ÀLEX SORIANO

THE HISTORY OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

ntroduced by IBM in 1964, OS/360 was a

groundbreaking operating system for mainframes. It
aimed to standardize software, but its complexity led to
challenges, including delays and cost overruns. Despite OS/360
1964
initial issues, OS/360 played a pivotal role in the
development of modern operating systems by
emphasizing compatibility, scalability, and flexibility,
leaving a lasting impact on the computing world.

Unix, created at AT&T Bell Labs in the late 1960s, was a

pioneering operating system. Designed for flexibility
UNIX and portability, it became a cornerstone of computing.

1969
It inspired the development of Linux and macOS,
shaping modern computing with its modular, multi-
user, and multi-tasking design.

Atari DOS, developed by Atari, Inc. in the late 1970s, was

the operating system for the Atari 8-bit home
computers. It enabled disk drive support, file
management, and program loading. This DOS
ATARI DOS
facilitated the growth of the Atari computer platform by
providing essential file handling capabilities for users 1979
and developers.

Mac OS, now macOS, evolved from the original

Macintosh System Software introduced in 1984. It
underwent significant developments, including System
MAC OS 7, OS X (1999), and macOS (2012). macOS emphasizes a
graphical user interface, Unix-based architecture, and

1984 seamless integration with Apple hardware. It has

consistently innovated with features like the Dock,
Spotlight, and the transition to Intel and ARM
processors.

Windows 1.0, released in 1985, was Microsoft's first

graphical user interface operating environment for MS-
DOS. It introduced windows, icons, and a mouse-driven
interface, laying the foundation for future Windows
versions. However, it had limited application support
WINDOS 1.0
and was not a commercial success. Subsequent
Windows iterations, like Windows 3.0 and Windows 95,
1985
achieved greater popularity and advanced the GUI
concept.

The Linux kernel, created by Linus Torvalds in 1991, is a

core component of the Linux operating system. It's

LINUX open-source and based on Unix principles, fostering a

global community of developers. Linux quickly gained

1991 popularity, powering various devices, servers, and the

Android OS. Its flexibility and stability make it a
prominent choice in computing.

Debian, established in 1993 by Ian Murdock, is a seminal

Linux distribution. It prioritizes free software principles
and open-source development. Debian's package
management system, APT, greatly influenced Linux
distributions. It has spawned numerous popular
DEBIAN
derivatives, including Ubuntu. Debian's commitment to
stability and community-driven development has made
1996
it a respected choice for server and desktop
environments.

DSolaris, developed by Sun Microsystems (later

acquired by Oracle), originated in the 1980s as SunOS, a

SOLARIS Unix-based OS. It was known for advanced features like

Dynamic Tracing (DTrace) and the ZFS file system.

1998
Solaris played a crucial role in enterprise computing,
powering Sun's high-end workstations and servers. Over
time, it faced competition from Linux and was
ultimately discontinued by Oracle in 2017.

Red Hat, founded in 1993, is a prominent Linux

distribution provider. It introduced Red Hat Linux, which
focused on business solutions. In 2003, it transitioned to
the enterprise-focused Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL),
offering long-term support. Red Hat's acquisition by REDHAT
IBM in 2019 expanded its reach. It's renowned for open-
source contributions, the Fedora project, and its pivotal 2002
role in the enterprise Linux market.

Ubuntu, launched in 2004, is a popular Linux

UBUNTU 4.10 distribution. It's known for its user-friendly approach

and regular release schedule. Mark Shuttleworth
founded it with the goal of making Linux accessible to a
2004 wider audience. Ubuntu has gained a large and active
user base and has diverse versions for various use cases.

iOS, Apple's mobile operating system, debuted in 2007

with the first iPhone. Derived from macOS, it's known
for its intuitive touch-based interface and App Store
ecosystem. iOS has evolved through numerous versions,
introducing features like Siri, Control Center, and ARKit.
It powers various Apple devices, including iPhones,
IOS
iPads, and iPod Touch. iOS's security, performance, and
extensive app library make it a dominant mobile 2007
platform.

Android, developed by Android, Inc. and later acquired

by Google in 2005, was introduced in 2008. It's an open-
source mobile operating system known for its

ANDORID customization and diverse hardware support. Android

has seen numerous versions, from Cupcake to Android

2008 12, with feature-rich updates. It dominates the global

mobile market, powering a wide range of devices.
Google Play Store offers a vast library of apps for
Android users.