Unit 1: Overview of Operating System

1.1 Operating System - Concept

 The operating system (OS) is a software that manages computer hardware and provides
services for computer programs.
 Components of an operating system:

 Program Management: Loading, execution, and termination of programs.

 Resource Management: Allocation and management of hardware resources like
CPU, memory, and peripherals.
 Security and Protection: Ensuring data and system security by controlling access
rights and preventing unauthorized access.
 Views of OS:
 User View: How the OS appears to end-users and their interactions with it.
 System View: How the OS manages and coordinates internal operations.

1.2 Different Types of Operating Systems

 Batch Operating System: Processes tasks in batches without user interaction.
 Multi-Programmed Operating System: Manages multiple programs in memory
simultaneously, improving CPU utilization.
 Time-Shared OS (Time-Sharing): Provides the illusion of multiple users running tasks
concurrently on a single system.
 Multiprocessor Systems: OS that supports multiple processors working together in a
single system.
 Distributed Systems: OS running on multiple interconnected computers, sharing
resources and processing tasks cooperatively.
 Real-Time Systems: OS designed to meet strict timing constraints for critical tasks.
 Mobile OS (Android, iOS): Operating systems designed for mobile devices like
smartphones and tablets.

1.3 Command Line-based and GUI-based Operating Systems

 Command Line-based OS:
 DOS (Disk Operating System): A command-line OS developed by Microsoft.
 UNIX: A versatile command-line OS widely used in servers and workstations.
  GUI-based OS:
 WINDOWS: A popular GUI-based OS developed by Microsoft, known for its user-
friendly interface.
 LINUX: A powerful and open-source GUI-based OS used in various applications,
including servers and desktops.
Unit Outcomes (UOS) (in Cognitive Domain)

1a. Explain the Functioning of a Given Component of OS

 Describe how the program management component loads, executes, and terminates
programs.
 Explain the allocation and management of hardware resources in the resource
management component.
 Discuss the role of security and protection in ensuring data and system security.
1b. Explain Characteristics of the Given Type of Operating System
 Define the characteristics of batch operating systems, including their advantages and
limitations.
 Describe the features of a multi-programmed operating system and how it enhances
system efficiency.
 Explain the concept of time-sharing and its benefits for multiple users.

 Discuss the advantages and challenges of using multiprocessor systems.

 Outline the key features and benefits of distributed systems.
 Describe the characteristics and requirements of real-time operating systems.
 Explain the distinctive features of mobile operating systems (Android, iOS).
1c. Identify the Type of Operating System Suitable for the Given Type of Application

 Analyze different application scenarios and determine the appropriate operating system
type for each.

 Consider factors such as processing requirements, user interactions, and timing

constraints to make informed decisions.
1d. Execute Command on Command Line for the Given Task
 Demonstrate the ability to use the command line interface of operating systems like
DOS and UNIX.
  Execute various commands to perform tasks such as file management, process handling,
and system configuration.

Unit 1: Overview of Operating System - Questions

1. Question 1: Explain the key components of an operating system and their
respective roles in managing computer resources and user interactions.
2. Question 2: Differentiate between the user view and the system view of an
operating system. How do these views provide distinct perspectives on OS
functionality?
3. Question 3: Compare and contrast batch operating systems with time-
sharing operating systems. In what scenarios would each type of OS be
more suitable?
4. Question 4: Describe the characteristics and benefits of a multiprocessor
system. What challenges might arise when designing an OS for such a
system?
5. Question 5: Define a distributed operating system and discuss its
advantages in terms of resource utilization and fault tolerance.
6. Question 6: What are real-time operating systems, and how do they differ
from other types of operating systems? Provide examples of real-time
applications.
7. Question 7: Identify the key features that distinguish mobile operating
systems like Android and iOS from traditional desktop operating systems.
8. Question 8: Explain the purpose and functionality of the command line
interface in DOS and UNIX operating systems. Provide examples of useful
command line commands.
9. Question 9: Suppose you have a critical application that requires strict
timing constraints. Which type of operating system would you choose, and
why?
10. Question 10: Given a specific application scenario, analyze the
requirements and constraints to determine the most suitable type of
operating system to be used.