diagram to find 2 5 axe w 2 mat and 3x5 ee so acopy ofthe diagram (08 7 Ue o ship botweon the numerators @ a For questions 1 to 6 find a relat Bor gore rations and the numeral 2 the result b Repeat part a for the denominators. ‘The rule for multiplying fractions ‘You may have discovered mule in question 9 above: am ‘To multiply fractions, find the product of the numbers in the numerators calculate we fine broduct of the numbers in the denominafors a 5 ‘The product of two numbers means multiply them together 10 g% 2 ee 2, 4-2%4. 8 13. 165 amples X77" 3x7 — Bt 204 10 aa dh i 21 99 xO 8 38 9% a4 Calculate 1,3 withes 19%4 53x ohx2 e aoc eG > Caleula 228 SEG 10 3x 7 2y3 3% 32x32 ry xy £ as 19% nx? cae eiel a 92 #6 2 @} 5€ raw enke diagram tof pixd igxd a 3x} fey abel ax 64X3 aad ae 3y2 Use a copy of the diagram to fing 2 3 ans. 4 7 Use a copy ofthe diagram to find 200 %, yo 0. 20 7 30 o ‘0 3 4 5*8 ther gometi e 9 a For questions 1 to 6 find a relationship between the numerators worked in the given fractions and the numerator in ehe result cy calesle b Repeat part a for the denominators. The rule for multiplying fractions ‘You may have discovered this rule in question 9 above: ‘To multiply fractions, find the product of the numbers in the numerators and the product of the numbers in the denominators. s ‘The product of two numbers means multiply them together. Ld 5% a For example, 8 385 20'2 X 16 ay il > 22 Xo 8, 38 22 9% a4 3 “4 53 91x2 22xl 2 oe 3°65 6 3x3 10 8x3 oS Fi 2x8 git bea 3 5 22 2x2 ae 4dxd 8 @) et a 3, 12 (2)? 6)li lt, EE ca 3 Multiplication and di ‘Te numborw en ‘common factors Calculate a wf ‘Sometimes there is more than one common factor that can be cancelled, Worked example ulate A. x 18 > Caler late 3 x56 £x 1x3 4s a common factor, 25 “36 “5x4 aois5. Calculate Ty 4 19 3X or 18, 16% 207% ore 2 21 39 * 27 Remember, multiply two pumbers and then. multiply the result by thé third number.oe Aa Calculate @ 6 «8 38 1 eup of water 1098 7 vs mcont aed eo maeg athe se Aco a ae ce ‘eg Tre aro 24 ll 8 928 Eg them ¢ the black balls have. white spots near lack? Ae a aon oft ball Oe paar 8 a What tin afte allo s spots on them? | 45: Three-quarters ofthe seadonts ins ass Er oe 1 chemistry exam. Two-fifths: of those eee ‘nso got grade B in biol BY: ‘What frac both exams? a 46 Three-quarters of the area of some ree a gntopmet : r housi +. is to be used for . tn ere housing is left as oper space. to be used for | \ vnovfifth of the area set aside FOF One-fifth of the i ea i def oe \ aleule oat fraction of the aren ofrciaimes industrial purposes? bb What fraction ofthe area of reclaimed land is to be open space? @|_ 47 Place these fractions in order of size with the smallest first- a 2ofh, 3x5 b 3x} of eight-ninths 225 ‘one-fifth is the same } ‘ ae @| 48 State, with reasons, whether ‘two-thirds of ae omathird of two-fifths, Without working them out, state with ‘whether twelve-seventeenths of thirteen-nineteenths is 32 reasons, chs of twelve-nineteenths. the same as thirteen-seventeent] 1g apa 125 2 x8 y 221 28 3% 5% 275% 27 7 five-sixths of six-sevenths of seven-eighths of nine-tenths of 500?ee maison ane ation of mien: Worked example —> Calculate 23 x 1j aap e ss Calculate 14gx 11 Bt x 22 ax 12 8x15 XB 13 8} x 98 4x 14 2b x78 BX 15 65x 1d aE 16 42 x 21, XG 17 6x x2 18 5ix 12 x3 19 82 x 22 Xa 20 16) x 32 55pat 29 5x 21 a1 5x43 a 22 bx 14 96 4% 35 30 3X 65 ae ; 23 9b x4 27 93x 10 a1 x8 = 4 24 4X9 2g 2x3 32 28% 1} eee ve Bias fate. Remember: The word of means, pertply by, a0 3 of £27 means § X £27 zotsaT = 23x27 . =£2x%- £gx 7-218 f wh 53 WE Find 33 jof12 jee 34 20f45 Oa ; | ss 41 fofsis 36 7 of 50 litres : 42 2 of 25 gallons 87 §offl ; 43 J of 25 millilitres 38 2 of 64 miles : 44 20100 milli‘3. Multiplication an 45. A bog of four weighs I} kg. What is the weight of 20 bags? sat mix, Bach ‘Three and a half sacks of sand are added to a coment se ‘sack of sand weighs 26kg. What weight of sand is added to the coment mix? 47 The area ofa garden is 4012. Two-fiths ofthe area is used for ‘growing soft fruit. How many square metres are used for growing sot fruit? {| 46 A paving stone measures 3 yd by ? yd. What is the area of this | paving stone? 1@] 49 1°38 of my body weight is water and I weigh 62} kg, how much of my weight is water? @| 50 4 cuboid measures 42 inches by 6 inches by 8 inches. f Find its volume in cubic inches. [@] 51 Which is heavier, £16 or }kg? (@| 52 This is an extract from an American mail order catalogue. STRONG METAL TOOL BOX Dimensions: W: 253 in D: 58in H: 103in What is the volume of this tool box? 53 Which of these boxes has the largest capacity? Which has the smallest capacity? (They are not drawn to scale.) b Ishin sdin in 4¥in ' 57in 4, we ealeulate 84 = 6. ero arein Oa age that is, the value of f3sin ly From the diagram we see that I! cakes can be divided into 4 pieces, eac cake, sold +2=4, re do =4, but i x 3, 4 ‘These two examples demonstrate the rule that ‘To divide by a fraction, we turn that fraction upside down "rates ie, 3+ 2 Cheek: 4 Calculate she 30 54+ 2 = 38 Worked examples. oe ee > Find the value of 36 + 3 58ae ae foes 3 Multptioation and division of fractions 1 Mow may J are there inf? 2 How many Js are there in 8% Mow many’ tiowes des } 0 into 9? 4 How many js are there in 9? 5 How many times does jo into 8? Wind eset 14 aes ai ] Wares as Bet 16 96} a eed { 17 34 a Rel wee wees ward ash Marg wird aes war Worked example a sh Se > Find 3} + 8} aps p= B ‘When mixed numbers are involved, they must first 2 OS Ses mut be = ‘changed to $f and 8} must be changed to. Calculate 30 5f> 8 95 61} 86 Divide 8} by 13 37 Divide 62 hy 2¢ 88 Divide 5} by 2 89 Divide 7} by Ut 44 Divide 113 by #8 45 Divide 9! by 134 46 Divide 103 by 3} 47 Divide 83 by 51 of cheese: How In 1) 00mg of ceese? @y 8 ine one #8 ena gar oe ing es c08 a eer seek Be e @| a since Jength of tne of the palier length sapua 0 stone. How PY vere one what is the cost of 1kg of these : cost £2.50, what} : e| @ 1g 7508 of apples ost : = sos is Yin hi. yes as puiaarieosecee ¥ wor @} 51 O78 ap coin is 5 aap we ore many ins aT eile? une coins inthe Pile? b What isthe vale in } hour. ee avn ou 0 pages 28 1 3 OY eae raction ofan nour 4 «ke him, on average, to read one page? e by How many minutes did take him to read one page? work calcu Qe} 8 nich ofthese statements are EUS? : AT+O5 3 p §=8+5 | 54 At Bertorlis café, cakes are divided into eighths and each slice sold for £1.20. At. ‘Angelino’s café they divide cakes of the same. size into twelfths and ell each slice for 90p. 2 How many of Angelino’s slices are equivalent to one of Bertorelli’ slices? b- Which cake is more expensive? 155 This gift box has a volume of 49 cubic inch 5 , of 49 cubic inches. It is 33 inches wi by 3} inches deep. How high is it? ee [| Wort 3 | > : Q} 56 This stack of $100 bills is 251, : \ aaa tmm high and is e is the thickness of one bill as a fraction aa ae tre? e j ‘ | Caleu @| 57 Simplify a z als mt 3 b 2.3 a3 u g 60