1.When was the first Parliament opened in the Ottoman Empire?

A.1876 B.1839 C.1856 D.1867 E.1908

2. The first Parliament in the Ottoman Empire was opened through the efforts of ……………………
A. the Turcomen
B. the Tanzimat Reformists
C. the Young Ottomans
D. Young Turks
E. the Bab-ı Ali

3. Which of the followings is NOT a characteristic of the first Parliament?

A. Meclis-I Ayan members were appointed by the Sultan
B. Parliament members were of both Muslim and Non-Muslim citizens
C. Parliament members were elected only by male citizens
D. Parliament members were both appointed by the Sultan
E. Meclis-i Mebusan members were elected by people

4.What is the ideology of 1st Constitutional Era?

A. İslamism
B. Ottomanism
C. Turkism
D. Nationalism
E. Secularism

5.In 1908, ……………………………… led to ………………………….

A. Young Turk Revolution- the Second Constitutional Era.
B. 31 March Incident-the First Constitutional Era
C. Young Turk Revolution- the First Constitutional Era
D. 31 March Incident- the Second Constitutional Era
E. Young Ottoman Revolution - the First Constitutional Era

6.The 31 March Incident (Military Coup) was put down by ………………………….

A. Janissaries
B. The Community of Union and Progress
C. The Army of Action
D. Nizam-ı Cedid
E. Asakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediye

7.Which one of the followings was NOT a characteristic of the Young Turks?
A. Opposed to Constitutionalism
B. Reformist
C. Proponent of the Sultan
D. Nationalist
E. Secularist

8.Abdul Hamid II. was dethroned in 1909 after the…............................

A. Promulgation of the Turkish Republic
B. Balkan War
C. CUP's takeover of the Government
D. 31 March Incident
E. Declaration of the II. Constitution
9.Which of the following incidents took place in the Reign of Abdul Hamid II.?
I. The opening of Galatasaray High School
II. II. Declaration of the I. Constitution
III. III. Declaration of the II. Constitution
A. II
B. II and III
C. III
D. I and II
E. II and III

10.Which of the following incidents DID NOT take place in the reign of II. Abdul Hamid?
A. Declaration of the first Constitution
B. First Sultan in a Parliamentary System
C. Pan-Islamism was promoted
D. Suspension of the first Parliament
E. Ideology of Ottomanism was promoted

11.Abdul Hamid II. suspended the first Parliament because………

A. the majority of the Parliament members did not want the constitution
B. The Young Turks revolted against the Sultan
C. the Ottoman Russian War broke out in 1878
D. the elections were not held fairly
E. the Great Powers (England, France, Russia) wanted it

12.Which one of the following officers was in the Army of Action that suppressed the 31 March Incident (Riot)?
A. Mustafa Reshid Pasha
B. Mustafa Kemal Pasha
C. Ali Pasha
D. Fuat Pasha
E. İbrahim Pasha

13.Which of the following slogan was NOT used after the declaration of the II. Constitution?
A. Freedom
B. Equality
C. Fraternity
D. Justice
E. Turkism

14.………………………………. was founded in 1889 by four military medical students to oppose Abdul Hamid’s absolutism.
A. The Army of Action
B. Halaskar Zabitan
C. The Military Academy
D. Union and Progress Society
E. Young Ottomans

15.Which of the following incident happened in 1908?

A. World War I broke
B. Ottoman Russian War
C. Darulfünun was founded
D. Declaration of the II. Constitutional Era
E. 31 March Incident
16.What was the ideology of II. Abdul Hamid
A. Pan-Islamism
B. Ottomanism
C. Turkism
D. Westernism
E. Secularism

17.Which of the following statements are TRUE?

I. The first Constitution was declared through the efforts of the Young Ottomans
II. The second Constitution was declared through the efforts of the Community of Union and Progress
III. Abdul Hamid suspended the Parliament because of the pressure made by the Young Turks
IV. The 31 March Riot was organized by opponents to the Unionists
A. I
B. I, II and IV
C. I, II
D. III and IV
E. I, II and III

18.Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

A. The first multi-party elections were held in the Ottoman Empire in 1908
B. 31 March Incident was an action against CUP policies
C. Abdul Hamid made serious reforms in education
D. Abdul Hamid both suspended the Parliament and the Kanun-i Esasi (Constitution)
E. Both Young Ottomans and Young Turks emerged as an opposition to authoritarian tendencies

19.The main difference between the I. Constitution and the II. Constitution is that ..........................................................
in the II. Constitution
A. deputies were appointed by the Sultan
B. both deputies and ayans were appointed by the Sultan
C. both Constitutions consisted of Deputies and Ayans
D. there were no parties in both Constitutions
E. political parties were elected

20.Which of the following ideology DID NOT emerge in the Ottoman Empire?
A. Ottomanism
B. Turkism
C. Secularism
D. Islamism
E. Westernism

21.The War of Tripolitania in 1911 was made against ….......

A. England
B. Russia
C. France
D. Greece
E. Italy

22.The only victory of the Ottoman Empire in WW1 was in…………….

A. Syria - Palestine
B. Macedonia
C. Caucasia
D. Çanakkale
E. Iraq
23.Which of the following secret agreement was signed to share the Ottoman lands?
A. The Treaty of Mudanya
B. The Treaty of Lausanne
C. The Treaty of Moudros
D. The Treaty of Versailles
E. The Sykes-Picot Agreement

24.Why was Mustafa Kemal Pasha sent to Samsun as a General Inspector by the Istanbul Government?
A. To organize a Congress in Sivas
B. To unite all the Defense of Rights Society
C. To deliver weapons for the local forces
D. To provide peace among Muslim and non-Muslim communities
E. To initiate the National Resistance Movement

25.The …........................... ended the WW1 for the Ottoman Empire.

A. The Treaty of Versailles
B. The Treaty of Gümrü
C. The Treaty of Moudros
D. The Treaty of Mudanya
E. The Treaty of Lausanne

26.The 1. Balkan War resulted in losing ….................... which had a sentimental meaning for the Ottoman Officers.
A. Kırklareli
B. İstanbul
C. Tekirdağ
D. Thessalanico
E. Edirne

27.The II. Balkan War was between…........

A. Ottoman Empire - Entente Powers
B. Entente Powers - Balkan States
C. Entente Powers - Russia
D. Bulgaria-Greece-Serbia-Monte Negro
E. Bulgaria - Ottoman Empire

28.The Ottoman Empire was dragged to WW1 through a secret agreement with …..................
A. Italy
B. France
C. Germany
D. England
E. Austria-Hungary

29.The CUP ruled the Ottoman Empire from …...... to …....

A. 1876-1909
B. 1920-1923
C. 1923-1927
D. 1918-1923
E. 1908-1918

30.Which of the following Congresses were held to initiate the National Resistance Movement?
A. Erzurum - Balıkesir
B. Sivas - Balıkesir
C. Erzurum-Sivas
D. Erzurum- Amasya
E. Sivas - Amasya
31.The 1. National Grand Assembly was opened on……….... in……….......
A. 19 May- Samsun
B. 30 August -İstanbul
C. 23 April 1920 - İstanbul
D. 23 April 1920 - Ankara
E. 29 October - Ankara

32.After two important Congresses held in Anatolia, .................. acted as a governing body to unite the Societies for
Defense of Rights
A. the Representative Committee
B. the Grand National Assembly
C. the Ottoman Parliament in Istanbul
D. the Society of Defense and Rights in Anatolia
E. the Society of Defense and Rights in Rumelia

33.Which of the following organizations were founded by the leaders of the CUP during WW1 to start local resistances in Anatolia
in case of a possible invasion of the Ottoman Empire?
I. The Teshkilat-ı Mahsusa
II. Karakol
III. Defense of Rights Society
IV. Community of Union and Progress
V. The Representative Committee
A. III, IV, V
B. I, III, V
C. I, II, V
D. III, V
E. I, II, III

34.The most important decision taken at Sivas Congress was to unite all local resistance unions under ….........
A. The Representative Committee
B. The Grand National Assembly
C. Society for the Defense of the National Rights of Anatolia and Thrace
D. Defense of Rights Society
E. The Karakol Union

35.For the first time after the Moudros Treaty, the Representative Committee and the Istanbul Government met in Amasya
on 20 October 1919.
What was the importance of this meeting?
A. The Sultan recognized the Representative Committee
B. The Representative Committee joined the Istanbul Government
C. The Sultanate was abolished
D. The Istanbul Government recognized the Representative Committee
E. The Istanbul Government united with the Representative Committee

36.Which of the following battle was won by the Regular Army for the first time?
A. II.İnönü Battle
B. The Battle of Sakarya
C. The Battle of Kütahya
D. The Battle of Bashkumandanlık
E. I.İnönü Battle

37.Which of the following Treaty ended the war in Anatolia against Greece?
A. Treaty of Moudros
B. Treaty of Lausanne
C. Treaty of Sevres
 D. Treaty of Mudanya
E. The Treaty of Gümrü

38.…............................, signed on 10 August 1920, left the Ottoman Empire only a rump state in northern Asia Minor with Istanbul
as its capital.
A. The Treaty of Gümrü
B. Treaty of Moudros
C. The Treaty of Sevres
D. Treaty of Mudanya
E. Treaty of Lausanne

39.What is the importance of the Treaty of Lausanne?

A. A new Ottoman State was founded in Anatolia
B. The Ottoman Empire continued its existence politically
C. It ended the war with Greece
D. Turkey's east borders were guaranteed
E. Turkey's independence was internationally recognized.

40.In order to be represented as one and single official organ, the Grand National assembly abolished the ……...... on 1 November,
1922.
A. the Istanbul Parliament
B. the Society of Defense and Rights in Anatolia
C. the Caliphate
D. the Sultanate
E. the Representative Committee

41.The Society of Defense and Rights in Anatolia and Rumelia became a political party in 1922 named …........
A. Community of Union and Progress
B. Progressive Republican Party
C. People's Party
D. The Ahrar Fırkası
E. Republican People's Party

42.The Turkish Republic was promulgated on 29 October 1923…..................... was elected as the first President and
he appointed ….............. to form the government.
A. Mustafa Kemal Pasha - Kazım Karabekir Pasha
B. Mustafa Kemal Pasha - İsmet Pasha
C. Mustafa Kemal Pasha - Rauf Orbay
D. Mustafa Kemal Pasha - Refet Bele
E. Mustafa Kemal Pasha - Ali Fuat Pasha

43.On 28 January 1920 the last Ottoman Parliament adopted a manifesto called …..........................., which was the resistance
movement’s official statement of aims and this remained so throughout the independence war.
A. National Pact (Misak-i Millî)
B. Law on Fundamental Organization (Teşkilât-i Esasye Kanunu)
C. Law on Maintanence of Order
D. Kanun-i Esasi
E. Amasya Declaration

44.Which of the following Constitution adopted the principal ‘sovereignty belongs unconditionally to the nation’?
A. National Pact (Misak-i Millî)
B. Law on Maintenance of Order
C. Kanun-i Esasi
D. Amasya Declaration
E. Law on Fundamental Organization (Teşkilât-i Esasiye Kanunu)
45. Thirty-two deputies around Rauf Orbay and Kazım Karabekir Pasha left the People's Party and founded the …..........................
on 17 November 1924.
A. The Ahrar Fırkası
B. Community of Union and Progress
C. Progressive Republican Party (Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası)
D. People's Party
E. The Society of Defense and Rights in Anatolia

46.In April 1924, the new Republic adopted the 1. Constitution. Which of the following articles were included in this Constitution?
I. The State's regime is Republic
II. The State's official language is Turkish
III. The State is a secular state
IV. The official religion is Islam
V. The President is both the legislator and the executer of the state
A. I, II and III
B. I, II and IV
C. II, III and V
D. Only I
E. II and III

47.After the suppression of the Sheikh Said Rebellion in the east, the Turkish Parliament took countermeasures such as issuing
the …................................ .
A. The National Pact (Misak-i Milli)
B. Law on Fundamental Organization (Teşkilât-i Esasye Kanunu)
C. Kanun-i Esasi
D. Amasya Declaration
E. Law on Maintanence of Order

48.Which two principles of Atatürk were adopted upon the establishment of the Turkish Republic?
A. Republicanism - Nationalism
B. Republicanism - Secularism
C. Republicanism - Populism
D. Nationalism - Secularism
E. Secularism - Statism

49.Which of the following events are given in a correct chronological order?

A. Abolishment of Sultanate- Lausanne Treaty-Abolishment of Caliphate-Promulgation of Turkish Republic-
B. Abolishment of Sultanate- Lausanne Treaty- Promulgation of Turkish Republic-Abolishment of Caliphate
C. Lausanne Treaty-Promulgation of Turkish Republic-Abolishment of Sultanate- -Abolishment of Caliphate
D. Lausanne Treaty-Abolishment of Caliphate-Promulgation of Turkish Republic-Abolishment of Sultanate
E. Lausanne Treaty-Promulgation of Turkish Republic-Abolishment of Caliphate-Abolishment of Sultanate

50.The idea of …...................and …............................. were influential in the establishment of the Republic of Turkey.
A. Westernism - Secularism
B. Turkism - Secularism
C. Turkism - Westernism
D. Turkism - Ottomanism
E. Ottomanism - Westernism