, - to decorate with plumes 6
fem pa pi I lot er, - to put (hair) in curlers... 6
empaqueter, - topack, to wrap (up) ... 11
emparer (s'), de, - to seize, to grab,
to take possession of......................... 6
emparquer, - to fold (sheep)....................... 6
empâter, - to paste (over), to coat .... 6
empâter (s'), to thicken out.......................... 6
empatter, - to support.................................. 6
empaumer, - to catch, to get the better
(of) (fam.)........................................... 6
empêcher, de, - to prevent from............. 6
empêcher (s'), - to stop (from), to refrain
(from) ..................... 6
empeigner, - to warp (loom)........................ 6
empenner, - to feather, to fit
empennage........................................ 6
emperler, - to decorate with pearls .... 6
empeser, - to starch, to give stiffness
(to) ....................... 9
empester, - to stink, to reek........................ 6
empêtrer(s') J to get tangled up .... 6
empiéger, - to trap....................................... 8
empierrer, - to metal (road)......................... 6
empiéter, sur, - to encroach on............... 10
empiffrer, > to stuff one’s face
empiffrer (s') J (with)................................... 6
empiler(s') I to pile up, to stack up .. 6
empirer, - to deteriorate, to grow
worse................................................. 6
emplâtrer, - to piaster, to burden (with) 6
empHr'ls') de \ to fill up with................. 19
employer, - to make use of, to use,
to employ.................... ................. 17
employer (s'), à, - to devote oneself to 17
emplumer, - to feather................................. 6
empocher, - to pocket ............ 6
empoigner, - to grasp.................................. 6
empoigner (s') (fam.), - to have a set to 6
empoisonner, - to poison, to drive
someone up the wall.....................
empoisonner (s'), to poison oneself . . .
emporter, - to take away, to carry
along.......................................................
emporter (I'), sur, - to gain the upper
hand of ....................
emporter (s'), - to lose one's temper . . .
empoter, - to pot................
empourprer, - to turn crimson .......
empourprer (s'), - to flush . .........
empoussiérer, - to cover with dust ....
empoussiérer (s'), - to get dusty.............
empreindre, - to imprint, to stamp ....
empreindre (s') de, - to be imprinted with
empresser (s'), - to bustle about,
to hasten........................................
emprisonner, - to imprison......................
emprunter, - to borrow, to derive,
to assume......................................
empuantir, - to stink out.........................
émulsifier, - to emulsify...........................
émulsionner, - to emulsion.....................
enamourer (s'), de, - to become
enamoured of................................
encabaner, (fam.) - to put in prison . . . .
encadrer, - to frame, to supervise ....
encager, - to cage...................................
encaisser, - to collect (money},
to take (blow), to stand (fam.)........
encanailler, - to become vulgar..............
encanailler (s'), - to get into low habits .
encapuchonner, ) , ,
encapuchonner (s') ) Tonooa.......................
encarter, - to insert.................................
encaserner, - to quarter in barracks . . .
encasteler, ) ,. .. .
encasteler (s') I t0 be ,ame lhorse) "
encastrer, - to embed.............................
encastrer (s'), - to be embedded.............
encaustiquer, - to polish.........................
encaver, - to cellar..................................
enceindre, - to gird..................................
encelluler, - to put in a cell......................
encenser, - to incense, to flatter.............
encercler, - to encircle............................
enchaîner, - to chain up, to enslave,
to bind............................................
enchaîner (s'), - to follow on, to be linked
enchanter, - to enchant, to bewitch,
to delight........................................
enchanter (s'), de, - to rejoice at.............
enchaperonner, - to hood a falcon ....
enchanter, - to hinge...............................
enchâsser, - to enshrine, to set,
to mount........................................
enchatonner, - to set (a stone)................
enchausser, - to earth up........................
enchemiser, - to put a dust-cover...........
enchérir, - to raise, to outbid,
to surpass......................................
enchevêtrer, - to tangle...........................
enchevêtrer (s'),- to get into a tangle . .
enchif rener, - to sniffle...........................
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
10
10
57
57
6
6
6
19
15
6
6
6
6
8
6
6
6
6
6
6
12
6
6
6
6
57
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
19
6
6
9
encirer, - to wax.......................................... 6
enclaver, - to enclose.................................. 6
enclencher, j to engage,
enclencher (s') * to set in motion. ... 6
encliqueter, - to cog ................................. 11
encloîtrer, - to doister.................................. 6
enclore, - to fence in................................. 70
enclouer, - to prick...................................... 6
encocher, - to notch, to insert................. 6
encoder, - to code (in)................................. 6
encoff rer, - to lock up ................................ 6
encoller, - to paste ..................................... 6
encombrer, - to clutter up, to congest 6
encombrer (s'), de, - to burden oneself
with ................................................... 6
encorder, ) „
encorder (s') J to'°Peup...................... 6
encorner, - to gore............................. 6
encourager, - to encourage, to foster 8
encourir, - to incur.............................33
encrasser, ) ,. _. o
encrasser (s') J to foui up, to dog up . 6
encré per, - to trim with crape................. 6
encrer, - to ink............................................. 6
encroûter, - to encrust................................. 6
encroûter (s'), - to get into a rut,
to stagnate .................. 6
encuver, - to put in a vat.............................. 6
endauber, - to stew (meat).......................... 6
end enter, - to join (with teeth)................ 6
endetter, i.„,_ .
endetter (s') ! to get into debt.................. 6
endeuiller, - to plunge into grief.............. 6
endeuiller (s'), - to go into mourning ... 6
endêver, - inf - to enrage ........................... D
end ¡abler, - to infuriate............................... 6
endiguer, - to dam, to hold back............. 6
endimancher, Ù to put on one's
endimancher (s') J Sunday best .... 6
endivisionner, - to form into a division 6
endoctriner, - to indoctrinate....................... 6
endolorir, - to make ache.......................... 19
endolorir (s'), - to become painful........... 19
endommager, - to damage, to injure ... 8
endormir, - to send to sleep, to lull to
sleep, to deaden, to dull, to bore stiff
(fam.)................................................32
endormir (s'), - to go to sleep, to slack off 32
endosser, - to put on, to shoulder,
to endorse.......................................... 6
enduire, - to coat........................................82
endurcir, - to toughen................................ 19
endurcir (s'), - to become hardened ... 19
endurer, - to endure, to bear....................... 6
énerver, - to irritate, to enervate.............. 6
énerver (s'), - to get excited, to get
worked up.......................................... 6
enfalter, - to roof.......................................... 6
enfanter, - to give birth to, to bring
forth.................................................... 6
enfariner, - to flour....................................... 6
enfermer, j to shut up, to impri-
enfermer (s') ) son, to lock up................. 6
enferrer, - to mislead ................................. 6
enferrer (s’), - to tie oneself up in a knot 6
enfieller, - to embitter.................................. 6
enfiévrer, - to give fever, to rouse .... 10
enfiévrer (s'), - to get excited..................... 10
enfiler, - to thread, to pull on....................... 6
enfiler (s'), dans, - to disappear into ... 6
enflammer, | to ignite, to inflame,
enflammer (s') ) to blaze.............................. 6
enfler
enfle/ (s' ) ) toswe^f to cause to swe^ ®
enfoncer, - to drive in, to push in................ 1
enfoncer ¡s'), - to plunge, to sink into,
to penetrate ................. 7
enforcir, - to reinforce ............ 19
enfouir, - to bury, to conceal ........ 19
enfouir (s'), - to retire................................. 19
enfourcher, - to mount................................ 6
enfourner, - to put in the oven..................... 6
e nf re i nd re, - to infringe ........................ 57
enfuir (s'), - to flee, to make
a getaway.........................................36
enfumer'(s') I to fill with smoke .... 6
enfutail 1er, - to putin a cask....................... 6
engager, - to engage, to take on,
to bind, to commit, to start, to set
in motion............................................ 8
engager (s'), - to undertake, to commit
oneself (to), to enlist (in).................... 8
engainer, - to sheathe................................. 6
engaver, - to feed ............... 6
engazonner, - to turf over............................ 6
engendrer, - to beget, to engender .... 6
engerber, - to sheaf, to pile up............... 6
englober, - to include.................................. 6
engloutir, - to swallow, to gulp,
to gobble up..................................... 19
engloutir (s'), - to be engulfed................... 19
engluer, - to lime, to ensnare...................... 6
engommer, - to gum ............. 6
engoncer, - to bundle up (in clothes) ... 7
engorger, - to choke, to dog........................ 8
engorger (s'), - to become dogged .... 8
engouer (s'), de, - to become
infatuated with.................................... 6
engouffrer, - to engulf, to swallow
up..................................................
engouffrer (s'), - to rush, to surge (into)
engouler, - to gobble..............................
engourdir, - to dull, to numb...................
engourdir (s’), - to grow numb................
engraisser, - to fatten, to cram,
to fertilize (land)............ ...
engraisser (s'), - to put on weight,
to thrive (on)..............................
engueuler (se) faire (fam.), - to be told
6
6
6
19
19
6
6
8
6
9
6
11
6
6
engranger, - to garner, to put by . . .
engraver, - to engrave..........................
engrener, - to gear, to start ........
engrosser, - to make a woman
pregnant .....................................
engrumeler, rf/
engrumeler (s )
engueuler, - tobawiout..........................
engueuler (s') (fam.),-to row.................
off....................................................... 6
enguirlander, - to garland,
to scold ¡fam.).................................... 6
enhardir, - to embolden............................. 19
enhardir (s'), - to pluck up courage .... 19
enharnacher, - to harness........................... 6
e nherber, - to plant with grass.................... 6
enivrer, - to intoxicate.................................. 6
enivrer (s'), de, - togetdrunkon.................... 6
enjamber, - to straddle over, to span... 6
enjaveler, - to gather (corn) in swathes 11
enjoindre, - to enjoin, to prescribe .... 58
enjôler, - to wheedle, to coax...................... 6
enjoliver'(s') I to embellish........................... 6
enjouer, - to give a pleasant tone................ 6
enjuguer, - to yoke (oxen)........................... 6
enjuiver, - to make Je wish.......................... 6
enjuponner, - to put into petticoats,
to flounce........................................... 6
enkikiner (fam.), - to irritate ........................ 6
enkyster (s'), - to become encysted ... 6
ènlacer, i to entwine, to hug,
enlacer (s') J to clasp.................................. 7
enlaidir'(s') ! f0 make to disfigure 19
enlever, - to remove, to take away,
to take off (clothes).
to deprive (of), to kidnap.................... 9
enlever (s'), - to come off, to sell out... 9
enliasser, - to bundle................................... 6
entier, - to bond......................................... 15
enligner, - to set in line ............ 6
en Iiser, - to sink, to engulf.......................... 6
enliser (s'), - to get bogged down................ 6
enluminer, - to illuminate, to colour up 6
enneiger, - to block with snow..................... 8
ennoblir, - io ennoble, to elevate................. 19
ennuager, > . , o
i rt I to c oud over............................... 8
ennuager (s ) )
ennuyer, - to bore, to annoy,
to weary, to worry............................ 17
ennuyer (s'), - to be bored (with)................. 17
ennuyer (s'), de, - to miss.......................... 17
énoncer, - io state, to articulate................... 7
énoncer (s'), - to express .......... 7
enorgueillir, - to make proud..................... 19
enorgueillir (s'), de, - to pride
oneself on ....................................... 19
enquérir, ) to enquire about. . 24
enquérir (s ), de )
enquêter, - to investigate............................. 6
enquiquiner (fam.), - to aggravate .... 6
enquiquiner (s') (fam.), - to be fed up .. 6
enraciner, - to dig in .............. 6
enraciner (s'), - to take root......................... 6
enrager, - to be in a rage............................. 8
enrager (faire), - to tease............................ 8
enrail 1er, - to put on rails........................... 6
enrayer
' „ 1 to jam.......................................... 16
7
enrayer (s') )
enrégimenter, - to enlist, to apply
army-discipline ............... 6
enregistrer, - to record, to register,
to score.............................................. 6
enrêner, - to put reins on ............................ 6
enrhumer, - to give a cold........................... 6
enrhumer (s'), - to catch a cold.............. 6
enrichir, - to enrich .............. 19
enrichir (s'), - to make money,
to grow rich...................................... 19
enrober, - to coat......................................... 6
enrôler, i . .. c
enrôler (s') I to enro1-to recru,t.......................... 6
enrouer, - to make hoarse................... 6
enrouer (s'), - to go hoarse.......................... 6
enrouiller (s'), - to get rusty......................... 6
enrouler, - to roll up..................................... 6
enrouler (s'), - to windup, to coil up ... 6
enrubanner, - to trim with ribbon............ 6
ensabler, ) to sand up, to silt up,
ensabler (s') I to run aground (ship) .. 6
ensaboter, - to put in dogs.......................... 6
ensacher, - to bag....................................... 6
ensanglanter, - to stain with blood .... 6
enseigner, - to teach, to show up ... . 6
ensemencer, - to sow.................................. 7
enserrer, - to encompass, to squeeze . . 6
ensevelir, ) to bury, to entomb,
ensevelir (s') ) to shroud............................ 19
ensiler, - to ensilage.................................... 6
ensoleiller, - to give sunshire (to),
to brighten up..................................... 6
ensoleiller (s'), - to light up.......................... 6
ensorceler, - to bewitch............................. 11
ensoufrer, - to sulphurate............................ 6
ensoutaner, - to frock...................‘.............. 6
enstérer, - to heap up by the cubic
metre............................................... 10
s'ensuivre, - to ensue, to follow..............D 75
= inf. + p.p.
+ 3rd person in all tenses
cela s'est ensuivi,
cela s'en est ensuivi,
cela s'en est suivi
entacher, - to blemish................................. 6
entailler, ) _ _ c
entailler (s') ! to eM, to groove............... 6
entamer, - to cut into, to begin, to open 6
entartrer, - to scale .............. 6
entasser )
entasser' (s') ! to emulate, to pile up 6
entendre, - to intend, to mean,
to hear, to understand...................... 53
entendre (s'), - to agree (with),
to understand (one another).........53
entend re ( s’ ), à, - to be skilled in ........... 53
enté né brer, - to plunge into shadow ... 10
enténébrer (s'), - to become dark.............. 10
enter, - to graft............................................ 6
entériner, - to ratify...................................... 6
enterrer, - to bury, to inter...................... 6
enterrer (s'), - to dig oneself in............... 6
entêter, - to go to the head (of) ...... 6
entêter (s'), - to be stubborn . ..................... 6
entêter (s') à, - to persist in......................... 6
enthousiasmer, - to enthuse....................... 6
enthousiasmer (s'), de/pour, - to go into
raptures over..................................... 6
enticher (s'), de, - to become
infatuated with................................... 6
entoiler, - to mount, to cover
(with fabric)........................................ 6
entôler (fam.), - to con, to fleece............ 6
entonner, - to intone, to break into
(song)................................................ 6
entortiller, - to wind, to twist,
to wheedle......................................... 6
entortiller (s'), - to get entangled (in) ... 6
entourer, ) ,,, . c
entourer (s') ! to surround, to fence m 6
entraccorder (s'), to agree with one
another .................... 6
entraccuser (s'), - to accuse one
another .................... 6
entradmirer (s'), - to admire one
another.............................................. 6
entraider (s'), - to help one another. ... 6
entr'aimer (s'), - to like one another ... 6
entraîner, - to drag, to carry off,
to seduce, to involve, to entail,
to coach............................................. 6
entraîner (s'), à, - to train for....................... 6
entr'apercevoir, - to catch glimpse (of) . 38
entraver, - to hinder.................................... 6
entrebâiller, - to half-open........................... 6
entre battre (s'), - to fight one another 55
entrechoquer (s'), - to collide, to dink
together............................................. 6
entrecouper, \ to interrupt,
entrecouper (s') ! to intersect.......... 6
entrecroiser, ) to intersect,
entrecroiser (s') ! to criss-cross .... 6
entre-déchirer (s'), - to tear one
another to pieces............................... 6
entre-détruire (s'), - to destroy one
another .................... 82
entre-dévorer (s'), - to tear one another
to pieces ................... 6
entr'égorger (s'), - to cut one another's
throats................................................ 8
entre-frapper (s'), - to hit one another . . 6
entre-hair (s'), - to hatebne another ... 20
entre-heurter (s'), - to bang into one
another.............................................. 6
entrelacer, j to interlace,
entrelacer (s') ) to intertwine....................... 1
entrelarder, - to lard, to streak
(with fat)............................................. 6
entre-louer (s'), - to praise one another 6
entre-manger (s'), - to eat one another 8
e ntre m ê I e r, - to in termingle.................. 6
entremêler (s'), à, - to interfere in........... 6
entremettre (s'), - to mediate,
to interpose...................................... 56
entre-nuire (s’), - to injure one another 82
entreposer, - to store.................................. 6
entreprendre, - to undertake,
to contract (for)................................ 54
entrer, - to enter, to go in/into...................... 6
entrer dans, - to be a part of....................... 6
entre-regarder (s'), - to look at one
another.............................................. 6
entretenir, - to maintain, to support,
to speak to........................................23
entretenir (s'), de, - to converse about . 23
entretenir (s'), avec, - to converse with . 23
entretenir (s'), - to keep fit, to be self-
supporting.........................................23
entre-tuer (s'), - to kill one another .... 6
entrevoir, ) * ,• on
/«.n I to glimpse................... 39
entrevoir (s ) ) a
entrobliger (s'), - to oblige one another 8
entrouvrir, - to half-open ............................27
entrouvrir (s'), to gape...............................-27
énucléer, - to enucleate............................ 13
énumérer, - to enumerate......................... 10
envahir, - to invade.................................... 19
envaser, \ * .. . .. c
I to silt up, to choke up . . 6
M
envaser (s ) )
envelopper, | to wrap up,
envelopper (s') ) to envelop.................... 6
envenimer, - to poison................................ 6
envenimer (s'), - to go septic, to fester . 6
enverguer, - to bend (sail)........................... 6
envider, - to spool....................................... 6
envier, - to envy, to wish for ....... . 15
envieillir, ) . ., ._
envieillir (s') ! ............. 19
environner, ) , _
t~>\ (to surround.................. 6
environner (s ) )
envisager, - to face, to consider............. 8
envoiler (s'), - to curve (metal).................... 6
envoler (s'), - to fly away, to take wing 6
envoûter, - to bewitch.................................. 6
envoyer, - to send, to despatch............... 18
épaiIler, - to pick (woo!)............................... 6
épaissir, - to thicken, to deepen.............. 19
épaissir (s'), - to grow fat........................... 19
épancher, - to pour out................................ 6
épancher (s') • to give vent to (fee-
lings) ....... ................. 6
épandre, ) to pour forth, to scatter
épandre (s') ! to spread.......... 53
épanouir, j to open out, to blossom,
épanouir (s') j to bloom............................. 19
épargner, j to save (up),
épargner (s') ) to economize....................... 6
éparpiller, i .. _
éparpiller (s') ! to scatter, to disperse . 6
épater, - to amaze ............... 6
épater (s'), de (fam.), - to be amazed at. 6
épauler, - to support, to take aim
(gun) ...................... 6
épauler (s'), - to help each other............. 6
tos e 11
épeler (s') | P ".........................................
épépiner, - to remove pips.......................... 6
éperdre (s'), - to distract, to make
distraught................... 53
éperonner, - to spur.................................... 6
épeurer, - to frighten................................... 6
épicer, - to spice.......................................... 7
épier, - to spy (on)..................................... 15
épierrer, - to remo ve stones....................... 6
épiler, - to remove hair................................ 6
épiloguer sur, - to hold forth on,
to carp at............................................ 6
épiner, - to protect (with thorn)................... 6
épingler, - to pin, to pin up,
to catch (fam.) ............... 6
épisser, - to tie two ropes together .... 6
éployer, ) _
éployer (s') I tospreatout........................... 17
éplucher, - topeel........................................ 6
épointer, - to blunt...................................... 6
éponger (s' ) !t0 sponge lupl- to mop lupl 8
épouiller, - to delouse.................................. 6
époumoner, | to shout (oneself)
époumoner (s') ) hoarse.............................. 6
épouser, - to marry, to wed, to fit ... . 6
épousseter, - to dust................................. 11
époustoufler (fam.), - to flabbergast ... 6
épouvanter, - to terrify, to appal................. 6
épouvanter (s'), - to bepanic-striken .. 6
épouvanter (s'), de, - to be terrified
with ...................... 6
ép re ¡nd re, - to squeeze out.....................57
éprendre (s'), de, - to fall in love with .. 54
éprouver, ) to feel, to experience,
éprouver (s') ) to test..................... 6
épucer, - to get rid of fleas ......................... 7
épuiser, - to exhaust.................................... 6
épuiser (s'), - to become exhausted,
to run out .......................................... 6
épurer, - to purify......................................... 6
équarrir, - to square, to quarter.................. 19
équerrer, - to square................................... 6
équilibrer, ).,. c
équilibrer (s') J fo balance............................ 6
équiper, )
équiper (s') ! to equip, to fit out................... 6
équivaloir, à - to be equivalent to,
to amount to..................................... 47
équivoquer, - to quibble .............................. 6
érafler, - to graze, to scratch ........ 6
érail 1er (s'), - to make hoarse,
to scratch........................................... 6
éreinter, - to break the back of,
to criticize .................. 6
éreinter (s'), - to exhaust oneself................ 6
ergoter, - to split hair................................... 6
ériger, en, j to establish, to raise,
ériger (s'), en ) tosetupas............................ 8
éroder, ) . , e
éroder (s') ! toerode........................................... 6
érotiser, - to make erotic ............................ 6
errer, - to ramble, to err............................... 6
éructer, - to belch, to eruct.......................... 6
esbaudir (s'), - to divert oneself.................. 19
esbigner (s') (fam.), - to skedaddle .... 6
esbroufer, - to bluff . ............. 6
escalader, - to climb.................................... 6
escamoter, - to conjure away, to skip . . 6
escarmoucher, - to skirmish........................ 6
escarrif ier, - to form a scab...................... 15
esclaffer (s'), - to guffaw, to shake
(with laughter) ................................... 6
escompter, - to anticipate, to discount 6
escorter, - to escort..................................... 6
escrimer, - to fence .................................... 6
escrimer (s'), à, - to struggle a way at .. 6
escroquer, - to swindle................................ 6
espacer, i
espacer (s') I fospsceouf..................................... 7
espagnoliser, - to make Spanish........... 6
espérer, - to hope (for) ......................... . 10
espionner, - to spy....................................... 6
esquinter (fam.), - to mess up............... 6
esquinter (s'), - to knock oneself out... 6
to sketch to out,ine 6
esquisser(s') I ' ''
esquiver, - to dodge, to avoid...................... 6
esquiver (s’), - to slip away.......................... 6
essaimer, - to swarm................................... 6
essarter, - to dear (land).............................. 6
essayer, - to try (to) ............. 16
essayer (s'), à, - to try one's hand to . . . 16
essorer(s') ! to wr,ng'to man9le • ■ ■ ■ 6
ssEwi»«—«..............•
marauder, - to pilfer.............. 6
marbrer, - to mottle.............................. 6
marchander, - to bargain, to haggle
(over) ................................................. 6
marcher, - to walk, to work.......................... 6
marcher (faire), - to run, to make fun of
(fam.) ................................................. 6
marcotter, - to layer..................................... 6
marger, - to edge ........................................ 8
marginaliser, - to givè little importance
(to) ....................... 6
marginaliser (se), - to opt out of society. 6
m a rg i ner, - to make no tes in margin ... 6
marier, - to marry, to wed.......................... 15
marier (se), à/avec, - to get marriedto. . 15
mariner, - to marinate.................................. 6
marivauder, - to banter, to flirt..................... 6
marmiter, - to shell...................................... 6
marmonner, - to mumble............................. 6
marmoriser, - to turn to marble .................. 6
marmotter, - to mutter................................. 6
marner, - to marl, to work hard (fam.) . . 6
maronner, - to grumble ............................... 6
maroquiner, - to give leather
a morocco-finish, to too! (leather) ... 6
marquer, - to mark, to note,
to score....................................... . 6
marquer (se), - to mark............................... 6
marqueter, - to inlay ............. 11
marrer (se) (fam.) - to have a good
laugh.................................................. 6
marronner, - to live in hiding,
to wait (fam.)...................................... 6
marteler, - to hammer................................ 12
martiner, - to hammer.................................. 6
martyriser, - to make a marty of.............. 6
marxiser, - to make Marxist......................... 6
masculiniser, - to make masculine,
to turn mannish.................................. 6
masquer, - to hide....................................... 6
massacrer, - to massacre............................ 6
masser, > ,. c
to assemble, tomassage . 6
massicoter,- to guillotine (paper!............. 6
mastiquer, - to chew, to cement.............. 6
masturber, i . . . o
masturber (se) I to masturbate................ 6
matcher, - to match..................................... 6
matelasser, \ c
matelasser (se) J topad'to “Pholster ■ ■ 6
mater, - to bring down, to humble,
to stare (fam.)..................................... 6
mâter, - to mast........................................... 6
matérialiser, - to make, to materialize . . 6
m até ri a I i se r ( se ), - to ma terialize... 6
materner, - to mother............. 6
mathématiser, - to deal
mathematically (with) ........................ 6
mâtiner, - to crossbreed.............................. 6
matraquer, - to dub, to bludgeon,
to browbeat ................. 6
matricer, - to stamp out............................... 7
matriculer, - to register................................ 6
maturer, - to ripen........................................ 6
maudire, - to curse..................................... 19
but p.p. : maudit,e
maugréer, - to grouse ............................... 13
maximaliser, - to maximize.......................... 6
maximer, - to fix (prices) ............................. 6
mazouter, - to refuel, to pollute............... 6
mécaniser, - to mechanize.......................... 6
mécher, - to fumigate................................ 10
mécompter (se), - to disappoint...... 6
méconnaître, - to disregard, to ignore . . 64
mécontenter, - to dissatisfy......................... 6
mécroire, - to disbelieve.............................68
médailler, - to award a medal.................. 6
médiatiser, - to mediatize............................ 6
médicamenter, - to administrer
medicine............................................. 6
médire, de - to speak ill of, to slander . . 78
but: (vous) médisez
méditer, - to meditate, to think of............. 6
méduser, - to dumbfound .......... 6
méfaire ( + inf.) - to do harm,
to wrong ................. D62
méfier (se), de, - to mistrust,
to distrust, to be on one's guard
against.............................................. 15
mégoter (fam.) - to quibble (over)........... 6
méjuger, - to misjudge................................. 8
méjuger, de, - to underrate.......................... 8
méjuger (se), - to underestimate oneself 8
mélanger, - to mix, to blend......................... 8
mélanger (se) à, - to mix, to get mixed
with .................................................... 8
mêler, ) to mix, to muddle,
mêler (se) ! to shuffle (cards).................. 6
mêler (se), à, - to mingle with, to join,
to get mixed up in .............................. 6
mêler (se), de, - to meddle in...................... 6
mémoriser, - to memorize........................... 6
menacer, - to threaten.................................. 7
ménager, j to handle carefully,
ménager (se) ) to treat tactfully............... 8
mendier, - to beg........................................ 15
mendigoter, - to beg.................................... 6
mener, - to lead, to conduct......................... 9
mensualiser, - to pay monthly................. 6
mensu rer, - to measure.............................. 6
mentionner, - to mention............................. 6
mentir, à, - to He to, to belie to................ 25
mentir ( se), à soi-même - to fool oneself 2 5
menuiser, - to do woodwork........................ 6
méprendre (se), sur/à - to make a mistake
about, to be mistaken about...........54
mépriser, - to scorn, to disregard .... 6
merceriser, - to mercerize........................... 6
merdoyer (fam.) - to be in a mess........... 17
meringuer, - to coat with meringue.... 6
mériter, de, - to deserve............................... 6
mésallier (se), - to marry below
oneself..................... 15
mésestimer, - to underestimate.............. 6
messeoir, - to be unbecoming................ 50
mesurer, - to measure, to assess,
to limit..................... 6
mesurer (se), à, - to pit against............... 6
mésuser, de, - to misuse..................... 6
métalliser, -to plate.............................. 6
métamorphiser, - to metamorph........... 6
métamorphoser, - to metamorphose... 6
métamorphoser (se), en, - to change
completely into........................... 6
météoriser, - to distend....................... 6
métisser, - to crossbreed (human) .... 6
métrer, - to measure, to survey............... 10
mettre, - to put, to set................................ 56
mettre (se), - to put oneself....................... 56
mettre (se), à, - to begin to,
to set about...................................... 56
meubler, - to furnish (room) ........ 6
meubler (se), - to get some furniture ... 6
meugler, - to moo........................................ 6
meuler, - to grind down................................ 6
meurtrir, - to bruise.................................... 19
mévendre, - to sell at a loss...................... 53
miauler, - to mew......................................... 6
mignarder, - to fondle.................................. 6
mignoter'(se) Ito treat 9entlV' to cudd,e 6
migrer, - to migrate .............. 6
m^er\se)l tosimmer'tohatchip,ot> ’ 6
militariser, - to militarize ............................. 6
militer, - to be militant ................................. 6
millésimer, - to be of vintage........ 6
mimer, - to mime......................................... 6
minauder, - to simper, to smirk............... 6
mincir, - to get thinner................................ 19
miner, - to mine, to wear out (fam.) ... 6
minéraliser, - to mineralize.......................... 6
miniaturer, - to paint in miniature............ 6
miniaturiser, - to make on
a miniature scale............................... 6
minimiser, - to minimize............................... 6
minorer, - to reduce..................................... 6
minuter, - to time ............... 6
mirer, - to mirror.......................................... 6
mirer (se), - to gaze (at), to be reflected . 6
miroiter, - to sparkle.................................... 6
miser, sur, - to stake.................................... 6
miter, - to be moth-eaten .......... 6
miter (se), - to become mo th-eaten ... 6
mitiger, - to mitigate..................................... 8
mitonner, - to simmer, to nurse (plan) . . 6
mitrailler, - to machine-gun ......... 6
mixer, - to mix, to blend............................... 6
mixtionner, - to blend (drug)........................ 6
mobiliser, - to mobilize................................. 6
mobiliser (se), - to become active........... 6
modeler, - to model, to fashion,
to mould.................... 12
modeler (se), sur, - to model oneself on . 1 2
modé liser, - to design................................. 6
modérer, - to moderate, to restrain ... 10
modérer (se), - to calm down
to control oneself.............................. 10
moderniser, ) , o
moderniser (se) I fomodem'ze........................ 6
modifier, > ... _
modifier (se) J to modify, to alter............ 15
moduler, - to modulate................................ 6
moirer, - to mottle........................................ 6
moisir, - to go mouldy ............ 19
moissonner, - to harvest.............................. 6
moitir, - to make clammy........................... 19
molester, - to molest ............. 6
moleter, - to mill ................ 11
molletonner, - to tine (with padding) ... 6
mollir, - to yield.......................................... 19
momifier, - to mummify................... - ■■ ■ 15
momifier (se), - to atrophy, to shrive! up 1 5
monder, - to blanch..................................... 6
mondialiser, - to bring world wide .... 6
monétiser, - to mint, to monetize............ 6
monnayer, - to coin, to convert
into cash ......................................... 16
monologuer, - to talk to oneself.............. 6
monopoliser, - to monopolize.................. 6
monter, - to go up, to climb,
to rise, to get into (car), to board,
to mount (horse), to produce (play) . . 6
monter (faire), - to raise............................... 6
monter (se), à, - to come to,
to amount to ................. 6
montrer, - to show, to display.................. 6
montrer (se), - to appear,
to prove oneself................................. 6
moquer, - to mock .............. 6
moquer (se), de, - to make fun of........... 6
mo r a I i se r, - to moralize.......................... 6
morceler, - to parcel out............................ 11
mordancer, - tomordant............................... 7
mordiller, - to nibble.................................... 6
mordorer, - to bronze................................... 6
môrdre’se) I tobite ion>'topnaw " ' 53
mordre, à, - to take to ................................53
morfaler (fam.h . „ ,, „
morfaler (se) ¡to stuff oneself.................. 6
morfler (fam.) - to get .................................. 6
morfondre (se), - to mope, to fret............ 53
morigéner, - to reprimand.......................... 10
mortaiser, - to slot, to mortise................. 6
mortifier, > .
mortifier (se) ! fomo^...................................... 15
motionner, - to propose a motion,
to put forward..................................... 6
motiver, - to justify, to motivate ................... 6
motiver (se), - to become motivated ... 6
motoriser, - to motorize ........... 6
m otte r ( se ), - to hide behind.................... 6
moucharder, - to sneak (on)........................ 6
moucher, - to snuff, to snub (fam.) .... 6
moucher (se), - to blow one's nose . ... 6
moucheter, - to fleck.................................. 11
moudre, - to mill, to grind........................... 74
mouiller, - to wet, to moisten.
to water down, to anchor (ship) . . . . 6
mouiller (se), - to get wet,
to become implicated (fam.) .............. 6
mouler, - to cast, to mould........................... 6
mouliner, - to put through a mill ...... 6
moulurer, - to decorate with mouldings . 6
mourir, >.
mourir (se) I to die ¡from)....................34
mouronner, ) c
moutonner (se) ! to worrY...............................
mousser, - to froth, to lather........................ 6
mousser (faire), - to whip, topuff................ 6
mousser (se faire), - to boast...................... 6
moutonner, - to foam................................... 6
moutonner (se), - to doudover (sky) . . 6
mouvementer, - to iïven up......................... 6
mouvoir, - to drive......................................44
mouvoir (se), - to move..............................44
moyenner, - to bring about.......................... 6
mucher, - to bide........................................ 6
muer, - to moult........................................... 6
muer (se), en, - to turn into.......................... 6
mugir, - to bellow, to roar.......................... 19
multiplied se) ! to multiply, to increase 15
m u n i ci pa I ise r, - to municipalize.......... 6
munir, de, ) to provide with,
munir (se), de * to equip with.................... 19
munitionner, - to munition............................ 6
murailler, - to wall........................................ 6
murer, ) „ .. , „. c
muter (se)]towalluP'towalhn.............................. 6
mûrir, - to ripen, to mature......................... 19
murmurer, - to murmur, to whisper... 6
musarder, - to waste time.......... 6
muscler, - to develop muscle...................... 6
museler, - to muzzle ............. 11
muser, - to dawdle...................................... 6
musiquer, - to set to music.......................... 6
musquer, - to scent with musk ................... 6
musser, - to hide......................................... 6
muter, - to transfer....................................... 6
mutiler, - to mutilate.................................... 6
mutiner, ) „ c
mutiner (se) I tomutmy................................ 6
mystifier, - to fool, to hoax......................... 15
nacrer, - to give a pearly gloss................... 6
nager, - to swim, to float (on/in).................. 8
naître, - to be born......................................65
naître (faire), - to give rise (to)................... 65
nantir, - to secure ............... 19
nantir (se), de, - to provide oneself
with ................................................. 19
napper, - to coat.......................................... 6
narguer, - to flout......................................... 6
narrer, - to narrate ..................................... 6
nasaliser, - to nasalize................................ 6
nasiller, - to speak with a nasal twang . . 6
nationaliser, - to nationalize........................ 6
natter, - to plait............................................ 6
naturaliser, - to naturalize............................ 6
naufrager, - to shipwreck............................ 8
naviguer, - to sail, to navigate................. 6
navrer, - to grieve, to distress................. 6
nazifier, - to nazify..................................... 15
néantiser, > _
néantiser (se) I to reduce t0 noth,nS ' ’ ’ 6
nécessiter, - to necessitate.......................... 6
nécroser, > _
nécroser (se) 1necrose................................ 6
négliger, -to neglect, to disregard. ... 8
négliger (se), - not to look after oneself . 8
négocier, > . _
négocier (se) J tonegotrate....................... 15
neiger, - to snow.......................................... 8
nervurer, - to rib........................................... 6
nettoyer, - to dean, to dean up ................. 17
neutraliser, ) „ „ .. ~
neutraliser (se) I toneutralrse.................. 6
niaiser, - to play the fool.............................. 6
nicher, ) c
nicher {se} \ to nest, to nestle.................... 6
nickeler, - to nickel-plate .......... 11
nicotiniser, - to add nicotine........................ 6
nidifier, - to nest......................................... 15
nieller, - to blight, to smut............................ 6
nier, - to deny............................................ 15
nigauder, - to play the fool........................... 6
nimber, - to put a halo (on).......................... 6
nipper, > x , . c
. i \ i to deck out........................................... 6
nipper (se) ) 1
nitrater, - to add nitrogen .......... 6
nitrer, - to treat with nitric acid................. 6
nitrifier, - to nitrify...................................... 15
niveler, - to level, to even out ....... 11
noircir, - to blacken ............. 19
noircir (se), - to grow dark, to turn dark . 1 9
nomadiser, - to nomadize............................ 6
nom brer, - to number, to count.............. 6
nominaliser, i ... c
nominaliser(se) | tonomtnalize................ 6
nommer, - to name, to call........................... 6
nommer (se), - to appoint, to be called . 6
n o rd i r, - to veer North ( wind)................ 19
normaliser, ) _ c
normaliser (se) I tonormalae................... 6
noter, - to note down,
to take notice of, to mark ................... 6
notifier, - to notify ............... 15
nouer, - to knot, to tie.................................. 6
nouer (se), - to join,
togathermomentum............................ 6
nourrir, - to feed, to nurse (child) .... 19
nourrir (se), de, - to eat, to live on............. 19
nover, - to renew (obligation) ..................... 6
noyauter (se) i foa,®f/afe................................... 6
noyer, - to flood, to swamp........................ 17
noyer (se), - to drown ............................... 17
nuancer, - to shade, to tone down .... 7
nucléer, - to nucleate ............. 13
"“¡'’(se) I to harm, to injure.................... 82
n u mé roter, - to number............................. 6
obéir, à, - to obey...................................... 19
obérer (s') j to burden (with debtl .... 10
objecter, - to object...................................... 6
objectiver, - to objectify................................ 6
objurguer, - to plea...................................... 6
w.—..0V, — , , “ „..¡J', g
obliger (s'), à > to require to
obliquer sur/vers, - to edge to............... 6
oblitérer, - to obliterate ............................. 10
obnubiler, - to obsess.................................. 6
obombrer, - to darken, to shadow .... 6
obscurcir, - to darken, to obscure .... 19
obscurcir (s'), - to grow dark...................... 19
obséder, - to obsess ................................. 10
observer, - to observe, to watch........... 6
observer (s'), à, to keep a check on. ■ ■ 6
obstiner (s'), à, - to persist in................ 6
obstruer, - to obstruct.................................. 6
obtempérer, à, - to comply with............ 10
obtenir,
obtenir(s') I to gam, to obtain................,23
obturer, - to seal, to stop off ........ 6
obvenir, - to revert..................................... 23
obvier, à - to prevent................................. 15
occasionner, - to cause..........................: 6
occidentaliser, > _ e
occidentaliser (s') | to westernize .... 6
occire - to slay............................................. D
= infinitive and compound tenses
p.p. occis,e
occlure, - to occlude.................................. 71
occulter, - to hide ............... 6
occuper, - to occupy, to take up
(space/time) ................. 6
occuper (s'), - to keep busy......................... 6
occuper (s'), à, - to be engagedin .... 6
occuper (s'), de, - to deal with
to take charge of................................ 6
ocrer, - to ochre........................................... 6
octavier, - topiay on the octave up... . 15
octroyer, - to bestow, to grant.................... 17
octroyer (s'), - to treat oneself (to) .... 17
octupler, - to multiply by eight. ...... 6
œuvrer, - to work (at).................................. 6
offenser, - to offend ............. 6
offenser (s’), de, - to take offence at.. . 6
officialiser, - to make official........................ 6
officier, - to officiate................................... 15
offrir, - to give, to offer, to present ... 27
of f rir (s'), - to treat oneself (to)..................27
offusquer, - to offend................................... 6
offusquer (s'), de, - to be offended by . . 6
oindre, - to anoint...................................... 58
oiseler, - to go bird-catching...................... 11
ombrager, - to shade, to overshadow . . 8
ombrager (s'), de, - to shelter from .... 8
ombrer, - to shade....................................... 6
omettre, - to omit........................................56
ondoyer, - to ripple, to christen............... 17
onduler, - to undulate, to wawe (hair) . . 6
opacifier, - to make opaque....................... 15
opaliser, - to make opal-like........................ 6
opérer, ) to operate, to implement,
opérer (s’) ) to proceed.............................. 10
opiacer, - to opiate....................................... 7
opiner, - to be in favour (of)......................... 6
opiniâtrer (s'), dans, - to persist in .... 6
opposer, - to oppose. ................................. 6
opposer (s'), - to confront each other . . 6
opposer (s') à, - to contrast with,
to rebel against, to be opposed to ... 6
oppresser, - to oppress............................... 6
opprimer, - to oppress................................. 6
opter, - to opt............................................... 6
optimaliser, - to optimize............................. 6
optimiser, - to optimize ............................... 6
oranger, - to make orange........................... 8
orbiter, - to orbit ................ 6
orchestrer, - to orchestrate.......................... 6
ordonnancer, - topass (account)............. 7
ordonner, - to organize, to order............. 6
ordonner (s'), - to sort out............................ 6
organ's') ! to organise, to arrange 6
orientaliser, > _ . ... ~
orientaliser(s')iiomaAreo"en,a/ "" 6
orienter, - to orientate, to position .... 6
orienter (s'), - to find one's bearing .... 6
orner, - to decorate...................................... 6
orthographier, - to spell . .......... 15
osciller, - to oscillate.................................... 6
oser, - to dare.............................................. 6
ossifier, > .. -c
ossifier (s') \ to ossify................................. 15
ostraciser, - to ostracize.............................. 6
ôter (s') } to take away, to remove ... 6
ouater, - to quilt........................................... 6
ouatiner, - to quilt......................................... 6
oublier, - to forget, to neglect..................... 15
oublier de, - to forget to............................ 15
oublier (s'), - to forget oneself................. 15
ouïr, - to hear..............................................37
ourdir, - to hatch.........................................19
ourler, - to hem............................................ 6
outiller, \ c
outiller (s') I to equip, to fit °ut................. 6
outrager, - to offend gravely........................ 8
outrer, - to carry to excess........................... 6
ou vrager, - to work with skill....................... 8
ouvrir, - to open (up) ............. 27
ouvrir (s'), à, - to open one's mind to . . . 27
o valise r, - to make ova!............................. 6
ovationner, - to give an ovation ...... 6
oxyder (s') j fo oxidize.................................. 6
oxygéncr(s') ! to oxygenate....................... 10
ozoniser. - to ozonize.................................. 6
pacager, - to pasture, to graze................ 8
pacifier, - to pacify .............. 15
pactiser, - to compound,
to compromise.................................... 6
pagayer, - to paddle.................................. 16
pageoter (se), - to turn in .......... 6
paginer, - to paginate.................................. 6
paillarder (se) ) to live /ewd,y’ t0 ,augh 6
paillassonner, - to straw (plants}.................. 6
pailler, - to straw. . ...................................... 6
pailleter, - to spangle, to flake ....... 11
paître, - to feed (animals}...........................66
paître, envoyer (fam.) - to send someone
packing.............................................66
pajoter (se), - to turn in ............ 6
palabrer, - topalaver.................................... 6
palanguer, - or palanquer, - to bowse . . 6
palataliser, - to palatalize............................ 6
pâlir, - to grow pale, to gro w dim............ 19
palissader, - to palissade............................ 6
palisser, - to nail up, to train (branches} . 6
pallier, - to palliate..................................... 15
palper, - to feei, to finger,
to receive (money}............................. 6
palpiter, - to flutter, to throb, to thrill. . . 6
pâmer, - to swoon....................................... 6
pâmer (se), de, - to be in rapture over . . 6
panacher !se) j to plume, to variegate . 6
paner, - to coat with crumbs........................ 6
panifier, - to turn into bread....................... 15
paniquer, - to panic..................................... 6
paniquer (se), - to get panicky................ 6
pa nneauter, - to panel................................ 6
panner, - to hammer out.............................. 6
panser, - to groom, to dress (wound} . . 6
panteler, - topant....................................... 11
pantoufler, - to leave the Civil Service
for private business............................ 6
papillonner, - to flit about............................. 6
papoter, - to gossip..................................... 6
parachever, - to complete........................... 9
parachuter, - to parachute........................... 6
parader, - to parade, to show off............. 6
parafer, - to initial, to sign............................ 6
paraffiner, - to paraffin................................ 6
paraître, - to appear, to come out,
to seem, to look.................................64
paraître (faire), - to publish ......... 64
paraître (laisser), - to show.........................64
paralléliser, - to make parallel................. 6
paralyser, - to paralyze, to incapacitate . 6
p a rang on ner, - to be a paragon ...... 6
parapher, - to initial, to sign........................ 6
paraphraser, - to paraphrase...................... 6
parasiter, - to sponge (on},
to bug (radio! ..................................... 6
parcel 1er, - to divide into lots..................... 6
parcelliser, - to divide into lots................ 6
pare hem i ner (se), - to shrive! up.......... 6
parcourir, - to go over,
to cover (distance}, to examine .... 33
pardonner, à ) .
pardonner (se) I to fo&ve, to excuse . 6
parementer, - to facet ¡wall)........................ 6
parer(se) I to Prepare- to adorn......................... 6
parer, à, - to avoid, to ward off................ 6
paresser, - to idle, to loll.............................. 6
parfaire, - to finish off, to complete . D. 62
= present indicative, infinitive
and p.p.
parfiler, - to pick (threads}........................... 6
parfumer, - to scent, to flavour................ 6
parfumer (se), - to wear perfume............ 6
parier, - to bet, to back (a horse} .............. 15
parjurer (se), - to perjure oneself............ 6
parlementer, - to parley............................... 6
parler de, \ to speak about, to talk
parler (se), de ! about, to mention, to
) converse about............. 6
pa rioter, - to chat ............... 6
parodier, - to parody, to travesty............... 15
parquer, - to pen (cattle}, to park (car}. . 6
parqueter, - to parquet............ 11
parrainer, - to sponsor................................. 6
parsemer de, - to strew with,
to sprinkle with ............... 9
partager, ) . , * o
i to share, to divide .... 8
partager (se) )
participer, à, - to participate,
to share in ........................................ 6
participer, de, - to partake of, to specify 6
particulariser, - to particularize ................... 6
particulariser (se), - to be distinguished
by . . -................................................. 6
partir, - to leave, to go off,
to depart, to proceed ........... 25
partir (à), de, - from, starting from .... 25
partir (de), - to start with .......... 25
partir (faire), - to send off, to remove, to
start (engine} ................................... 25
partouser (..zer), - to carouse................. 6
parvenir, à, - to reach ............ 23
passementer, - to trim (garment}................. 6
passepoiler, - to braid.................................. 6
passer, - to pass (time},
to go past, to show! film}, to sit (exam} 6
passer (se), - to take place.......................... 6
passer (se), de, - to do without............... 6
passionner, - to fascinate, to excite ... 6
passionner (se), pour, - to have
a passion for...................................... 6
passiver, - to make passive......................... 6
pasteller, - to colour in pastels................ 6
pasteuriser, - to pasteurize.......................... 6
pasticher, - to imitate, to copy................. 6
patauger, - to splash, to flounder............ 8
pateliner, - to butter up ............................... 6
patenter, - to license.................................... 6
patienter, - to be patient, to wait for .. . 6
patiner, - to skate, to skid .......... 6
patiner (se), - to acquire patina............... 6
pâtir, - to suffer.......................................... 19
pâtir, de, - to suffer from ........................... 19
pâtisser, - to make pastry............................ 6
patoiser, - to speak patois........................... 6
pàtouiller, - to flounder................................ 6
patronner, - to sponsor,
to give patronage (to)......................... 6
patrouiller, - to patrol ............. 6
patter, - to leave footprints.......................... 6
pâturer, - to graze........................................ 6
paümer, - to smack, to lose (fam.) .... 6
paumer (se), - to get lost............................. 6
pau pé riser, - to impoverish........................ 6
pa user, - to pause...................................... 6
pavaner (se), - to strut ............................... 6
paver, - to pave .......................................... 6
pavoiser, - to put out (flags)........................ 6
payer, - to pay, to pay for,
to stand............................................ 16
payer (s'en), - to have a good time .... 16
peaufiner, - to perfect.................................. 6
pécher, - to sin, to err, to trespass .... 10
pêcher, - to fish, to angle, to catch ... 6
pédaler, - to pedal...................................... 6
peigner, - to comb, to smooth out.... 6
peigner (se), - to comb one's hair........... 6
peindre, - to paint.......................................57
peindre (se), - to portray oneself............. 57
peiner, - to work hard, to pain................. 6
peiner (se) to grieve.................................... 6
peinturer, - to coat with paint.................. 6
peinturlurer, - to daub (colours).............. 6
pe!er'(se) ) to peel, to skin ........................ 12
pelleter, - to shovel.................................... 11
peloter, - to paw, to cuddle.......................... 6
pelotonner, - to huddle................................ 6
pelotonner (se), - to curl in to a ball .... 6
pelucher, - to become fluffy......................... 6
pénaliser, - to penalize................................ 6
pencher, - to lean, to tilt, to tip up ... . 6
pencher (se), - to lean down,
to bend down..................................... 6
pendiller, - to dangle.................................... 6
pendouiller, - to hang loose......................... 6
pendre, - to hang ..................................... 53
pendre (se), - to hang oneself, to ding to 53
pénétrer, - to enter, to penetrate................ 10
pénétrer (se), de, - to become imbued
with ................................................ 10
penser, - to think, to have in mind,
to agree, to imagine........................... 6
penser, à, - to think of................................. 6
penser, qq chose de, - to think
something of...................................... 6
penser (faire), - to remind............................ 6
penser (faire), à, - to remind of............... 6
penser faire, - to expect to do................. 6
pensionner, - to pension ........... 6
pépier, - to cheep, to chirp ......... 15
percer, - to pierce, to go through............. 7
percevoir, - to perceive ..............................38
percuter, - to strike...................................... 6
perdre, - to lose, to waste.......................... 53
perdre (se), - to lose one's way,
to be lost (in).................................... 53
pérégriner, - to peregrinate......................... 6
pérenniser, - to make durable..................... 6
perfectionner, ) to improve,
perfectionner (se) ) to perfect...................... 6
perforer, - to perforate................................. 6
péricliter, - to be in a bad way,
to decline........................................... 6
périmer, - to become out of date............. 6
périphraser, - to expatiate........................... 6
périr, - to perish ................ 19
perler, - topearl, to work with care,
to bead (sugar) ................................. 6
permanenter, - toperm hair......................... 6
perméabiliser, - to make permeable ... 6
permettre, - to permit, to allo w...... 56
permettre (se), - to venture, to permit
oneself............................................. 56
permuter, - to change (over),
to exchange ( with)............................ 6
pérorer, - to hold forth................................. 6
peroxyder, - toperoxydize........................... 6
perpétrer, - to perpetrate........................... 10
perpétuer, - to perpetuate........................... 6
perpétuer . .. c
perpétuer (se) Jto survlve’ to contlnue ’ 6
perquisitionner, - to search......................... 6
persécuter, - to persecute........................... 6
persévérer, dans, - to persevere in .... 10
persifler, - to banter .............. 6
persi Her, - to season with parsley......... 6
persister, dans, - to persist in,
to stick to............................................ 6
personnaliser, - to personalize................ 6
personnifier, - to impersonate,
to personify...................................... 15
persuader, de, - to persuade,
to convince......................................... 6
persuader (se), - to become convinced . 6
perturber, - to perturb.................................. 6
pervertir, - to pervert................................. 19
peser, - to weigh, to ponder......................... 9
pester, contre, - to storm at,
to rail at.............................................. 6
pest itérer, - to plague............................... 10
pétarader, - to bang, topop......................... 6
pétarder, - to blast, to back-fire............... 6
péter, ' to fart, to break (fam.)................. 10
pétiller, - to crackle...................................... 6
pétitionner, - to petition ........... 6
S,I»«»*.......................
pétrir, - to knead........................................ 19
p’X*'se) | toPeoP/e- topopulate . . 6
phagocyter, - to absorb (by
phagocytosis), to destroy................... 6
philosopher, - to philosophize................. 6
phosphater, - to phosphate......................... 6
phosphorer, - to phosphorete..................... 6
photocopier, - to photocopy...................... 15
photographier, - to photograph............... 15
phraser, - to phrase.................................... 6
piaffer, - to paw (the ground) ..................... 6
piailler, - to squeal....................................... 6
pianoter, - to strum............. . ........ 6
piauler, - to cheep, to whine........................ 6
picoler (fam.) - to tipple............................... 6
picorer, - to peck......................................... 6
picoter, - to prick tiny holes......................... 6
piéger, - to trap.......................................... 14
prêter, - to toe the Une.............................. 10
prêter (se), - to stand firm,
to dig one's heels...................................... 10
piétiner, - to trample.................................... 6
pieuter (se?’’ ! to turn in’to hit the sack 6
pif(f)er (fam.) - to tolerate .......... 6
pigeonner, - to dupe .................................. 6
piger (fam.) - to understand........................ 8
pigmenter, - to pigment............................... 6
pignocher, - to pick at (food)....................... 6
piler, - to pound, to ground......................... 6
piller, - to pillage......................................... 6
pilonner, - to pulp........................................ 6
piloter, - to steer, to pilot............................. 6
pimenter, - to add spice (to) ....................... 6
pinailler, - to quibble (over)......................... 6
pi nee au ter, - to brush in (colour) ............ 6
pincer, - to pinch, to squeeze, to nab . . 7
pindar iser, - to write in an affected style . 6
pinter (fam.) ) M ~
pinter(se) | tobooze........................................... 6
piocher, - to pick, to swot............................ 6
pioneer (fam.) - to sleep............................. 7
pionner, - to take pawns (chess)................. 6
piper, - to peep, to dupe, to load (dice) . 6
piper (ne pas), -not to say a word .... 6
pique-niquer, - to picnic.............................. 6
piquer, - to sting, to bite, to prick,
to steal (fam.)............................................. 6
piquer (se), - to sting oneself,
to take offence............................................ 6
piquer (se), de, - to pride oneself on ... 6
piquer (se), à, - to warm up about........... 6
piquer (se faire), (fam.) - to get caught . 6
piqueter, - to mark out, to picket............. 11
pirater, - to pirate......................................... 6
pirouetter, - to pirouette ............................. 6
pisser, - to pee............................................ 6
pister, - to track........................................... 6
pistonner, - to back, to push........................ 6
pitonner, - to use pegs (in
mountaineering) ...................................... 6
pivoter, - to hinge on................................... 6
pivoter (faire), - to spin round.................. 6
placarder, - to post up, to stick up .... 6
placer, - to put, to place, to post,
to invest (money).............. 7
placer (se), - to take up (position)
to find a job, to be placed (sport) .... 7
plafonner, - to reach the top of,
to ceil (room)........................................... 6
plagier, - to crib ................ 15
plaider, - toplead......................................... 6
plaindre, - to be sorry (for), to pity. ... 59
plaindre (se), - to complain....................... 59
plaire, à, - toplease.................................. 63
plaire (se), à, - to take pleasure in.......... 63
plaisanter, - to joke...................................... 6
planchéier, - to board................................ 15
plancher (fam.) - to swot .......... 6
planer, - to soar, to hangover
to be above care, to be happy (fam.) . 6
planifier, - to plan ............... 15
planquer, - to stash away............................ 6
planquer (se), - to hide, to take cover . . 6
planter, - to plant, topitch............................. 6
planter (se), - to take stand, to fail (fam.) 6
plaquer, - to chuck, to veneer................. 6
plaquer (se), - to He flat.............................. 6
plastifier, - to plasticize.............................. 15
plastiquer, - to blast.................................... 6
plastronner, - to strut, to boast about . . 6
platiner, - to plate, to dye blond (hair) .. 6
plati nise r, - to platinize.............................. 6
plâtrer, - to plaster....................................... 6
plébisciter, - to vote by plebiscite............ 6
pleurer, - to cry, to weep, to mourn ... 6
pleurnicher, - to snivel................................. 6
pleuvasser, - to drizzle................................ 6
pleuviner, - to drizzle................................... 6
pleuvoir, - to rain........................................45
pleuvoir (faire), - to shower........................45
pleuvoter, - to drizzle................................... 6
plier, - to fold (up)...................................... 15
plier (se), à, - to yield to............................ 15
pI isse r, - to plea t, to crease...................... 6
plisser (se), - to screw up (eyes)............ 6
plomber, - to lead, to stop (tooth)........... 6
plonger, - to dive, to plunge........................ 8
plonger (se), dans, - to throw oneself
into..................................................... 8
ployer, - to bend, to give way.................. 17
plucher, - to shed fluff................................. 6
plumer'(se) |t0 pluck'to fleece tfamJ ' ' 6
pluviner, - to drizzle..................................... 6
pocharder (se) (fam.) - to get tipsy .... 6
pocher, - to poach (egg), to blacken
(eye), to bag (clothes) ........... 6
poêler, - to cook in frying-pan................. 6
poétiser, - to make poetic .......... 6
poignarder, - to stab.................................... 6
porter (se) (fam.) - to guffaw ........ 6
poinçonner, - to punch................................ 6
poindre, - to dawn ................................... 58
pointer, - to tick off (list), to check in,
to point, to soar, to thrust at........... 6
pointer (se), (fam.) - to turn up................ 6
pointiller, - to dot......................................... 6
poireauter (fam.) - to wait............................ 6
poireauter (faire), (fam.) - to keep
someone waiting................................ 6
poisser, - to pitch......................................... 6
poivrer, - to pepper...................................... 6
poivrer (se), - to get peppered ....... 6
poivroter (se), - to booze .......... 6
polariser, to centre upon, to polarize ... 6
polémiquer, - to enter into polemics ... 6
policer, - to bring order, to civilize........... 7
policer (se), - to become civilized . ... . 7
polir, - to polish, to refine........................... 19
polissonner, - to be bawdy . . .«.................. 6
politiquer, - to talk politics ......... 6
po I itiser, - to give a political angle......... 6
polluer, - to pollute ..................................... 6
polycopier, - to duplicate........................... 15
polymériser, • to polymerize........................ 6
pofnmader, - to pomade, to flatter (fam.} 6
parnmeler (se) I to be dappled.................. 11
pomme r, - to form a head (vegetables} . 6
pomper, - to pump....................................... 6
pomponner, - to adorn, to titivate. ... . 6
pomponner (se), - to smarten oneself up 6
poncer, - to sandpaper................................ 7
ponctionner, - to puncture, to tap. ... . 6
ponctuer, - to punctuate, to dot............... 6
pondérer, - to balance............................... 10
pondre, - to lay ................ 53
ponter, - to make a bridge........................... 6
pontifier, - to pontificate............................. 15
populariser, - to make popular,
to popularize ................. 6
porphyriser, - to grind (stone)...................... 6
porter, - to carry, to bring,
to wear (clothes)................................ 6
porter (se), - to feel (health)......................... 6
porter (se) sur, - to focus on........................ 6
porter (se) vers, - to proceed to.............. 6
portraiturer, - to portray............................... 6
poser, - to pose, to put down,
to lay down......................................... 6
poser (se), - to arise (question),
to land (aircraft), to settle................... 6
positionner, - to position.............................. 6
posséder, - to possess, to own............... 10
posséder (se), ne plus, - to be overcome 10
postdater, - to postdate............................... 6
poster, - topost ................ 6
poster (se), - to take up a position .... 6
postillonner, - to splutter.............................. 6
postposer, - toplace after............................. 6
postsynchroniser, - to postsynchronize . 6
postuler, - to solicit, to apply for . ... . 6
potasser, - to swot....................................... 6
potiner, - to gossip....................................... 6
poudrer, - to powder.................................... 6
poudroyer, - to be covered in dust,
to whir! up........................................ 17
pouffer, - to guffaw...................................... 6
pouliner, - to foal................ 6
pouponner, - to coddle................................ 6
pourchasser, - to pursue, to be after ... 6
pourfendre, - to cleave (in twain),
to defeat............................................53
pourlécher, - to lick.................................... 10
pourlécher (se), - to smack one's Up ... 10
pourprer (se), - to turn purple........ 6
pôurriHse) I to rot, to go bad................... 19
poursuivre, - to pursue, to chase .... 75
poursuivre (se), - to continue......................75
pourvoir, - to provide..................................40
pourvoir, à, - to provide for.........................40
pourvoir, de, - to provide with.................40
pourvoir (se), - to petition...........................40
pousser, - to push, to urge on,
to grow............................................... 6
pousser (se), - to make one's way .... 6
^æ, | tobeableto ..........................................43
praliner, - to brown (in sugar), to crisp. . 6
pratiquer, - to put into practice................ 6
pratiquer (se), - to be usual,
to be the practice............................... 6
préaviser, - to forewarn............................... 6
précautionner, ) * c
précautionner (se) ! t0 take Precautions 6
précéder, - toprecede................................ 10
prêcher, - to preach ............. 6
précipiter, - to throw down, to hurry . . 6
précipiter (se), - to hurry, to rush,
to speed up........................................ 6
préciser, - to make clear, to clarify,
to specify............................................ 6
préciser (se), - to take shape,
to become clearer.............................. 6
précompter, - to deduct beforehand ... 6
préconiser, - to recommend........................ 6
prédestiner, - to predestinate...................... 6
prédéterminer, - to predetermine............ 6
prédire, - to predict.....................................78
prédisposer, - to predispose........................ 6
prédominer, - to predominate, to prevail 6
préempter, - to pre-empt .......... 6
préétablir, - to pre-establish ...................... 19
préexister, - to pre-exist............................... 6
préfacer, - to write a preface....................... 7
préférer, - to prefer, to like better,
would rather..................................... 10
préfigurer, - to foreshadow.......................... 6
préfixer, - to prefix .............. 6
pré former, - to preform ........... 6
préjudicier, - to be detrimental (to) .... 15
préjuger, de, - to prejudge .......... 8
prélasser (se), - to loll.................................. 6
prélever, - to deduct, to set apart............ 9
préluder, à, - to prelude to .......... 6
pré mé d i te r, - to prémédita te.................. 6
prémunir, - to warn, to protect ...... 19
prémunir (se), contre - to guard against,
to forewarn....................................... 19
prendre, - to take, to seize, to catch,
to capture......................................... 54
prendre (se), pour, - to take oneself for . 54
prendre (s'en) à, - to have it in for............. 54
prénommer, - to call (Christian name) . 6
prénommer (se), - to be called (Christian
name) ..................... 6
préoccuper, - to preoccupy.......................... 6
préoccuper (se), de, - to worry about,
to be concerned with ........... 6
préparer, | to prepare to, to get
préparer (se), à ) ready for.......................... 6
préposer, - to appoint ............ 6
présager, - to forebode, to predict .... 8
prescrire, - to prescribe, to stipulate ... 80
prescrire (se), - to lapse..............................80
présenter, - topresent, to display,
to introduce.............. .......... . 6
présenter (se), - to appear, to arise,
to introduce oneself........................ 6
préserver, - to protect (from),
to preserve......................................... 6
présider, à - to preside over ........ 6
pressentir, - to have a pressentiment
to sound (somebody) on ........ . 25
pressentir (faire), - to forebode.................. 25
presser, - to squeeze, to press............... 6
presser (se), - to hurry up, to be in
a rush, to throng................................. 6
presser (se), contre, - to snuggle up
against..................... 6
pressurer, - to press, to extort (money) . 6
pressuriser, - to pressurize.......................... 6
présumer, de, - topresume.......................... 6
présupposer, - to presuppose................. 6
présurer, - to curdle (milk)........................... 6
prétendre, à, - to daim................................ 53
prétendre (se), - to assert oneself as . . . 53
prêter, - to lend, to attribute.................... 6
prêter à, - to lead................ 6
prêter (se), à, - to give oneself upto .. . 6
prétexter, - to pre text.................................. 6
prévaloir, - to pre vail..................................47
prévaloir (se), de, - to pride oneself on,
to take advantage of........... 47
prévariquer, - to prevaricate ........ 6
prévenir, - to anticipate, to inform .... 23
prévoir, - to foresee, to forecast..................39
prier, - topray, to beg, to request. ... . 15
primer, - to excel (in), to award a prize . 6
priser, - to snuff, to appraise,
to treasure......................................... 6
prismatiser, - to make prism-Hke ..... 6
privatiser, - to privatize ............................... 6
priver, de, - to deprive of .......... 6
priver (se), de, - to do without ....... 6
privilégier, - to privilege ........... 15
procéder, à, de, - to proceed,
to initiate, to originate from............ 10
procession ner, - to walk in procession . 6
proclamer, - to proclaim .......... . 6
procréer, - to procreate.............................. 13
procurer Vse) \ to gain, to obtain............ 6
prodiguer, - to lavish, to squander .... 6
produire, - to produce, to make,
to bring about....................................82
produire (se), - to happen, to appear
(onstage)...........................................82
profaner, - to profane................................... 6
proférer, - to utter..................................... 10
professer, - to profess, to teach.................. 6
profiler, - to profile, to shape........................ 6
profiler (se), - to stand out ......... 6
profiter, - to profit, to make a profit ... 6
profiter, à, - to benefit.................................. 6
profiter, de, - to take advantage of ... . 6
profiter (faire), - to lay out (money), to
give the use (of)............... 6
programmer, - to programme................ 6
progresser, - to progress, to advance . . 6
prohiber, - to prohibit.................................. 6
projeter, - to project, to show (film),
to plan.............................................. 11
projeter (se), - to jut out............................. 11
prolétariser, - to proletarianize............... 6
proliférer, - to proliferate............................ 10
prolonger, - to prolong, to extend .... 8
prolonger (se), - to last, to persist.......... 8
promener, - to take fora walk ...... 9
promener (envoyer), - to send packing . 9
promener (se), - to go for a walk,
to wander........................................... 9
promettre, - to promise ........... 56
promettre (se), - to promise oneself ... 56
promettre (se), de, - to resolve to...............56
promouvoir, - to promote...................... 44
promulguer, - to issue (decree)............. 6
prôner, - to extol.......................................... 6
prononcer, - to utter, to pronounce ... 7
prononcer (se), - to reach a decision ... 7
pronostiquer, - to forecast...................... . . . 6
propager, - to propagate...................... . 8
propager (se), - to spread, to reproduce. 8
prophétiser, - to prophesy........................... 6
proportionner, ) . c
proportionner(se)! to proportion............. 6
proposer, - to suggest, to propose 6
proposer (se), - to set oneself, to intend.
to offer one's services..................
proposer (se), de, - to intend to ...... 6
proposer (se) pour, - to come forward . . 6
6
...................
proroger, - to adjourn ............. 8
proscrire, - to outlaw................................ 80
prosodier, - to follow the rules of
prose- writing.................................. 15
prospecter, - to prospect................... 6
prospérer, - to prosper.............................. 10
prosterner (se), - to bow low....................... 6
................... 6
protéger, - to protect, to shelter,
to patronize ..................................... 14
protester, de - to protest............................. 6
prouver, - to prove .............. 6
provenir, - to arise from.............................23
proverbialiser, - to make into a proverb . 6
provoquer, - to provoke, to induce,
to arouse ................... 6
psalmodier, - to chant............................... 15
psychanalyser, - to psychoanalyze . ... 6
psychiatriser, - to interpret according to
psychiatry .................. 6
publier, - to publish, to proclaim............ 15
puddler, - to puddle.................................... 6
puer, - to stink............................................. 6
rare : past historic
imperfect subj,
and compound tenses
puiser, - to draw, to derive.......................... 6
pulluler, - to pullulate, to swarm.............. 6
pulser, - to pulse......................................... 6
pulvériser, - to grind ................................... 6
punir, - to punish....................................... 19
purger, - topurge......................................... 8
purifier, - to purify...................................... 15
putréfier, \ _
putréfier (se) \ to putrefy............................ 15
pyramider, - to make a pyramid.............. 6
pyrograver, - to pyrograph.......................... 6
quadriller, - to cross-rule, to divide
into cross-sections............................. 6
quadrupler, - to quadruple........................... 6
qualifier, - to quality, to term...................... 15
qualifier (se), - to be qualified,
to label oneself................................. 15
quantifier, - to quantify.............................. 15
quarrer, - to quadrate.................................. 6
quémander, - to beg ¡from)......................... 6
quereller, - to scold..................................... 6
quereller (se), - to quarrel (with one
another}............................................. 6
quérir, - to fetch.......................................... D
= infinitive
quérir (aller), - to send for........................... D
questionner, - to question........................... 6
quêter, - to collect....................................... 6
queuter, - to push a billiard ball............... 6
quintessencier, - to be quintessential . . 15
quintupler, - to quintuple............................. 6
quittancer, - to receipt (bill)......................... 7
quitter, - to leave, to vacate, to desert . 6
quitter (se), - to part ................................... 6
rabâcher, - to repeat, to harp on............. 6
rabaisser, - to debase, to belittle............. 6
rabaisser (se), - to humble oneself .... 6
rabattre, - to shut down,
to deduct (sum)................................ 55
rabattre (se), - to cut in (car)..................... 55
rabattre (se), sur-to fall back on..............55
rabibocher (fam.) - to reconcile............... 6
rabioter (fam.) - to scrounge....................... 6
rabonnir, - to improve ............................... 19
raboter, - to plane........................................ 6
rabougrir, - to shrive! up............................ 19
rabougrir (se), - to become stunted. ... 19
rabouter, - to join together........................... 6
rabrouer, - to scold, to snap at................ 6
raccommoder, - to mend, to repair ... 6
raccommoder (se), - to make it up,
to be reconciled.................................. 6
raccompagner, - to take back................. 6
raccorder, j to link up (to), to join
raccorder (se) ) up (to) ................................ 6
raccourcir, ) , t
raccourcir (se) I to shorten........................ 19
raccoutrer, - to repair (clothes) ................... 6
raccrocher, - to hang up (phone)............ 6
raccrocher (se), à, - to ding onto............. 6
racheter, - to buy (back), to atone (for) 12
racheter (se), - to redeem oneself............. 12
raciner, - to take root................................... 6
racier, i „. „
racier \ to scrape, to rake........................ 6
racoler, - to recruit, to solicit........................ 6
raconter, - to tell, to relate........................... 6
raconter (se), - to talk about oneself ... 6
racornir, \ . , . . M
racornir (se) j toshnvelup, to harden . . 19
15
6
6
6
15
6
6
15
6
6
19
19
6
6
6
6
19
19
19
8
6
6
6
6
6
19
6
6
11
6
61
radier, - to strike off.................................
radiner (fam.), - to show up,
to turn up................................................
r a d io ba I i se r, - to transmit signal......
radiodiffuser, - to broadcast....................
radiographier, - to X-ray ...........
radioguider, - to control by radio.............
rad ioscoper, - to X-ray ............
radiotélégraphier, - to telegraph
by radio..........................................
radoter, - to drivel, to ramble on..............
radouber, - to repair (ship! in dry dock
radoucir, \ . * ...
radoucir (se) i t0 soften' t0 Srow mrid
raffermir, „ .. .. .
raffermir, (se) \to strengthen, to harden
raffiner, - to refine...................................
raffoler, de, - to adore ............
rafistoler, - to patch up............................
rafler, - to sweep off, to round up............
rafraîchir, - to cool down, to chill,
tobrigthenup..................................
rafraîchir (se), - to refresh oneself,
to take a drink................................
ragaillardir, ) .
ragaillardir (se) J to perk up....................
rager, - to fume .................
ragoter, - to gossip (about).....................
ra go Citer, - to restore (appetite)...........
ragrafer, - to hookup...............................
ragrafer (se), - to adjust one's dress . . .
raguer, \ *
raguer(se) \ to wear out..........................
raidir, > _
raidir (se) I tostrffen.................................
railler” (se) } to scoff (at), to make fun (of)
rainer, - to groove...................................
raineter, - to trace saw-Hnes..................
rainurer, - to groove................................
raire, - to bell (deer)................................
raisonner, ï . . ,. _
raisonner (se) I to reason (with).............. 6
rajeunir, - to rejuvenate, to update
rajeunir (se), - to make oneself younger
rajouter'(se) | to add' to ^more (of) .
ra en ir
' ’ ', to slow down.................................
ralentir (se) )
râler, - to fume, to rattle ...........
raIléger, - to lighten................................
rallier, • • * -J
rallier (se), à
rallonger'(se) I to lenghten, to extend. .
rallumer, - to rekindle, to revive..............
rallumer (se), - to come on again llightl
ramager, - to warble...............................
ramasser, - to gather, to pick up.............
ramasser (se), - to gather, to pick up,
to come a cropper ffam.)...............
rambiner, - to reconcile...........................
19
19
6
19
6
8
15
8
6
6
8
6
6
6
ramener, to take back, to bring back 9
ramer, - to row, to flounder (fam.) .... 6
rameuter, i to gather together,
rameuter (se) ! to round up......................... 6
ramifier, > . . .,
ramifier (se) I to branch out, to ramify . 15
ramollir, - to soften.................................... 19
ramollir (se), - to grow soft........................ 19
ramoner, - to sweep (chimney}............... 6
ramper, - to crawl, to trail (plant},
to cringe............................................ 6
rancarder (fam.), - to tip off......... 6
rancir, - to grow rancid.............................. 19
rançonner, - to hold to ransom................... 6
randonner, - to trek..................................... 6
ranger, - to arrange, to tidy,
to put away........................................ 8
ranger (se), - to pull over (car}, to stand
aside, to mend one's way.................. 8
ranimer, ) c
ranimer \ to revive, to renew................... 6
rapapilloter (fam.), - to reconcile............. 6
rapatrier, t
rapatrier (se) I torepatnate......................
râper, - to grate........................................... 6
rapetasser, - to patch up............................. 6
rapetisser, - to shorten, to diminish 6
rapetisser (se), - to shrink............................ 6
rapiécer, - to patch..............................c/c 7
é/é 10
rapiner, - to pillage, to graft........................ 6
rappareiller, - to match............................... 6
rapparier, - to match................................. 15
rappeler, - to call back, to remind,
to phone (back}............................... 11
rappeler (se), - to recall, to remember . . 11
rappliquer, - to re apply, to turn up
(fam.}................................................. 6
rapporter, - to bring back, to return,
to report, to call off, to give a good
return (money} .................................. 6
rapporter (se), à - to relate to, to agree
with ................................................... 6
rapprocher, i to bring near, §
rapprocher (se) J to come nearer ’
raquer (fam.) - to fork out............................ 6
raréfier, \ _
raréfier (se) Itoraref''........................................ 15
raser, - to shave, to bore (fam.).............. 6
raser (se), - to shave, to be bored (fam.). 6
rassasier, - to satisly (hunger)................ 15
rassasier (se), - to eat one’s fill............... 15
rassembler, j to reassemble,
rassembler (se) ! to gather.......................... 6
rasseoir, > ..
rasseoir (se) Jforeseat to sit down again 49
rasséréner, - to restore to serenity,
to dear up ........................................ 10
rasséréner (se), - to recover one's spirit 10
rassir, - to grow stale ............. D
= infinitive
and p.p. : rassis, e
rassurer, - to reassure................................. 6
r a ssu r e r ( se ), - to feel reassured...... 6
ratatiner, ) * , . . c
ratatiner (se) I to shrivel up......................... 6
ratatouiller (fam.), - to stew......................... 6
râteler, - to rake up.................................... 11
rater, - to fail, to miss ............. 6
ratiboiser (fam.), - to filch............................ 6
ratifier, - to ratify........................................ 15
ratiociner, - to split hairs.............................. 6
rationaliser, - to rationalize.......................... 6
rationner, ) c
rationner (se) I foraf/o/7..................................... 6
ratisser, - to rake ................ 6
rattacher, - to fasten again.......................... 6
rattacher (se), à - to be connected with 6
rattraper, - to recapture, to recoup ... 6
rattraper (se), - to save oneself, to make
good................................................... 6
raturer, - to erase........................................ 6
ravager, - to ravage..................................... 8
ravaler, - to reduce, to swallow
again, to renovate.............................. 6
ravaler, à, - to reduce to the level (of} . . 6
ravaler (se), - to debase oneself............. 6
ravauder, - to mend.............. 6
ravigoter, - to revive.................................... 6
ravilir, - to degrade, to vivify...................... 19
ravilir (se), - to grow vile ........... 19
raviner, - to hollow out............ 6
ravir, - to ravish, to enrapture................. 19
raviser (se), - to change one's mind ... 6
ravitailler, - to refill, to resupply............... 6
ravitailler (se), - to get fresh supplies... 6
raviver, ) * • c
raviver (se)!rore'/'1/e......................................... 6
ravoir, - to have again, to dean (fam.} D
= infinitive
rayer, i to scratch,
rayer {se}] to cross out (word}................... 16
rayonner, -to radiate.................................... 6
razzier, - to raid................. 15
réabonner, ) to renew one's
réabonner (se) J subscription (to} .... 6
ré absorber, - to reabsorb........................... 6
r(é)accoutumer, - toreaccustom.............. 6
r(é)accoutumer (se), - to become
reaccustomed .................................. 6
réactiver, - to reactivate............................... 6
ass», J»»«'*“.................»
réadmettre, - to readmit............................. 56
réaffirmer, - to reaffirm................................. 6
r(é)affûter, - to regrind................................. 6
réagir, à, - to react to ............. 19
r(é)ajuster, - to readjust............................... 6
r(é)ajuster (se), - to straighten oneself
up, to readjust................ 6
réaléser, - to rebore .............. 10
réaliser, - to realize, to fulfil,
to produce (film)............................... 6
réaliser (se), - to come true......................... 6
réanimer, - to revive ............. 6
réapparaître, - to reappear.........................64
r(é)apprendre, - to relearn......................... 54
réapprovisionner, \ to stock up
réapprovisionner (se) | again.................. 6
réargenter, - to replate ........... 6
réargenter (se), (fam.) - to replenish
the coffers.......................................... 6
réarmer, - to refit (boat}, to reload
(camera} ................... 6
réarmer (se), - forearm ........... 6
réarranger, - to rearrange............................ 8
ré assigner, - to resummon ......... »6
réassortir, - to rematch, tore-stock . . 19
reassurer, \ c
réassurer (se) j t0 ^assure. to remsure 6
rebaisser, - to lower again .......... 6
rebaptiser, - to rebaptize, to rename ... 6
rebattre, - to beat again, to reshuffle
rebâtir, - to rebuild............... 19
(cards! ..................... 55
rebattre les oreilles, - to say the same
thing over again ............... 55
rebeller (se), - to rebel................................. 6
rebiffer (se), - to bristle up,
to strike back ................ 6
reblanchir, - to whiten again...................... 19
reboiser, - to reforest................................... 6
rebondir, - to rebound ............ 19
reborder, - to put a new edge ..................... 6
reboucher, \ . .... o
reboucher (se) (t0 recork-to f'"uP ■■■ 6
rebouter, - to set up (broken bone! ■ . • ■ 6
reboutonner, ). , c
reboutonner (se) It0 button UP a9a,n ' ' 6
reb roder, - to re-embroider....................■. . 6
rebrousser, - to brush up (hair!....... 6
rebrousser chemin, - to retrace one's
steps................................................. 6
rebrousser (se), - to turn up,
to bend back....................................... 6
rebuter, - to put off, to rebuff................... 6
rebuter (se), - to lose heart.......................... 6
recacheter, - to sea! again........................... 6
recalcifier, - to recalcify ........... 15
recaler, - to fail (somebody!, to reset . . 6
récapituler, - to recapitulate ........................ 6
recarreler, - to repave ............................... 11
recaser, ) to resettle, to palm off
recaser (se) J (fam.!.................................... 6
recéder, - to resell.......................•............ 10
receler, ) to receive stolen goods,
receler (se) ) to harbour ........... 12
recéler, ù ,
foconcea/
recèle, (se) I ....................................... 10
recenser, - to take a census, to count . . 6
recéper, - to cut down............................... 10
réceptionner, - to take delivery (of! .... 6
recercler, - to rehoop (cask! ....................... 6
recevoir, - to receive, to welcome .... 38
recevoir (se), - to land (on!.........................38
rechampir, - to setoff................................. 19
rec hanger, - to exchange........................... 8
rec hanger (se), - to change one's clothes 8
rechanter, - to sing again, to repeat ... 6
rechaper, - to retread.................................. 6
réchapper, à, de, - to escape from .... 6
recharger, - to recharge.............................. 8
rechasser, - to drive back............................ 6
réchauffer, - to reheat, to warm up 6
réchauffer (se), - to get warmer.............. 6
rechausser, i to put on
rechausser (se) ! one's shoes again ... 6
rechercher, - to search for........................... 6
rechigner, - to jib, to balk at......................... 6
rechristianiser, - to rechristianize . ... . 6
rechuter, - to. backslide, to have
a relapse . . . ................................... 6
récidiver, - to recur, to relapse.................... 6
réciter, - to recite......................................... 6
réclamer, - to ask for, to claim,
to complain (about!............................ 6
réclamer (se), de, - to appeal to ...... 6
reclasser, - to reclassify.............................. 6
reclasser (se), - to find a new job............ 6
récliner, - to tilt backwards ......................... 6
reclouer, - to nail up again........................... 6
reclure, - to seclude.................................... D
=s infinitive
and p.p. : reclus, e
recoiffer, i c
recoiffer (se) Jt0 re-arran9e °ne s ha'r ■ 6
ré co 1er, - to check ............... 6
recoller, - to restick...................................... 6
recoller (se), - to mend, to glue............... 6
recolorer, - to recolour ............ 6
récolter, - to harvest.................................... 6
recommander, - to recommend,
to register (letter!................................ 6
recommander (se), de, to give
somebody's name as a reference ... 6
recommander (se), à, - to commend
oneself to............................. ........ 6
recommencer, - to recommence............. 1
recommences a,-to start again to .... 7
recomparaître, - to reappear......................64
récompenser, - to reward,
récompehser (se), - to recompense,
to compensate ... 6
recomposer, }
recomposer (se) J to recompose
recompter, - to recount................................ 6
réconcilier, - to reconcile..................... 15
reconcilier (se), avec, - to make it up
with .................................................. 15
recondamner, - to recondemn..................... 6
reconduire, - to escort home,
to reconfirm...................................... 82
réconforter, - to comfort .............................. 6
réconforter (se), - to take comfort in,
to take refreshment........................... 6
recongeler, - to refreeze...................... 12
reconnaître, - to recognize,
to reconnoitre, to admit,
to ackno wledge.........................................64
reconnaître (se), - to recognize (one
another), to get one's bearing,
to own oneself............................................64
reconnaître (se), envers, - to pay up
(debt) ..................... 64
reconnecter, - to reconnect......... 6
reconquérir, - to recover, to regain .... 24
reconsidérer, - to reconsider..................... 10
r e con so I i de r, - to reconsolidate....... 6
reconstituer, - to reconstitue....................... 6
reconstituer (se), - to regenerate............ 6
reconstruire, - to rebuild.............................82
reconvertir, - to reconvert.......................... 19
reconvertir (se), - to take up a new
activity, to redeploy.......................... 19
recopier, - to re-copy................................. 15
recoquiller, ) ,.. c
recoquiller (se) \to shrivel............................ 6
recorder, - to retie........................................ 6
recorriger, - to revise ........... . . 8
recoucher, - to put back to bed............... 6
recoucher (se), - to go back to bed .... 6
recoudre, - to resew.................................. 73
recouper, - to cut again, to cross-
check ................................................. 6
recouper (se), - to intersect, to match up 6
recourber, ) , ,, , _
recourber (se) \to bend back....................... 6
recourir, à, - to resort to..............................33
recouvrer, - to recover................................. 6
recouvrir, - tore-cover ........... 27
recouvrir (se), - to be covered (with) ... 27
recracher, c
recracher (se)!íosP'íouí.................................... 6
recréer, - to recreate................................. 13
récréer )
récréer (se) t0 entertain, to amuse ... 13
recrépir, - to replaster................................ 19
rec reuser, - to hollow out again ...... 6
récrier (se), - to exclaim............................ 15
récriminer, - to recriminate.......................... 6
recroiser, - to recross ................................. 6
recroître, - to gro w again...........................67
recroqueviller (se), - to shrive! up........... 6
recruter, ) c
recruter (se)!fo'ec""f......................................... 6
rectifier, - to rectify..................................... 15
recueillir, - to collect, to gather . ... . 28
recueillir (se) - to collect one's thoughts 28
recuire, - to cook again.............................. 82
reculer, - to move back, to step back,
to be on the decline ............ 6
reculer (se), - to drawback.......................... 6
récupérer, - to recover, to recoup........... 10
récurer, - to scour........................................ 6
récuser, - to challenge............................ 6
récuser (se), - to decline to give an
opinion............................................... 6
recycler, - to recycle.................................... 6
recycler (se), - to retrain (for)...................... 6
redécouvrir, - to rediscover........................27
redéfaire, - to undo again .......... 62
redemander, - to ask again (for)............. 6
redémolir, - to redemolish......................... 19
redescendre, - to go down again............ 53
redevenir, - to become ... again,
to grow... again ................................23
redevoir, - to owe (a balance) of.............42
rédiger, - to draft, to write out.................. 8
rédimer, ) . , c
rédimer (se) \t°^deem.................................. 6
redire, - to say again, torepeat................ 78
trouver à redire (à), - to find fault (with! 78
rediscuter, - to discuss again...................... 6
redistribuer, - to re-distribute....................... 6
redonder, - to be redundant........................ 6
redonner, - to give again, to fall into .. . 6
redorer, - to regiid........................................ 6
redoubler, de, - to redouble,
to repeat ¡class)................................. 6
redouter, - to fear......................................... 6
redresser, - to re-erect, to rectify .... 6
redresser (se), - to sit up again, to stand
up straight.......................................... 6
réduire, à, en, - to reduce (to) .................. 82
réduire (se), à, - to amount (to) ................ 82
réduire (en), - to be reduced..................... 82
r(e)écrire, - to rewrite..................................80
réédifier, - to rebuild.................................. 15
rééditer, - to republish................................. 6
rééduquer, - to re-educate ......................... 6
réélire, - to re-elect.................................... 77
réembaucher, - to re-engage...................... 6
r(é)employer, - tore-use, to re-employ . 17
réengager, ) to ,e_enllst 8
r(é)engager (se) ) ‘
réensemencer, - to resow........................... 7
réentendre, - to hear again........................ 53
rééquilibrer, - to rebalance.......................... 6
réescompter, - to rediscount....................... 6
r(é)essayer, - to try again.......................... 16
réévaluer, - to revalue................................. 6
réexaminer, - to reexamine......................... 6
réexpédier, - to send back......................... 15
réexporter, - to re-export............................. 6
refaçonner, - to refashion............................ 6
refaire, - to redo, to renew, to make
again.................................................62
refaire (se), - to recuperate, to make up
one's losses (money)....................... 62
refendre, - to split again............................ 53
référencer, - to refer (to).............................. 7
référer, à, - to refer (to), to report to .. . 10
référer (se), à, - to consult......................... 10
refermer ) . c
refermer (se) I todoseagam.................... 6
refiler (fam.), - topalm off............................ 6
réfléchir, à, - to think about,
to reflect (light)................................. 19
réfléchir (se), - to be reflected,
to reverberate (sound) ................ 1,9
refléter, > _ „_„
refléter \to reflect. to mirror.............. 10
refleurir, >„ „ ,n
refleurir (se) I flower agam...................... 19
refluer, - to flow back, to surge back... 6
! to remelt, to remodel. . . 53
refondre (se) J
reformer, ). . -
reformer (se) (fo re’s/,^e.................................... 6
réformer, to reform, to reverse,
to discharge (soldier}......................... 6
réformer (se}, - to mend one's way .... 6
reformuler, - to reformulate......................... 6
refouiller, - to hollowout............................... 6
refouler, - to force back, to repress .... 6
réfracter, - to refract.................................... 6
réfréner, - to curb, to bridle....................... 10
réfrigérer, - to refrigerate........................... 10
refroidir, - to cooldown.............................. 19
refroidir (se), - to turn cold........................ 19
refroidir (laisser), - to coo!off................... 19
ràfüg’eHse) I to take refuge.................... 15
refuser, à, - to refuse ................................. 6
refuser (se), à, - to object to........................ 6
réfuter,-torefute ............... 6
regagner, - to win back . . ......... 6
régaler, - to treat......................................... 6
régaler (se), de, - to feast on...................... 6
regarder, - to look at, to watch ................... 6
regarder, à, - to think about........................ 6
regarder (se), - to look at oneself,
to look at each other.......................... 6
regarnir, - to restock.................................. 19
regazonner, - to replant (grass).............. 6
rege 1er, - to freeze again........................ 12
régénérer, - to regenerate......................... 10
régenter, - to rule over................................ 6
regimber (se) \to rebel (against)............. 6
régionaliser, - to regionalize ....................... 6
régir, - to govern.............................. . ... . 19
réglementer, - to regulate .......... 6
régler, - to settle, to adjust, to pay off . 10
régner, - to reign, to prevail....................... 10
regonfler, - to reinflate................................. 6
regorger, de, - to abound in........................ 8
regratter, - to scratch again,
to huckster......................................... 6
regréer, - to replace rigging...................... 13
regreffer, - to regraft.................................... 6
régresser, - to regress................................ 6
regretter, - to regret..................................... 6
regrimper, - to climb again.......................... 6
regrossir, - to put weight back (on) . ... 19
regrouper, ) to re~assemble,
regrouper (se) ) to gather together. ... 6
régulariser, - to regularise, to straighten
out...................................................... 6
régurgiter, - to regurgitate .......................... 6
réhabiliter, ) to rehabilitate,
réhabiliter (se) J to restore.......................... 6
réhabituer, - to get used to again . ... . 6
réhabituer (se), - to reaccustom (to) ... 6
réhausser, „ c
t0
réhausser (se) i tighten, to enhance 6
réifier, - to reify.......................................... 15
réimperméabiliser, - to reproof............... 6
réimplanter, - to reimplant........................... 6
réimporter, - to reimport.............................. 6
réimposer, - to reimpose............................. 6
réimprimer, - to reprint. . . .......................... 6
ré incarcérer, - to reimprison ........ 10
réincarner, - to reincarnate ......... 6
réincarner (se), - to be réincarna ted ... 6
réincorporer, - to reincorporate............... 6
réinfecter, ) „ ... c
réinfecter (se) j iore/nftci................................ 6
réinscrire, - to reinscribe........................... 80
réinscrire (se), - to re-register.................80
réinsérer, \
réinsérer (se) I iore/nserr.................................. 10
réinstaller, - to putback................................ 6
réinstaller (se), - to settle down again . . 6
réintégrer, - to reintegrate.......... 10
réinterpréter, - to reinterpret...................... 10
réintroduire, - to reintroduce.......................82
réinventer, - to reinvent............................... 6
réinvestir, - to reinvest............................... 19
réinviter, - to invite again............................. 6
réitérer,
réitérer (sell to derate.............................. 10
rejaillir, - to splash back, to rebound ... 19
rejaillir (sur), - to reflect upon.................... 19
rejeter, - to reject, to throw back,
to discard, to transfer....................... 11
rejeter (se), sur, - to fall back on/upon -. . 11
rejoindre, - to rejoin, to reunite.................. 58
rejoindre (se),- to meet (again) ...... 58
rejointoyer, - to regrout.............................. 17
rejouer, - to replay ............... 6
réjouir, - to delight, to thrill........................ 19
réjouir (se), de, - to rejoice at/to............. 19
relâcher, - to relax, to slacken off,
to release . . ...................................... 6
relâcher (se), - to become slack............. 6
relancer, - to throwback .......... 7
rélargîr, - to widen further.......................... 19
relater, - to relate........................................ 6
relaver, - to rewash..................................... 6
relaxer, - to release..................................... 6
relaxer (se), - to relax.................................. 6
relayer, - to relay, to relieve......... 16
relayer (se), pour, - to take turns, at. ... 16
reléguer, - to relegate................................ 10
relever, - to raise, to stand up,
to pick up, to relieve (troops), to draw
attention (to), to take up (challenge) . 9
relever, de, - to recover from, to be
a concern of, to come under,
to be answerable to ............ 9
relever (se), - to get back on one's feet,
to recover, to rise again..................... 9
relier, - to bind, to connect (to)................ 15
relier (se), à, - to be connected with ... 15
relire, - to read again..................................77
relire (se), - to read over what one has
written.............................................. 77
reloger, - to rehouse.................................... 8
relouer, - to rent again ............................... 6
reluire, - to shine........................................82
reluquer (fam.), - to eye up......................... 6
remâcher, - to ruminate............................... 6
remailler, - to darn....................................... 6
re manger, - to eat some more............... 8
remanier, - to reshape............................... 15
remaquiller, - to reapply make-up........... 6
remarchander, - to resell............................. 6
remarier, \
remarier (se) (forem3/7y.................................... 15
remarquer, \ * .. c
rnmnrniinr irnl I tO HOt/CC, tO ObSCrVO . 6
remarquer (se) )
remastiquer, - to remasticate.................. 6
remballer, - to repack, to rebuff (famJ . 6
............•
rembarrer, - to rebuff............................. 6
remblayer, - to bank up, to fill up ..... 16
remboîter, - to reassemble.................... 6
rembourrer, - to stuff ............. 6
rembourser, - to repay ............ 6
rembrunir, - to cloud over.......................... 19
rembrunir (se), - to become gloomy ... '19
remédier, à, - to cure, to remedy............... 15
remembrer, - to regroup ........... 6
remémorer, \ u * u * _
remémorer (se) | to recall, to recollect . 6
remercier, - to thank (for), to dismiss . . 15
remettre, - to put back (on), to replace,
to hand over, to postpone................. 56
remettre quelqu'un, - to recall ....... 56
remettre (se), - to recover.......................... 56
remettre (se), à, - to start again, to begin
again to.............................................56
remeubler, - to refurnish.............................. 6
remiser, - to put away, to put under
cover...................... 6
remiser (se), - to take cover......... 6
remmailler, - tomend. . ................... 6
remmailloter, - to swaddle again............. 6
remmancher, - to rehandle.......................... 6
remmener, - to take back............................ 9
remonter, - to go back up again,
to return, to reascend, to wind up
(watch), to give a boost (fam.)....... 6
re monte r ( se ), - to reco ver one's spirits . 6
remontrer, - to show again.......................... 6
remontrer (en), à, - to remonstrate
with ...................... 6
re m o rd re, - to bite again........................ 53
remorquer, - to tow .............. 6
remoudre, - to regrind ............ 74
remouiller, - to wet again............................. 6
rempailler, - to re-cane (chair)................ 6
rempaqueter, - to rewrap.......................... 11
rempiéter, - to re-foot ............ 10
rempiler, - to re-engage, to volunteer for
the second time round (fam.) ...... 6
remplacer, - to replace................................ 7
remplir, de, - to refill.................................. 19
remplir (se), de, - to fill up with ................. 19
remployer, - to use again.......................... 17
remplumer, - to get new feather.............. 6
remplumer (se), - to fill out again............ 6
rempocher, - to put backin pocket .... 6
rempoissonner, - to restock (fish)........... 6
remporter, - to take back, to win............. 6
rempoter, - to repot..................................... 6
remprunter, - to borrow again...................... 6
remuer, ) * . c
remuer (se) I to st,r. to move.................. 6
rémunérer, - to remunerate....................... 10
renâcler, à, - to show reluctance,
to shirk .............................................. 6
renaître, - to be reborn ........... D 65
no p.p. !
renauder (fam.), - to complain................ 6
rencaisser, - to rebox.................................. 6
rencarder (fam.), - to tip off......................... 6
renchaîner, - to tie up again........................ 6
renchérir, - to get dearer........................... 19
renchérir, sur, - to outdo............................ 19
rencogner, - to corner.................................. 6
rencogner (se), - to huddle up................ 6
rencontrer, - to meet.................................... 6
rencontrer (se), - to meet, to collide ... 6
rencontrer (se), sur, - to agree on/upon . 6
rendormir, - to put back to sleep ...............32
rendormir (se), - to go back to sleep ... 32
rendosser, - to put on again........................ 6
rendre, - to give back (to), to return,
to pay back (money), to yield (crop),
to vomit (fam.) ................................. 53
rendre (se), - to surrender .......... 53
rendre (se), à, - to go to, to give into. . . 53
renfa ite r, - to repair (roof)........................... 6
renfermer, - to contain................................. 6
renfermer (se), - to withdraw into
oneself............................................... 6
renfiler, - to restring, to put on again
(dothès).............................................. 6
renflammer, - to rekindle............................. 6
renfler, - to blow out.................................... 6
renfler (se), - to bulge out........................... 6
renflouer, - to refloat ............. 6
renflouer (se), - to recoup one's losses . 6
renforcer"(se)!fore/,f’ioree' to strengthen 7
renfrogner (se), - to scowl........................... 6
rengager (se)It0 re-en,ist- t0 engage 8
rengainer, - to sheathe, to harpon .... 6
rengorger (se), - to puff oneself up .... 8
re ng re ne r, - to regrain ............ 9
re ng ré ne r, - to refill with grain............. 10
renier, - to renounce.................................. 15
renifler, - to sniff, to sniff up . ..................... 6
renommer, - to rename .............................. 6
renoncer, à, - to renounce, to give up . 7
renouer, \ .. R
renouer (se) | to t,e up (knot) ..................... 6
renouer, avec, - to renew friendship
with ..................... 6
renouveler, - to renew............................... 11
renouveler (se), - to recur, to rejuvenate 11
rénover, - to rénova te................................. 6
renquÎÜer'(se) |<farn'> to pocket again 6
renseigner, - to inform,
renseigner (se), - to make inquiries . ... 6
rentabiliser, - to make profitable ................. 6
rentame r, - to begin again......................... 6
renter, - to endow........................................ 6
rentoiler, - to remount (picture).................. 6
rentrer, - to re-enter, to return to,
to regain (favour), to take in,
to repress, to take home, to itemize . . 6
rentrer dedans, (fam.) - to pitch into ... 6
rentrer (faire), - to call in.............................. 6
rentrouvrir, - to half-open again ...... 27
renvelopper, - to re wrap............................. 6
renvenimer, - to poison again..................... 6
renverser, - to spill, to knock over,
to reverse ................... 6
renverser (se), - to overturn (car),
to capsize (boat)................................ 6
re nv id er, - to wind on spool...................... 6
renvoyer, ) to send back,
renvoyer (se) J to dismiss, to refer to . . 18
ré occuper, - to reoccupy............................ 6
réopérer, - to reoperate............................. 10
réorchestrer, - to reorchestrate.................. 6
réordonner, - to order again........................ 6
réorganiser \t0 reorganize.................................. 6
réorganiser (se) > y
réorienter, > . c
réorienter (se) J to reonentate................... 6
repairer, - to spot......................................... 6
repaître, - to feed ......................................66
repaître (se), de, - to revel in, to feast
on..................................................... 66
répandre, - to spill, to shed,
répandre (se), - to spread out .................. 53
reparaître, - to reappear.............................64
réparer, - to repair....................................... 6
reparler, - to speak again (of)...................... 6
repartager, - to share out again ...... 8
repartir, - to set off again........................... 25
répartir, - to retort...................................... 19
répartir, - to share out, to distribute ... 19
répartir (se) en, - to be divided up into . . 19
repasser, - to iron, to pass again,
to cross over, to palm off, to sharpen
(knife), to resit (exam) ....................... 6
repasser (se), - to pass from hand to
hand................................................... 6
repatiner, - to skate again........................... 6
repaver, - to repave..................................... 6
repayer, - to repay............... 16
repêcher, - to fish out................................. 6
repeigner, | comb again............................. 6
repeigner (se) J "
repeindre, - to repaint............................... 57
rependre, - to rehang.................................53
repenser, à, - to think again of/about
to think over ................. 6
repentir (se), - to regret, to be sorry
(for).................................................. 25
repercer, - to pierce again .......... 7
répercuter, - to echo, to reverberate 6
reperdre, - to lose again.............................53
repérer, - to spot, to find............................ 10
repérer (se), - to find one's way around . 10
répertorier, - to itemize.............................. 15
répéter, - to repeat, to rehearse.............. 10
répéter (se), - to recur, to be repeated . . 10
repeupler, - to repopulate............................ 6
re pincer, - topinch again, to catch .... 7
repincer (se faire), (fam.) - to be
re-arrested......................................... 7
repiquer, - to restitch, to thin out
(plants), to pick up again.................... 6
repiquer (à), (fam.), - to start afresh ... 6
replacer, - to replace ............. 7
replanter, - to replant.................................. 6
replâtrer, - to re plaster................................ 6
repleuvoir, il - to rain again . . . ..................45
replier, - to fold up again, to withdraw
(troops)............................................ 15
replier (se), - tocurlup................................ 15
replier (se), sur soi-même, - to withdraw
into oneself...................................... 15
répliquer, - to reply...................................... 6
re plisser, - to pleat again ........................... 6
replonger, - to dive back.............................. 8
replonger (se), - to immerse oneself
again (in)............................................ 8
reployer, - to fold again............................. 17
repolir, - to repolish................................... 19
répondre, - to answer, to reply,
to respond, to meet.......................... 53
répondre, à, - to answer to........................ 53
répondre, de, - to answer for, to vouch . 53
répondre (se), - to answer, to respond. . 53
reporter, - to take back, to put off,
to defer, to transfer............................. 6
reporter (se), à, - to refer to......................... 6
reposer, - to rest, to put down again 6
reposer (se), - to rest, to rely (on) . ... . 6
repousser, ] to push away,
repousser (se) > to reject, to repel, ■ ■ ■ 6
reprendre, - to take back,
to recapture, to take up again,
to resume......................................... 54
reprendre (se), - to pull oneself together,
to correct oneself..............................54
représenter, - to represent,
to depict, to perform (play)............. 6
représenter (se), - to present oneself
again, to bring to mind, to imagine,
to recur 6
réprimander, - to reprimand........................ 6
réprimer, - to quell, to repress..................... 6
repriser, - to darn ........................................ 6
reprocher, - to reproach (for)....................... 6
reprocher (se), - to blame oneself........... 6
■reprocher (se) de, - to blame oneself for 6
reproduire, - to reproduce, to copy .... 82
reproduire (se), - to breed, to happen
again............................................... . . 82
reprographier, - to reproduce................... 15
réprouver, - to reprobate, to reject .... 6
républicaniser, - to republicanize........... 6
répudier, - to repudiate............................. 15
répugner, à, il - to revoit at, to be
reluctant to................................................. 6
réputer, - to repute, to be considered . . 6
requérir, - to ask for, to demand,
to claim..................................................... 24
6
réquisitionner, - to requisition................ 6
requitter, - to leave again........................... 6
resaler, > ,, . „
resaler (se) )foac^sa^f...................................... 6
resalir, - to dirty again............................... 19
resaluer, - to greet again ........... 6
rescinder, - to annul, to cancel................... 6
resequer, - to resect................................. 10
réserver, - to reserve, to keep.................... 6
réserver (se), - to bide one's time,
to keep for oneself...................................... 6
résider, - to reside...................................... 6
résigner, ) . c
résigner (se), à I lorestgnto.................... 6
résilier, - to cancel.................................... 15
résiner, - to resinate................................... 6
résister, à, - to resist.................................. 6
résonner, - to reverberate........................... 6
résorber'(se) It0brinSdowngradually . 6
résoudre, - to resolve, to settle (on) 72
résoudre (se), à - io make up one's
mind to .................... 72
respecter, - to respect ................................ 6
respecter (se), - to be respected, to be
self-respecting............................................ 6
respirer, - to breathe ............. 6
resplendir, - to shine................................. 19
resquiller, - to avoid paying........................ 6
ressaigner- to bleed again.......................... 6
ressaisir, - to recapture ........................... 19
ressaisir (se), - to regain one's self-
control ..................................................... 19
ressasser, - to hark................................... 6
ressauter, - to jump again.......................... 6
ressembler, à, - to ressemble..................... 6
ressembler (se), ■ to lookalike ....... 6
ressemeler, - to resole............................. 11
ressemer, - to resow.................................. 6
ressentir, - to feel, to resent......................25
ressentir (se), de - to show the
effects of................................................... 25
resserrer, - to tighten, to contract .... 6
resservir, - to serve again, to use again . 35
resservir, de, - to help oneself again
(food) ....................................................... 35
ressortir, - to leave again .......... 25
ressortir, à, - to pertain to......................... 19
ressouder, - to resolder ............................. 6
ressouder (se), - io join again..................... 6
ressouvenir (se), de, - to remember
again ...................... 23
ressuer, - to sweat again............................ 6
res(s)urgir, - to re-emerge......................... 19
ressusciter, - to ressuscitate....................... 6
ressuyer, - to wipe again .......................... 17
restaurer, - to restore ............. 6
restaurer (se), - to take some
refreshment........................................ 6
rester, à, - to stay, to remain ...................... 6
restituer, - to return, to refund (money) 6
restreindre, - to restrict, to limit..................57
restreindre (se), - to cut down (on) .... 57
restructurer, - to res true ture...................... 6
résulter, en, - io result in.......................D 6
= 3rd person
résumer, - to summarize............................. 6
résumer (se), - to sum up............................ 6
résumer (se), à, - to boil down to............ 6
rétablir, - to re-establish............................ 19
rétablir (se), - to recover............................ 19
retailler, - to recut........................................ 6
rétamer, - to re-silver................................... 6
retaper, - to do up, to buck up(fam.). . . 6
retaper (se), to get back on one's feet. . 6
retapisser, - to repaper................................ 6
retarder, - to delay, to lose (dock).... 6
retâter, - to feel again ................................. 6
reteindre, - to re-dye................................. 57
retendre, - to stretch again.........................53
retenir, - to hold back, to keep
back..................................................23
retenir (se), - to control oneself...............23
retenir (se), à - to hang on to.....................23
retenir (se), de - to refrain from ...... 23
retenter, - to try again.................................. 6
retentir, - to ring ............. ... 19
retirer, - to take off, to withdraw.............. 6
retirer (se), - to take leave........................... 6
retirer (se), de, - to retiré from................ 6
retisser, - to reweave.................................. 6
retomber, - to fall again............................... 6
retondre, - to shear again,
to mow again................................... 53
retordre, - to twist again............................ 53
rétorquer, - to retort ............. 6
retoucher, à, - to retouch............................. 6
retourner, - to return (to),............................ 6
retourner (se), - to overturn, to turn
over, to turn round............................. 6
retracer, - to re trace, to relate.................... 7
rétracter, ) _ c
rétracter (se) fforefracf....................................... 6
retraduire, - to retranslate..........................82
retrancher, - to substract (from),
to cut off............................................. 6
retrancher (se), - to dig in............................ 6
retranscrire, - to recopy..............................80
retransmettre, - to re transmit................. 56
retravailler, - to touch up, to start
a new job........................................... 6
retraverser, - to recross, to cross again 6
rétrécir, - to narrow, to take in................... 19
rétrécir (se) to shrink ............ 19
retremper, - to resoak, to reinvigorate . . 6
retremper (se), - to acquire new strength 6
rétribuer, - to pay......................................... 6
rétroagir, - to have a retroactive effect 19
rétrocéder, - to redimise............................ 10
rétrograder, - fo retrogress,
to retrograde...................................... 6
retrousser, „ c
retrousser (sel Jto h'tch UP't0 r0" UP ' 6
retrouver, - to meet again.............................6
retrouver (se), - to find again....................... 6
réunifier, - to reunify ............. 15
réunir, - to reunite, to gather, together . 19
réunir (se), - to gather, to merge
(societies), to have a get-together... 19
réussir, - to succeed.................................. 19
revacciner, - to revaccinate ........ 6
revancher (se), - to avenge......................... 6
rêvasser, - to daydream.............................. 6
réveiller, ) c
réveiller (se) jto wake up'to rouse ' ' • 6
réveillonner, - to have a midnight meal
(for Christmas and Ne iv Year's Eve) . 6
révéler, - tore veal, to disclose ...... 10
révéler (se), - to appear, to reveal one's
character.......................................... 10
revendiquer, - to daim ................................ 6
revendre, - to resell................................... 53
revenir, - to come back (to),
to return (to), to recover (from)......23
revenir, sur, - to go back on...................... 23
revenir, à, - to amount to............................23
revenir (s'en), - to return............................ 23
rêver, à, de, - to dream of............................ 6
réverbérer, - to reverberate ......... 10
réverbérer (se), - to send back.................. 10
reverdir, - to grow green again ...... 19
révérer, - to revere ................................... 10
reverser, - to pour out again, to shift,
to transfer.................................... . 6
revêtir, \
revêtir (se)!foob/?............................................ 26
re v I g o rer, - to in vigor a te...................... 6
revirer, - to turn around............................... 6
réviser, - to revise........................................ 6
re visiter, - to revisit..................................... 6
revisser, - to screw back ............................ 6
revitaliser, - to revitalize.............................. 6
revivifier, - to regenerate........................... 15
revivre, - to revive...................................... 76
revoir i
revoir (se) ) to see a9ain' to meet a9ain 39
révolter, 1 „
révolter (se) J to revolt, to rebel.............. 6
révolutionner, - to revolutionize,
to upset.............................................. 6
révolvériser, - to shoot with a revolver 6
révoquer, - to call off, to dismiss............. 6
revoter, - to vote again................................ 6
revouloir, - to want again............................48
révulser, - to disgust, to contort...... 6
rhabiller, \ c
rhabiller (se) J to dress egam...................... 6
rhumer, - to add rum................................... 6
ribouldinguer (fam.), - to go on a spree 6
ribouler, - to roll........................................... 6
ricaner, - fo sneer, to snigger...................... 6
ricocher, - fo rebound.................................. 6
rider, - fo wrinkle......................................... 6
rider (se), - to become wrinkled.............. 6
ridiculiser, - fo ridicule................................. 6
ridiculiser (se), - fo make a fool of oneself 6
rigoler, - fo laugh......................................... 6
rimailler, - fo dabble in verse-making... 6
rimer, - fo versify, to rhyme......................... 6
rincer, ) „ . -,
rincer (se) I tormse'to"nseout............................ 7
ringard er, - to poke (furnace)........ 6
ripailler, - to feast ............... 6
riper (fam.) - to scrape................................ 6
ripoliner, - to enamel ............. 6
riposter, à, - to retort, to counteract ... 6
rire, de, - to laugh at ........ ..... 79
rire (se), de, - to make light of,
to make fun of...................................79
risquer, - to risk........................................... 6
risquer, de, - to be likely.............................. 6
risquer (se), - to take a risk ......... 6
risquer (se), à, - to venture.................. 6
rissoler, - to brown .............. 6
ristourner, - to refund, to cadge............... 6
rivaliser, - to rival......................................... 6
river, - to rivet ................. 6
riveter, - to rivet ................ 11
robotiser, - to robotize................................. 6
roder, - to run in (car), to break in.......... 6
rôder, - to prowl, to hang about, to loiter 6
rogner, - to pare, to cut down, to trim 6
rognonner, - to grumble.............................. 6
roidir (se) if0 sf/77en..................................; ’ 19
romancer, - to embellish, to make into
a fiction.............................................. 7
romanisér, - to romanize............................. 6
rompreTlse) I to break off, to snap • • • 53
ronchonner, - to grumble .......... 6
rondir, - to make round.............................. 19
ronfler, - to snore......................................... 6
ronger, - to gnaw (at), to eat away (at) 8
ronger (se), ~ to be worried sick ...... 8
ronronner, - to purr..................................... 6
roser, - to make pink................................... 6
rosir, - fo blush.......................................... 19
rosser, - to thrash ............... 6
roter, - to belch............................................ 6
rôtir, - to roast............................................ 19
rôtir (se), - to scorch (sun)......................... 19
roucouler, - to coo....................................... 6
rouer, - to coil.............................................. 6
rouer, de, - to thrash ............. 6
rougeoyer, - to turn red, to glow............. 17
rougir, - to redden..................................... 19
rouiller, i . -
rouiller (se) I to rust, to go rusty ................. 6
rouir, - to steep (flax)................................. 19
rouler, - fo roll, to run (car), to roam,
to cheat (fam.) ................................... 6
rouler (se), - to turn over............................. 6
rouler (se les), (fam.) - to be idle............. 6
roulotter, - to roll a hem............................... 6
roupiller (fam.), - to snooze......................... 6
rouscailler (fam.), - to complain
(about)..................... 6
rouspéter (fam.), - to protest..................... 10
roussir, - to turn brown, to singe............. 19
roussir (faire), - to brown (in butter) ... 19
roustir (fam.), - to cheat............................. 19
router, - to route ................ 6
rouvrir, > .
rouvrir (se) J tore°Pen..................................... 27
ruba ner, - to ribbon.................................... 6
rucher, - to quill, to frill................................. 6
rudoyer, - to treat roughly.......................... 17
ruer, - to kich at, to lash out......................... 6
ruer (se), - to rush in ................................... 6
ruer (se), sur, - to fling oneself at............ 6
rugir, - to bellow ....................................... 19
ruiner, - to ruin................. 6
ruiner (se), - to ruin oneself, to go
bankrupt............................................. 6
ruisseler, - to stream down, to drip . . . . 11
ruminer, - to ruminate, to brood (over) 6
ruser, - to use trickery................................. 6
russifier, - to russify................................... 15
rustiquer, - to rusticate............ 6
rutiler, - to glow, to gleam red ....... 6
rythmer, - to put rhythm (into)................. 6
sabler, - to sand.......................................... 6
sablonner, - to scour with sand ...... 6
saborder, ) to shut down,
saborder (se) ) to scuttle (ship) ...... 6
saboter, - to sabotage ............ 6
sabouler, .
sabouler(se)lfo'osf/e'foscoW ■■••6
sabrer, - to slash 6
saccader, to/'erk.......................................... 6
saccager, to ransack, to pillage.............. 8
saccharifier, to saccharify.......................... 15
sa(c)quer(fam.), - tokick out.................... 6
sacraliser, - to make sacred........................ 6
sacrer, • to crown, to curse......................... 6
sacrifier, à, - to conform to........................ 15
sacrifier, > ...
sacrifier (se) I to sacrifice.......................... 15
safraner, - to flavour with saffron. ... . 6
saigner, - to bleed....................................... 6
saigner (se), - to sacrifice oneself (for) . 6
saillir, - to spurt out, to stand out . . . .D 29
= infinitive and 3rd persons
saillir, - to cover (mare) ........................D 19
= infinitive and 3rd persons
saisir, - to seize, to grab............................ 19
saisir (se), de, - to seize upon,
to grab at.......................................... 19
salarier, - to paya salary. ......................... 15
saler, -to salt................................................ 6
salir, - to dirty ................. 19
salir (se), - togetdirty................................. 19
saliver, - to sali va te.................................. 6
saloper, - to botch....................................... 6
salpêtrer, - to add saltpetre......................... 6
saluer \
saluer (se) Ji0 ®reef'f0 ss/ufe 6
SIEwl»«........................................................«
simuler, - to simulate................................... 6
singer, - to ape............................................ 8
singulariser, - to mark out........................... 6
singulariser (se), - to call attention
to oneself........................................... 6
siniser, - to make Chinese.......................... 6
siphonner, - to siphon................................. 6
siroter, -to sip.............................................. 6
situer, - to site, to locate.............................. 6
situer (se), - to be situated.......................... 6
skier, -to ski............................................... 15
slalomer, - to slalom.................................... 6
sla viser, - to make Slav-like....................... 6
smasher, - to smash................................... 6
snober, - to snub......................................... 6
socialiser, - to socialize............................... 6
socratiser, - to socratize.............................. 6
sodomiser, - to sodomize............................ 6
soigner - to treat, to nurse, to look
after................................................... 6
soigner (se), - to take care of oneself . . 6
solariser, - to undergo solarisation .... 6
solder, - to selloff, to balance.................. 6
solder (se), par, - to result in....................... 6
solenniser, - to solemnize........................... 6
solfier, - to sol- fa...................................... 15
solidariser, - to solid arize........................... 6
solidariser (se), avec, - to show
solidarity with..................................... 6
solidifier, ) ..... r-
solidifier {Se)\tosolldlfy................................... 15
soliloquer, - to monologue, to talk to
oneself........................................ . 6
solliciter, - to request, to apply for (job)
to solicit.............................................. 6
solubiliser, - to make soluble....................... 6
solutionner, - to solve.................................. 6
somatiser, - to make somatic.................. 6
sombrer, dans, - to sink in, to be
engufed in......................................... 6
sommeiller, - to doze................................... 6
sommer, - to summon ............................... 6
somnoler, - to drowse.................................. 6
sonder, - to sound....................................... 6
songer, à, - to dream of, to imagine ... 8
sonnai 11er, - to ring on and on........ 6
sonner, - to ring, to chime, to sound . . 6
sonoriser, - to add sound-effects .. ... 6
sophistiquer, - to sophisticate................. 6
sortir, - to go out, to leave, to expel,
to come out (film) ............. 25
sortir, - to take effect.............................D 19
(Law)
= 3rd person
sortir (se), de, - to get out of . ....................25
soubresauter, - to leap................................ 6
soucier, - to cause worry .......... 15
soucier (se), de, - to care about,
to worry about ................................. 15
souder (se) I foso/<^e/'i0've/<^.............................. 6
soudoyer, - to bribe................................... 17
souffler, - to blow, to prompt................... 6
souffler (à), - to trick out of.......................... 6
souffleter, - to slap (in the face) ...... 11
sôu/frir'se) I tosuffer' to endure .... 27
soufrer, - to sulphur..................................... 6
souhaiter, - to wish . 6
souiller, - to soil................ 6
soulager, - to relieve, to soothe .................. 8
soulager (se), - to relieve oneself,
to relie ve one's feelings.................... 8
soûler, - to surfeit........................................ 6
soûler (se), - to get drunk............................ 6
soulever, - to lift up, to arouse................. 9
soulever (se), - to rise................................. 9
souligner, - to underline ........... 6
soumettre, à, - to subdue.......................... 56
soumettre (se) à, - to submit to............... 56
soumissionner, - to tender........................... 6
soupçonner, - to suspect............................. 6
souper, - to have supper .......... 6
souper (de), (fam,), - to have
enough of........................................... 6
soupeser, - to try the weight (of)............. 9
soupirer, - to sigh, to long (for)............... 6
souquer, - to haul, to pull away (at) ... 6
sourciller, - to frown, to wince................. 6
sourdre, - to spring (water), to result,
to arise..................... D
= sourd
sourdent,
sourdait,
saourdaient
and infinitive
sourire, à, - to smile at, to appeal to . . . 79
sourire, de, - to smile of............................. 79
sous-alimenter, - to underfeed.................... 6
souscrire, à, - to subscribe.........................80
sous-entendre, - to imply .......... 53
sous-estimer, - to underestimate..................6
sous-évaluer, - to undervalue................. 6
sous-ex poser, - to underexpose............ 6
sous-louer, - to sub-let................................ 6
sous-tendre, - to subtend.......................... 53
sous-titrer, - to subtitle............................ 6
soustraire, - to substract, to withraw 61
soustraire (se), à, - to avoid, to back
out of.................................................61
sous-traiter, - to subcontract....................... 6
sou ta ch er, - to braid................................. 6
soutenir, - to sustain, to support.............23
soutenir (se), - to maintain oneself,
to support oneself.............................23
soutirer, - to draw off, to tap, to get
out of (money).................................... 6
souvenir, )
souvenir (se) J to remember................... 23
soviétiser, - to sovietize............................... 6
spatialiser, - to spatialize............................. 6
spécialiser, \ ... o
spécialiser (se) \to specahze.................. 6
spécifier, - to specify................................. 15
spéculer, sur, - to speculate on............... 6
spiritualiser, - to spiritualize ........................ 6
splitter, - to split........................................... 6
spolier, - to despoil.................................... 15
spolier, de, - to deprive of.......................... 15
sprinter, - to sprint .............. 6
stabiliser, e
stabiliser (se) I tostabthze........................... 6
staffer, - to construct in staff................... 6
stagner, - to stagnate ................................. 6
staliniser, - to stalinize................................ 6
standardiser, - to standardize................. 6
stationner, - to park, to stop, to stand 6
statuer, - to decree . .................................. 6
statuer sur, - to pronounce
judgment on....................................... 6
statufier, - to erect a statue (to)............... 15
sténographier, - to write in shorthand . . 15
sté notyper, - to sténotype .......................... 6
stéréotyper, - to stereotype ........................ 6
sté rer, - to measure by the stere . ... . 10
stériliser, - to sterilize.................................. 6
stigmatiser, - to stigmatize.......................... 6
stimuler, - to stimulate, to spur................ 6
stipendier, - to hire (the services of) . . . 15
stipuler, - to stipulate................................... 6
stocker, - to stock ................ 6
stopper, - to stop ........................................ 6
stranguler, - to strangle............................... 6
stratifier, - to stratify................................... 15
striduler, - to chirr........................................ 6
strier, - to flute, to scratch, to streak... 15
stripper, - to strip......................................... 6
structurer, - to structure ........... 6
stupéf aire, - to stupefy............................... D
= stupéfait, e,
and compound tenses
stupéfier, - to astound, to bemuse . . . . 15
stuquer, - to stucco .............. 6
sty I er, - to train, to school.......................... 6
styliser, - to stylize....................................... 6
subdéléguer, - to subdelegate................ 10
subdiviser, - to subdivide............................. 6
subir, - to undergo, to go through,
to put up with ................ 19
subir (faire), - to put through, to submit
(to)................................................... 19
subjuguer, - to subjugate, to subdue ... 6
sublimer, - to sublimate............................... 6
submerger, - to submerge........................... 8
subodorer, - to suspect ........... 6
subordonner, - to subordinate................ 6
subordonner (se), - to submit to authority 6
suborner, - to suborn, to tamper (with) 6
subroger, - to subrogate.............................. 8
subsister, - to subsit.................................... 6
substantiver, - to use as a noun.............. 6
substituer, à, - to substitute to..................... 6
substituer (se), à, - to substitute for .. . 6
subtiliser, - to subtilize, to sneak............. 6
subvenir, à, - to provide for........................23
subventionner, to subsidize........................ 6
subvertir, - to subvert................................ 19
succéder, à, - to succeed, to follow
after.................................................. 10
succéder (se), - to follow one another . . 10
succomber, à, - to succumb to,
to die of. to fall................................... 6
sucer, ) „ , -7
sucer (se) )
suçoter, - to suck at..................................... 6
sucrer, - to sugar......................................... 6
sucrer (se), - to help oneself to sugar,
to profit (fam.).................................... 6
suer, - to sweat........................................... 6
suffire, il, de, à, - to be enough,
to su ffice......................................... 81
il suffit ! - enough of that! .......... 81
il suffit de, - it is enough to ......... 81
suffire, à, - to suffice to...............................81
suffire (se), à soi-même - to be self-
sufficient ...........................................81
suffixer, - to suffix........................................ 6
suffoquer, - to suffoca te .......... 6
suggérer, - to suggest............................... 10
suggestionner, - to produce effect
of suggestion (upon).......................... 6
s u i c id er ( se ), - to commi t suicide.... 6
suif(f)er, - to tallow,..................................... 6
suinter, - to seep, to ooze........................... 6
suivre, - to follow, to attend (course),75
suivre (se), - to follow in the right order,
to be consistent............... 75
sulfater, - to sulphate.................................. 6
sulfurer, - to sulphurize ......... . . 6
superfinir, - to superfinish.......................... 19
superposer, ) ~ a
superposer (se) I tosupenmpose............ 6
superviser, - to supervise............................ 6
supplanter, - to supplant............................. 6
suppléer, à, - to make up for,
to take the place of.......................... 13
supplémenter, - to supplement............... 6
supplicier, - to execute (criminal)............ 15
supplier, - to implore ................................ 15
supporter, - to bear, to endure,
to support (sport)............................... 6
supposer, - to suppose, to imply,
to assume......................................... 6
supprimer, - to suppress, to abolish,
to remove................... 6
supprimer (se), to commit suicide .... 6
suppurer, - to suppurate ........... 6
supputer, - to calculate................................ 6
surabonder en, - to be glutted with .... 6
surajouter, - to superadd............................. 6
suralimenter, - to overfeed.......................... 6
suranner, - to become old-fashioned... 6
surbaisser, - to depress, to drop............ 6
surcharger | ............ 8
surcharger (se) )
surchauffer, - to overheat............................ 6
surclasser, - to outclass.............................. 6
surcomprimer, - to surcompress............ 6
surcontrer, - to redouble (cards)............ 6
surcouper, - to overtrump (cards).......... 6
surdorer, - to double-gild............................. 6
surédifier, - to build over............................ 15
surélever, - to heighten............................... 9
surenchérir, - to overbid, to go
one better........................................ 19
surentraîner, - to over-train......................... 6
suréquiper, - to o verequip .......... 6
surestimer, - to overestimate ...................... 6
surévaluer, - to overvalue............................ 6
surexciter, - to overexcite............................ 6
surexposer, - to overexpose........................ 6
surfacer, - to surface................................... 7
surfaire, - to overestimate .........................62
surfer, - to surf............................................. 6
surfiler, - to overcast, to seam in........... 6
surgeler, - to deep-freeze.......................... 12
surgeonner, - to sucker............................... 6
surgir, - to rise, to loom up........................ 19
surgir (faire), - to call forth......................... 19
surglacer, - to ice, to glaze.......................... 7
su rhausser, - to heighten.......................... 6
surimposer, - to superimpose...................... 6
surimposer (se), - to overtax....................... 6
suriner (fam.), - to stab ............................... 6
surir, - to turn sour............... 19
surjeter, - to overcast (seam).................... 11
surmener }t0 overwork................................. g
surmener (se) )
surmonter, - to surmount, to overcome
to rise above...................................... 6
surmouler, - to retread................................. 6
surnager, - to float on the surface,
to survive........................................... 8
surnommer, - to name, to nickname ... 6
suroxyder, - to overoxidize.......................... 6
surpasser, ) to surpass, to exceed. . 6
surpasser(se) ) M '
surpayer, - to overpay .............................. 16
surplomber, - to overhang........................... 6
surprendre, - to surprise .......... 54
surprendre (se), à, - to catch oneself
(doing).............................................. 54
surproduire, - to overproduce................. . . ■ 82
sursaturer, - to oversaturate........................ 6
sursauter, - to jump, to start........................ 6
sursauter (faire), - to startle ..................•. . 6
su rsemer, - to oversow ........... 9
surseoir, à, - to suspend, to delay........... 51
surtaxer, - to overtax ............. 6
surtondre, - to dip...................................... 53
surveiller, - to oversee, to supervise 6
surveiller (se), - to watch one's step ... 6
survenir, - to happen, to occur................23
survivre, à, - to survive...............................76
survoler, - to fly over..............•....... 6
survolter, - to step up, to boost ...... 6
susciter, - to raise up, to arouse............. 6
suspecter, - to suspect................................ 6
suspendre, à, - to suspend........................ 53
suspendre (se), - to hang from...............53
sustenter, - to sustain.................................. 6
sustenter (se), de, - to take
sustenance from .............. 6
susurrer, - to whisper.................................. 6
suturer, - to stitch up, to suture............... 6
swinguer, - to swing.................................... 6
syllaber, - to syllabify............. 6
symétriser, - to arrange symmetrically 6
symboliser, - to symbolise.......................... 6
sympathiser, - to sympathize.................. 6
synchroniser, - to synchronize................ 6
syncoper, - to syncopate, to amaze
(fam.) ..................... 6
syndicaliser, - to syndicate.......................... 6
syndiquer, - to unionize............................... 6
syndiquer (se), to form a trade union . . 6
synthétiser, - to synthetize ......... 6
syntoniser, - to tune in................................. 6
systématiser, - to systematize................ 6
tabasser (fam.), - to beat up, to hit .... 6
tabler, sur, - to reckon on, to count
on ........................ 6
tabuler, - to tabulate.................................... 6
tacher \ .
X.SC^^\tOSta,n'tOSUlly ........................................ 6
tâcher, de, - to try, to strive ........ 6
tacheter, - to speckle ............. 11
taillader, - to gash, to slash......................... 6
tailler, - to cut, to sharpen............................ 6
taillé pour, - cut out for................................ 6
tailler (se), (fam.), - to buzz off................ 6
taiœlse) I to keep silent............................. 63
taler, - to bruise (fruit).................................. 6
ta tocher, - to cuff....................................... 6
talonner, - to pursue closely........................ 6
talquer, - to talc........................................... 6
tambouriner, - to drum................................. 6
tamiser, - to sieve................................ . 6
tamponner, - to dab, to stamp................. 6
tamponner (se), de (fam.), - not to give
a damn............................................. 6
tancer, - to scold......................................... 7
tanguer, - topitch......................................... 6
tanner, - to tan, topester.............................. 6
tan(n)iser, - to treat with tannin...............
tapager, - to kick up a row.......................
taper, - to beat, to type, to hit,
CO 00
to hammer, to borrow (fam.)................... 6
taper (se), (fam.) - to put away.................... 6
taper (se), de, - not to care ......... 6
tapir (se), - to crouch................................. 19
tapisser, - to paper, to cover....................... 6
taponner, - to screw up............................... 6
tapoter, - to pat, to thrum, to tap................. 6
taquer, - toplane................ 6
taquiner, - to tease, to toy with.................... 6
taquiner (se), - to tease (oneanother) . . 6
tarabiscoter, - to add trimmings.................. 6
tarabuster, - to huff, to snub........................ 6
tarauder, - to thrash..................................... 6
tarder, à, il - to delay, to defer..................... 6
tarder à faire, - to put off doing.................... 6
tarer, - to spoil, to damage, to tare .... 6
se tarer, - to go bad ............. . 6
targuer (se), de, - to boast about................ 6
tarifer, - to fix price .............. 6
tarir, ) _
0 19
tarirlselP ™"^..............................................
tarmacadamiser, - to tarmac....................... 6
tartiner, - to spread, to ramble on
(fam.) ................................................. 6
tartir (fam.) - to annoy................................ 19
tasser, - to pack down, to cram,
to compress....................................... 6
tasser (se), - to subside, to crowd,
to settle down..................................... 6
tâter, to feel, to touch................................... 6
tâter, de, - to try one's hand at................ 6
tâter à, - to try ................. 6
tâter (se), - to be in two minds, to think
over, to feel (muscles) ....................... 6
tatillonner, - to niggle ............. 6
tâtonner, - to grope, to fumble about . . 6
tatouer, - to tattoo . :.................................... 6
taveler, ù ..
taveler (se) !ro^ec*/e...................................... 11
ta ve Iler, - to wind silk (on a reel)........... 6
taxer, -to tax .................. 6
tayloriser, - to organise work....................... 6
technocratiser, ) to make
technocratiser (se) ! technocratic .... 6
teindre, i
teindre (se) )to ^ye.....................................
teinter, - to tint ................. 6
teinter (se), de, - to become
tinged with....................................... 6
télécommander, - to operate by
remote control................................. 6
télécopier, - to transmit by telecopy ... 15
télégraphier, - to wire, to cable................ 15
téléguider, - to operate by T.V. control 6
té lé métrer, - to take range ......... 10
téléphoner, à, - to ring, to telephone 6
télescoper, - to smash up............................ 6
télescoper (se), - to collide.......................... 6
téléviser, - to televise.................................. 6
témoigner, - to testify, to show.................... 6
témoigner de, - to indicate........................... 6
ternpérer'(se), ii0 temPer' moderate 10
tempêter, - to rage, to fume......................... 6
temporiser, - to temporize, to put off
deliberately.................. 6
tenailler, - to rack, to gnaw ......... 6
tendre, - to tighten, to hang, to stretch,
to strain............................................ 53
tendre à, - to hold out, to drive at............ 53
tendre vers, - to tend to, to aim at .... 53
tendre (se), - to become taut, to become
strained............................................ 53
tqnir, - to hold, to occupy............................23
tenir à, - to care about, to hold on.............23
tenir de, - to take after............................... 23
tenir (en) pour, - to fancy............................23
tenir (se), - to remain, to behave,
to stand, to sit....................................23
tenir (se) à, - to hold on to......................... 23
tenir (s'en) à, - to keep to...........................23
ténoriser, - to sing tenor-part........ 6
tenter, - to tempt.......................................... 6
tenter de, - to try to, to attempt to ... . 6
tercer, - to tierce.......................................... 7
tergiverser, - to hum and haw.................... 6
terminer, - to terminate, to end.................. 6
terminer (se), - to come to an end............. 6
ternir, \ A
ternir (se) J tota'"'sh........................................ 19
terrasser, - to crush, to bring down,
to bank up (soil) ............... 6
terreauter, - to compost............................... 6
terrer, ) „ ,, .. â
terrer (se) fto crouc" down, to burrow . 6
terrifier, - to terrify ..................................... 15
terroriser, - to terrorize................................. 6
terser, - to tierce ........................................ 6
tester, - to test, to make out a will .... 6
tétaniser, - totetanize................................... 6
téter, - to suck ................ 10
texturer, - to texturize ............ 6
théâtraliser, - to dramatize........................... 6
thématiser, - to make thematic.................. 6
théoriser, - to theorize ............ 6
thésauriser, - to hoard (money)................. 6
tictaquer, - to tick......................................... 6
tiédir, - to cooldown................................... 19
fiercer, - to tierce......................................... 7
tigrer, - to stripe ................ 6
timbrer, - to stamp .............. 6
tinter, - to ring, to chime ........... 6
tintinnabuler, - to tinkle................................ 6
tiquer, - to twitch, to wince, to turn
a hair.................................................. 6
tirailler, - to pull about, to shoot in
disarray, to be torn between............. 6
tirebouchonner, - to cur!up, to twist. . . 6
tirebouchonner (se), (fam.), - to guffaw 6
tirer, - to pull out, to draw (sword),
to fire (gun), to print............................ 6
tirer (se), de, - to get out of.......................... 6
tirer (s'en), - to make a good/bad job
(of), to come out................................. 6
tisonner, - to poke........................................ 6
tisser, - to weave........................................ 6
titiller, - to titillate......................................... 6
titrer, - to confer a title on, to show
alcool content ................
tituber, - to stagger..................................
titulariser, - to confirm in (job).................
toaster, - to toast.....................................
toiler, - to mount on canvas ...................
toiletter,- to groom .............
toiser, - to eye from head to foot,
0)0)0 0)0)0)
to measure.................................................. 6
tolérer, - to tolerate.................................... 10
tomber, - to fall, to fall down, to drop,
to subside, to fail................................ 6
tomber à bas, de, - to fall off from .... 6
tomber dans, - to fall into............................. 6
tomber sur, - to pitch into............................ 6
tomber (faire), - to knock over................. 6
tomber (laisser), - to drop............................ 6
tomer, - to divide into parts.......................... 6
tondre, - to shear, to cut (grass)..............53
tonifier, - to tone up................................... 15
tonitruer, - to thunder................................... 6
tonner, il, - to thunder............. ................... 6
ton surer, - to tonsure.................................. 6
toper, - to agree........................................... 6
toquer, - to rap............................................. 6
toquer (se) de, - to lose one's head over 6
torcher, - to wipe clean, to botch . ... . 6
torcher (se), - to wipe oneself ....... 6
torcher (se) de, - not to care a
damn about........................................ 6
torchonner, - to scour, to do
a botched-up job................................ 6
tordre, - to wring, to twist,
to contort.......................................... 53
tordre (se), - to sprain, to be doubled up
with laughter (fam.) ............ 53
toréer, - to fight a bull................................ 13
torpiller, - to torpedo, to sink ........ 6
torréfier, - to roast (coffee)........................ 15
torsader, - to twist........................................ 6
tortiller, > _ _ . . . .. c
tortiller tsei \ to tw/st, to wr/ggle................. 6
tortorer (fam.), - to eat................................. 6
torturer, ). . _ .. .c
torturer (se) )to torture-t0 torment 6
totaliser, - to total......................................... 6
toucher, - to touch, to finger, to affect,
to concern, to get (money) ................ 6
toucher à, - to adjoin, to be dose to,
to concern.......................................... 6
toucher (se), - to adjoin, to meet............. 6
touiller, - to stir............................................. 6
tourber, - to peat.......................................... 6
tourbillonner, - to swirl................................. 6
tourmenter, - to torment.......... 6
tourmenter (se), - to distress oneself,
to worry.............................................. 6
tournailler, - to prowl ............. 6
tournebouler, - to put in a whir!............... 6
tourner, - to turn, to shape (day),
to shoot (film) ................ 6
tourner, à, - to turn to ................................. 6
tourner (se) vers ) to turn
tourner (se) du côté de J towards ... 6
tourner (se) contre, - to turn against ... 6
tournicoter, - to wander up and down 6
tourniller, - to wander................................... 6
tourniquer, - to wanderup and down . . 6
tournoyer, - to whirl, to spin ........ 17
toussailler, - to keep on coughing........... 6
tousser, - to cough....................................... 6
toussoter, - to hem...................................... 6
tracasser, > ...
tracasser (se) Jf0 worrY't0 bother ' ■ ' 6
tracer, - to trace, to lay out, to draw 7
trader, - to tow............................................. 6
traduira en | t0 translate into .................................... 82
traduire (se) )
trafiquer, - to alter, to adulterate.............. 6
trafiquer, de, - to dealin, to trade in . . . 6
trahir, - to betray, to misrepresent.... 19
trahir (se), - to reveal ............. 19
traînailler, ) a
traînailler (se) |iodawdte..................................... 6
traînasser, - to dawdle ............ 6
traîner, - to drag, to putt, to trail............... 6
traîner (se),- to crawl along......................... 6
traire, - to milk ................. 61
traiter, - to treat, to negotiate....................... 6
traiter en, - to treat as.................................. 6
traiter de, - to call, to concern................. 6
traiter avec, - to deaf with............................ 6
traiter (se), - to be negotiated...................... 6
tramer, i _
tramer (se) J to weave (plot)....................... 6
trancher, - to slice, to settle,
to contrast.......................................... 6
tranquilliser, - to reassure............................ 6
tranquilliser (se), - to calm down............. 6
transbahuter, ) to shift, to lug along
transbahuter (se) ) (fam.)............................ 6
transborder, to transfer................................ 6
transcender, - to transcend......... 6
transcrire, - to transcribe .......... 80
transférer, - to transfer............ 10
transfigurer, Yto transfigure,
transfigurer (se) J to change (into). ... 6
transfiler, - to bring two pieces
together.................... 6
transformer, en, - to change into,
to turn into, to convert (sport)......... 6
transformer (se), - to be transformed . . 6
transfuser, - to transfuse................... 6
transgresser, - to transgress....................... 6
transhumer, - to move to new pastures 6
transiger, - to compromise........................... 8
transiger avec, - to come to terms
with .................................................... 8
transiger sur, - to palter with........................ 8
transir, - to benumb, to paralyze............. 19
transistoriser, - to transistorize................ 6
transiter, - to be in transit, to convey
in transit...................................................... 6
transmettre, \
transmettre (se))^^“ 0/7................................. 56
transmigrer, - to transmigrate.................. 6
transmuer, - to transmute (into)................. 6
transmuter, - to transmute (into)................ 6
transparaître, - to show through.................64
transpercer, - to transfix.............................. 1
transpirer, - to perspire, to transpire ... 6
transplanter, ) to transplant, to carry
transplanter (se) ) away..........................
transporter, - to carry..............................
transporter (se), - to take oneself off. . .
transposer, - to transpose .........
transsubstantier, - to transubstantiate 1
transsuder, - to ooze through..................
transvaser, - to decant ...........
transvider, - to pour into another
co co co co io co co
container ................. . . 6
traquer, - to track down............................... 6
traumatiser, - to traumatize ........................ 6
travailler, à, ) . . ..,n o
travailler (se) It0 work on’ to ,abour 6
vieillir, - to age........................................... 19
vieillir (se), - to make oneself look older 19
vieller, - to play the hurdy-gurdy ................. 6
vilipender, - to re vile .................................. 6
villégiaturer, - to be on holiday. . . ... . 6
vinaigrer, - to season with vinegar .... 6
viner, - to add alcohol.................................. 6
vinifier, - to convert into wine...................... 15
violacer, ) * . -»
violacer (se) \ to turn purple......................... 7
violenter, - to assault, to batter................ 6
violer, - to rape, to transgress................. 6
violoner, - toplay in violin . .......................... 6
virer, - to turn, to give the sack (fam.) . . 6
virevolter, - to twirl around........................... 6
virguler, - to punctuate with commas . . 6
viriliser, - to make manly.............................. 6
viser, à, - to aim at, to relate to,
to allude to......................................... 6
visionner, - to view....................................... 6
visiter, - to visit............................................ 6
visser, - to screw (on) ................................. 6
visualiser, - to visualize............................... 6
vitrer, - to glaze ........................................... 6
vitrifier, - to vitrify ............... 15
vitrioler, - to vitriolize, to insult................. 6
vitupérer contre, - to rant and
rave about................ 10
vivifier, - to invigorate................................ 15
vivoter, - to struggle along........................... 6
vivre, de, - to live on.................................. 76
vocaliser, - to vocalize................................. 6
vociférer, - to vociferate............................. 10
voguer, - to sail............................................ 6
voiler, - to veil, to warp ............................... 6
voiler (se), - to wear a veil, to mist over
(weather)............................................ 6
voir, - to see, to see (to).............................39
voir (faire), - to show, to point out .... 39
voir (se), - to find oneself/itself...................39
voisiner, - to be neighbourly, to be
placed side by side............................. 6
voiturer, - to convey..................................... 6
volatiliser, - to volatilize............................... 6
volatiliser (se), - to disappear...................... 6
volcaniser, - to bring to volcanic state 6
voler, - to fly, to steal, to rob........................ 6
voler (faire), - to send flying ........................ 6
voleter, - to flutter...................................... 11
volter, - to make a horse circle................ 6
voltiger, - to flutter about............................. 8
vomir, - to vomit....................................... 19
voter, - to vote.............................................. 6
vouer à, - to vow, to dedicate to.............. 6
vouer (se), à, - to devote oneself to . . . 6
vouloir'se) I to want, to wish ...... 48
vouloir (en), à, - to have something
against..............................................48
vouloir dire, - to mean.................................48
BESCHERELLE
12000
FRENCH VERBS
• Complete reference guide
to French verb use
• Conjugation tables for French
verbs in all tenses
• French-English index of 12000 verbs
Consult the index to find the model for
the verb you wish to conjugate.
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