E TH E R

Engineering Educational Equipments

An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Co.

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

for

JOURNAL BEARING APPARATUS

Manufacturers:
ETHER ENGINEERS
52. Industrial Estate
Ambala Cantt. – 133006
Ph. 0171-2699150(o), 2654041 (R)
Mobile: 09896133557, 09896333447
Website : www.etherengineers.com
E-mail:etherengineers@rediffmail.com
info@etherengineers.com
 ENGINEERING EDUCATIONAL EQUIPMENTS
OBJECT: - To study the pressure profile of lubricating oil at various conditions of load and speed
on a journal bearing.

THEROEM:-

Generally rotating shafts are supported on bearings. If a long shaft is supported only at two ends, it will
deflect at its centre due to its own weight. So, to have a long shaft straight and its running smooth, the
shaft is supported at suitable intervals by bearings. A bearing should permit free and smooth rotation of
the shaft as well. To minimize the frictional resistance due to rotation of shaft and also to reduce wear and
prevent undue heating and seizing, an adequate arrangement for lubricating the outside surface of the
rotating shaft and the inside surface of contact of the bearing must be made. Every shaft supported by a
bearing should have a running fit
According to the position of shafts and direction of load coming upon them, we can primarily divide
bearings in to three types. They are journal bearing, Pivot or footstep bearing and Thrust or collar bearing.
In case of journal bearing the supporting pressure is perpendicular to the axis of shaft.
But in case of pivot or foot step bearing pressure is parallel to axis of shaft or vertically upward. The end
of shaft reset within the bearing body.
In thrust or collar bearing pressure is parallel to shaft axis and has end thrust. Shaft extends through and
beyond bearing.
Journal bearing
Journal is the part of the shaft in side of the bearing body. It can be classified in to two types names solid
and open journal bearing In case of solid journal bearing the cylindrical block is extended at the base to
permit bolting down. This portion is called sole. A hole, equal to diameter of the shaft, is drilled through
the cylindrical block making the shaft running smoothly. The shaft is inserted in the hole its one end. An
oil hole, leading up to inner hole, is provided at the top centre of its body for lubrication. This bearing is
made up of cast iron and is used for the shafts, which rotates slowly or at infrequent intervals, carring light
load only. In this case there is no provision for adjustment wear. In case of open bearing the bearing is
open at the top and is used for very long zigzag shafts. To prevent the shaft from falling out, at high speed,
the sides of bearing are kept sufficiently high. The shape of brush is such that it can’t rotate with the shaft.
It rotates in a flanged brush.
When a shaft is running freely in a bearing which is properly lubricated, under the action of friction, it will
slow down and ultimately come to rest. The fall in speed can be experimentally determined. Such
experimental results will give a curve. It is obvious that there is a fall in value of the coefficient of friction
very gradually with decreasing speed from higher to lower RPM.After a certain value of the speed the
coefficient of friction starts shooting up very fast. When a horizontal shaft of radius r rotates at N
RPM.There is a sliding friction in the bearing. If the load transmitted by the shaft to the bearing is W, the
normal reaction at the bearing will be R=W.The frictional resistance to sliding will be μw acting
tangentially at the line of contact between the shaft and the bases of the bearing. The frictional couple will
be μw.r units and the work absorbed by this couple for one revolution of the shaft, being Couple x the
angle turned through, is μw.r x 2Π units of work. If the shaft rotates at N RPM the work absorbed by
friction in bearing is μwr x 2ΠN units and the H.P lost in friction will be
µwr × 2πN
, if the work units are ft-lbs
33000
This loss of work by friction is converted in to heat energy.
 ENGINEERING EDUCATIONAL EQUIPMENTS
DESCRIPTION

The apparatus consists of a plain steel shaft excavated in a bearing and directly driven by a FHP
Motor. The bearing is freely supported on the shaft and sealed at the motor end. The speed of the
motor is controlled accurately by the speed control unit and it can be made run in both directions.
Twelve equal-spaced pressures taping around the circumference and four along the axis are provided
and are connected to manometer by PU Tubing so that the pressure head of oil in all tubes can be
observed at a time. The bearing can be loaded by attaching weights to the arm supported beneath it.

UTILITIES REQURIED
Electricity 0.5 Kw, 230 V, Single Phase
Tachometer (Optional)
Oil SAE: 40 3 ltrs
Bench Area: 1.5 x 1.5 x 4 m

TECHNICAL DETAILS:
Journal Diameter 50 mm
Bearing Diameter 55 mm
Weights 1 X 2 Kg.
Motor Variable speed FHP Motor
Control Panel for speed control of motor.
Manometer 14 Tubes.
Oil recommended SAE 40

PROCEDURE:

1. Switch on the power supply & start the motor.

2. Adjust the speed of motor to a particular mark with the help of variac.
3. Apply the weight on hanger.
4. Wait for steady state and note down the readings of pressure heads.
5. Plot the graph between height and distance.
6. Repeat the experiment at different RPM of motor
OBSERVATION:-
Journal diameter 50 mm
Bearing diameter 55 mm
Weight applied 2 kg
RPM = --------
 ENGINEERING EDUCATIONAL EQUIPMENTS
OBSERVATION TABLE:

S.NO No. of Points Height(mm)

1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
10 10
11 11
12 12
13 13
14 14

Plot the graph between height Vs distance

PRECAUTIONS & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Never run the apparatus if the power supply is less than 180 volts and above 230 volts.
2. Never switch ON mains power supply before ensuring that all the ON/OFF switches given on
the panel are at OFF position.
3. Keep all the assembly undisturbed.
4. Always fix the masses very gently.