1.

Surface integral of a scalar function  over the surface 

(1) 곡면                           ∈  위에서 스칼라함수        를 적분

         

 ∥ 

 × 
 ∥  
 

∆  ∥
∆ × 
∆∥ ∥
 × 
∥∆∆

  ∥ 
 × 
∥  

Remark (1) 곡면          ∈  위에서 스칼라함수    를 적분


       



                


∆   ∥∆   ∆ ×  ∆  ∆∥ ∥     ×      ∥∆∆  ∥   ∥∆∆

             

(2) 곡면  의 넓이:     

           ∥ 



 × 
  ∥  


 

2. Surface integral of a vector field  over the oriented surface  with unit normal 



× 

 
 ∙ 
  
∙
   
 
  ∙   
  ∥  ×  ∥   
∥  ×  ∥
  ∙   ×    

 

This integral is also called the flux of  across  .

참고 :   

16.4절 Example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
16.5절 Example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
16.6절 Example 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10
16.7절 Example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
16.9절 Example 1, 2