GNS 307 anwered

Questions

1. Intergovernmental relations could be viewed as ______ (a) An objective which a

country intends to achieve (b) a relationship that exist among the media, legislature and
the masses (c) an interaction among the security agencies (d) a necessary engagement
that exist among various levels of government which foster the relaxation of the state
objectives

2. ________ set the machinery for decentralized system which by extension serves as the
hallmark of intergovernmental relations in Nigeria. (a) the 1914 Colonial and Clifford
1922 constitutions (b) The 1946 Richard and 1951 Macpherson constitutions (c) The
1979 and 1999 constitutions (D) The 1922 Clifford and 1954 Littleton constitutions

3. Intergovernmental Relations does not exists at all under the military government. (a)
False (b) True

4. Nigeria understanding of intergovernmental relations could be seen as ____ (a)

representative inclusive (b) inclusive (c) competitive (d) collaborative

5. Country’s historical experience influence intergovernmental relations. (a) false (b) true

6. Federal-state-local government relations model of IGRs characterized______ (a) the

1998 regime (b) the 1954 regime (c) the 1946 regime (d) the 1979 regime

7. IGRs ensure a close alliance among the authorities in power (a) True (b) False

8. The principle of intergovernmental relations is well entrenched under a _____ (a)

Monarchism (b) democratic system (c) unitary system (d) dictatorial system

9. The idea of intergovernmental relations is a major ingredient in the contemporary

______ (a) alliance (b) leadership (c) governance (d) settlement

10. Within the confine of intergovernmental relations, the followings are the symbols of
authority in their various level (a) Senator-Governor (b) Lawyers-Solicitors-Chairman
(c) president-Governor –Chairman (d) Councilor-Bureaucrats

11. The ______ of intergovernmental relationship depends on the peculiar circumstance of

each society. (a) problem (b) funding (c) management (d) structure

12. The new train of intergovernmental relations in Nigeria arrived in ______ (a) 1960 (b)
1999 (c) 2015 (d) 2007

13. All these are characteristics of intergovernmental relations Excepts _______ (a) Political
actors (b) Trade union (c) Government (d) Law

14. Since 1999, Nigeria has been operating overlapping type of intergovernmental relations
(a) False (b) true

15. When passionately adopted, overlapping IGRs model facilitates development in the
country (a) False (b) True
16. The rule by Decree made intergovernmental relation less pronounced under the military
arrangement. (a) True (b) False

17. Within the context of intergovernmental relations, the relationship is between ______
(a) Legislative, executive and Judiciary (b) The executive an legislation arm of
government (c) Political parties, independent elector commission (INEC) and Civil
servants (d) The Federal, Central and national government and the major sub-national
units (province, Region and state)

18. The cooperation between the Lagos and kebbi State government on the production of
rice is a good example of _____ (a) Cooperative intergovernmental relations (b)
verticalized intergovernmental relations (c) radicalized intergovernmental relations (d)
competitive intergovernmental relations

19. Between 1954 – 1966, Nigeria adopted ______ IGRs model (a) Bargaining (b) inclusive
(c) separate (d) join

20. During the colonial era, there was a relationship between ______ (a) Traditional rulers
and government officials (b) Bureacrats and the Native Authority (c) Colonial master
and the Native Authority (d) the Governor-general and the citizens

21. The picture below represents ______

State/Regional
Government
National/Federal
Local Government
Government

22. Harmonious model relationship (b) Separate intergovernmental relation model (c)
Extensive intergovernmental relation model (d) Overlapping intergovernmental relation
model

23. Intergovernmental relations is hardly static (a) False (b) True

24. Intergovernmental relations are capable of ______ (a) Promotion peace and harmony
among the three levels of government (b) conduct free and credible elections (c)
ensuring international understanding (d) delivering political judgments

25. Intergovernmental relations help to solve the problem of rural-urban poverty, ignorant
and solving the problem of the people (a) not at all (b) true (c) none of the above (d)
false

26. ________ 1983 defined intergovernmental relations (a) Adamolekun (b) Obasanjo (c)
Buhari (d) Soyinka

27. Communication among the tiers of government is vital to ensure _______ (a) Effective
regulation of governmental activates (b) Hitch free transfer on function and responsivity
amongst tiers of government (c) effectiveness and efficiency service delivery
28. Intergovernmental relations have gained more prominence on the wake of _______ in
Nigeria (a) democratic governance (b) parliamentary governance (c) elite governance
(d) unitary governance

29. Analysis of intergovernmental relations within of federal administration system must

cover the relationship between _______ (a) state-federal-local (b) Federal-local-state
(c) Local-federal-state (d) Federal-State-Local

30. ________ is another important element of intergovernmental relations, which simply

centered on communication that takes place between and among the levels of
government. (a) Public relation Officers (b) International Organisations (c) Ministry of
communication (d) Interaction

31. Intergovernmental relations enhance the emergence of cooperation rather than

competitive federalism (a) true (b) false (c) not at all (d) none of the above

32. The picture below represents_______

National State

Local

33. Separate intergovernmental relation model (b) Inclusive intergovernmental relations

model (c) overlapping intergovernmental relation model (d) Co-operative
intergovernmental relation

34. Intergovernmental relations hardly facilitate development under colonial rule because it
was packaged to ______ (a) allocate responsibilities (b) maintain law and order (c)
shared resources (d) mobilize the citizens

35. Intergovernmental relations minimize inter-jurisdictional conflict is more prominent in

the state-local relations. (a) not at all (b) true (c) none of the above (d) false

36. All political office holders are trained intergovernmental relations experts. (a) true (b)
false

37. How governmental at various levels relates is enshrined in the _______ (a) Treaties
entered to by the country (b) party manifesto (c) constitution (d) National Dailies

38. Following the introduction of indirect rule system by the colonialists, the seed of ____
was carefully sowed in Nigeria. (a) privatization (b) decentralization (c) democratization
(d) decolonization

39. Intergovernmental Relations is synonymous with principle of interdependence (a) False

(b) True

40. The judiciary adopts the principles of intergovernmental relations to settle dispute. (a)
true (b) false
41. The history of regionalism was traced to the _____ (a) 1922 Constitution (b) 1933
Constitution (c) 1999 Constitution (d) 1946 Constitution

42. Intergovernmental relations create greater obstacles to national integration through the
activities of the levels government. (a) False (b) true (c) none of the above (d) not at
all

43. Our understanding of intergovernmental relations must be connected on the realization

that it stabilizes _____ (a) Military system (b) Tyranny (c) Democratic system (d)
Traditional system

44. In the literature of local government in Nigeria, the twin concepts of decentralization
and de-concentration are commonly used. (a) true (b) false

45. The idea of ensuring a conducive coordinative and mutual relationship and co-existence
among the tiers of government in a political system is a principle of _____ (a) Judicial
system (b) Intergovernmental relations (c) party system (d) democratic process

46. Separate intergovernmental relation model among levels of government. (a)

Independent (b) Supremacy (c) Autonomy (d) Conflict

47. A self-reliant economy is achievable through the instrumentality of _____ (a) rule of law
(b) Decree (c) intergovernmental relations (d) by-law

48. Intergovernmental relations hinder effective and efficient utilization of available human
and material resource among various levels of government. (a) True (b) false (c) not at
all (d) none of the above

49. ________ arm of government largely involves in intergovernmental relations. (a) the
Legislative (b) the Executive (c) the Judicial (d) the Media

50. Element of ‘government’ is important in defining intergovernmental relations (a) True

(b) false

51. A shift from _____ to the federal arrangement in Nigeria brought about fundamental
changes in the nature of intergovernmental relationship among the various levels of
government. (a) a democratic system (b) a parliamentary system (c) a traditional
system (d) a unitary system

52. One of the following is a rationale for intergovernmental relations (a) it enhances the
emergence of cooperation rather than competition in federalism (b) it serves as a
mechanism of political socialization (c) it reduces level of corruption in the society (d) it
brings government closer to the people

53. The picture below represents___

Federal Government

State Government

Local
Government
54. Inclusive intergovernmental relation model (b) Co-operatie intergovernmental relation
model (c) Separate intergovernmental relation model (d) overlapping
intergovernmental relations model

55. No matter how democratic a political system is, it can never be a flat organization (a)
True (b) False

56. Intergovernmental relations were a closed system under the indirect rule arrangement
because the primary concern was ______ (a) to build a strong economic system (b)
selection of few political office holders (c) to secure political independence (d) the
maintenance of laws and order

57. The Concept of intergovernmental relations is associated states having_____ (a) Unitary
system (b) Two party system (c) Federal administrative system (d) a multi-party
system

58. The philosophy of intergovernmental relations entrenched togetherness in a social

formation (a) true (b) false

59. Overlapping/bargaining IGR model largely symbolize? (a) Cooperation and consultations
(b) disintegration among the levels of government (c) competition among the three
levels of government (d) confrontation among the layers of government

60. Intergovernmental relations clearly distinct from legal, political and administrative
relationship established among units of government and which possess varying degree
of authorities and jurisdictional autonomy (a) not at all (b) false (c) none of the above
(d) true

61. The rearrangement of intergovernmental relation must be through a constitutional

amendment _____ (a) involving former head of states and presidents (b) Involving both
levels of government (c) involving major political parties (d) involving international
non-governmental organisations

62. All these are typologies of intergovernmental relations EXCEPT (a) separate IGR model
(b) inclusive IGR model (c) overlapping/bargaining IGR model (d) rationalize IGR model

63. The three typologies of the concept of IGRs was propounded by ______ (a) Chinua
Achede (1982) (b) Dell Wright (1978) (c) Joe Badin (d) Adamolekun (1980)

64. This may be considered as an element of intergovernmental relations (a) tenure (b)
Structure (c) age (d) academic qualification

65. A good intergovernmental relations facilitates development (a) false (b) true

66. Within the contest of intergovernmental relations, the relationship is between (a)
Political parties, Independent electoral commission (INEC) and Civil Servants (b) The
federal, central or national government and the major sub-national units (province,
Region or state) (c) Legislative, Executive and judiciary (D) The executive and legislative
arm of government
67. Nigerian understanding of intergovernmental relations could be seen as ____ (a)
representative (b) collaborative (c) competitive (d) inclusive

68. _______ defined intergovernmental relations as a system of transactions of behavior

patterns among managers of hierarchically structured levels of government in a state (a)
Malkin (b) Robert (c) Obi (d) Olugbemi

69. Overlapping intergovernmental relation model among levels of governmental indicate

(a) Cooperatie (b) Autonomy (c) Supremacy (d) Conflict

70. The separate, the bargaining and the inclusive models of intergovernmental relations
have been practices in Nigeria. (a) true (b) false

71. Largely, developed and highly democratized democracies operate

overlapping/bargaining model of intergovernmental relations (a) false (b) true

72. One of the factors that influence intergovernmental relations in Nigeria is ____ (a)
Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs (b) Attorney-General of the Federation and
Minster of justice (c) the Constitution (d) the role of personnel/office holders
(Bureaucrats)

73. Military system is synonymous with centralization (a) false (b) true

74. _______arm of governmental largely involves in intergovernmental relations (a) the

legislative (b) the judicial (c) the Executive (d) the media

75. An example of State-Local relations in IGR is ____ (A) National Assembly is authorized to
approve the creation of new local government (b) Appointment of transition
implementation committee (TIC) (c) Creation of state police (d) State government
control Local government budget and plans through the House of Assembly

76. An example of Federal-Local relations in IGR is _______(a) Constitutional recognition for

local government section 7(1) (b) Conduct of election into local government (c)
Creation of office of the Accountant general for local government (d) Establishment of
national youth service corps

77. Communication is central whenever the issue of _____ is raised (a) rule of Law (b)
politics (c) Intergovernmental Relations (d) Separation of power

78. __________ is one of the element of intergovernmental relations (a) Law (b) war (c)
loyalty (d) Interests

79. Intergovernmental relations hardly facilitate development under colonial rule because it
was package to _____ (a) maintain law and order (b) allocate responsibilities (c) shared
resources (d) mobilize the citizens

80. The idea of ensuring a conductive coordinative and mutual relationship and co-existence
among the tiers of government in a political system is a principle of _______ (a)
democratic process (b) judicial system (c) party system (d) intergovernmental relations

81. An example of Federal-Local relations in IGR is ______ (a) Establishment of National

Orientation Agency (b) Establishment of N-Power programme (c) Membership of
Council of State (d) the 4th schedule highlighted /list function of local government
82. The communication that takes place among the levels of government in modern era is
called intergovernmental relations (A) true (b) false

83. One of the factors that influence intergovernmental relations in Nigeria is (a) NGO’s (b)
Political parties (c) INEC (d) the Political environment

84. Intergovernmental relations encourages muscle-flexing among the political actors (a)
false (b) true

85. A Shift from ____ to the federal arrangement in Nigeria brought about fundamental
changes in the nature of intergovernmental relationship among the various of
government (a) a democratic system (b) a parliamentary system (c) a traditional system
(d) a unitary system

86. One of the strands of intergovernmental relations is _______ (a) Unitary system (b)
executive, Legislator and judiciary (c) Federal system (d) Federal-State-Local relations

87. An example of State-Local relations in IGR is ____ (A) Appointment of transition

implementation committee (TIC) (b) Creation of state police (c) power of remove,
dissolve local government by the state government. (d) National Assembly is authorized
to approve the creation of new local government

88. The kind of political arrangement put in place largely influence and determine the
relationship that exist among _____ (a) parties in government (b) media practitioners
(c) Staff in the ministry (d) level of government

89. The judiciary adopt the principle of intergovernmental relations to settle dispute (a)
true (b) false

90. The relationship in intergovernmental relation can be ______ (a) horizontal or vertical
arrangement (b) vertical or vertical arrangement (c) horizontal/horizontal
arrangement (d) vertical/cyclical

91. Between 1954-1966 Nigeria adopted _____ IGRs model. (a) join (b) bargaining (c)
inclusive (d) separate

92. There was marginal relationship among central-regional-local government prior the
independent in 1960 (a) false (b) true

93. The history of intergovernmental relations in Nigeria could be traced back to the _____
(a) 1960 Independent constitution (b) 1922 Clifford constitution (c) 1999 constitution
(d) 1914 colonial rule

94. One of the factors that influence intergovernmental relations in Nigeria is _______ (a)
Minister of intergovernmental Affairs (b) Attorney-general of the Federation and
Minister of justice (c) the Constitution (d) INEC

95. An example of state-local relation is IGR is ____ (a) Constitution section 7(1) vests the
ownership of local government in the state government (b) national Assembly is
authorized to approve the creation of new local government (c) Establishment of
National Orientation Agency (d) establishment of N-Power programme

96. Intergovernmental relations means _____ (a) Frequent communication amongst levels
of government (b) the level of communication that existed in a political system (c)
 Extensive relations between states and local government (d) the interactions that takes
place amongst different levels of government within the state

97. The jurisdictional power of each level of government are spelt out in _____ (a) the
constitution (b) public service rule (c) the government policy document (d) fiscal
responsibly Act

98. One of the following is a rational for intergovernmental relations (a) it reduces level of
corruption in the society (b) It serves as a mechanism of political socialization (c) it
enhance the emergence of cooperation rather than competition in federalism (d) it
brings government closer to the people

99. Federalism is one of the basis for intergovernmental relations (a) false (b) true

100. The presence of _______ in the federal system of government is a fundamental

factor in the federal-state-local government relations (a) a media practice (b) a party
constitution (c) a constitution (d) a foreign policy

101. Intergovernmental relations are that complex patterns of interaction, cooperation

and interdependence between two or more levels of government. (a) false (b) Not at
all (c) true (d) None of the above

102. An example of State-Local relations is IGR is (a) personnel recruitment, promotion,

secondment through local government Civil service Commission and Ministry of Local
Government (b) Appointment of caretaker committee (c) Establishment of National
Orientation agency (d) national Assembly is authorized to approve the creation of new
local government

103. ______ is very strategic to the principle of intergovernmental relations (a)

Confrontation (b) Diplomacy (c) Interdependence (d) exploration

104. Independent and interdependent are twin concepts that characterized ______ IGRs
model (a) joint (b) inclusive (c) overlapping/bargaining (d) separate

105. ______ is another important element of intergovernmental relations, which simply

centred on communication that takes place between and among the levels of
government. (a) International organizations (b) public relation officers (c) interaction
(d) Ministry of communication

106. There is element of _____ in intergovernmental relations (a) dialogue (b) Hierachy
(c) conflict (d) War

107. Intergovernmental Relations gained prominent in democracy (a) True (b) False

108. The presence of _____ in the federal system of governmental is a fundamental

factor in the federal-state-local government relations (a) a foreign policy (b) a media
practice (c) a party constitution (d) a constitution

109. Under the separate intergovernmental relations model, the impression is that, the
____ (a) state and regional governmental are very strong (b) state and regional
government are very weak (c) federal government possessed unlimited power (d)
regional and federal governments are equally weak
110. The rearrangement of intergovernmental relations must be through a constitutional
amendment ____ (a) involving both levels of government (b) involving international
non-governmental organizations (c) Involving former head of States and Presidents (d)
involving major political parties

111. One of the strands of intergovernmental relations is ________ (a) ICPC and EFCC (b)
State – local relationship (c) APC and PDP (d) master servant

112. Nigerian constitutional development influenced the growth of intergovernmental

relations in the country (a) true (b) false