Lighting For Production Sites and Logistic Plants - 2016 - Jan

Lighting Production Sites and Warehouses at LVMH group
January 2016
This document is the internal strategic white paper of the Workgroup of the Maisons interested to collaborate on Lighting procurement.
Communicating this white paper outside the group to suppliers or third-parties is considered as a prejudice against LVMH group.
If you found this document and you are not concerned, please destroy it, or send a message to: n.martinjohner@lvmh.fr
Lighting for Production Sites and Logistic Plants at LVMH group. 2016/01/20
Content
1. INTRODUCTION: THE WORKGROUP ........................................ 5
1.1 Aim of the Workgroup ..................................................................... 5

1.2 Participants in January 2016 ............................................................ 5
1.3 Rules, Costs ..................................................................................... 6
2. BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON LIGHT QUALITY AND VISION ...... 7
2.1 Quality of Light: Fidelity ................................................................. 7

2.1 Quality of Light: Correlated Color Temperature ............................. 9
2.2 Quantity of Light: Lux, Uniformity ............................................... 11
2.3 Impact of Light on the occupants: Vision ...................................... 14
2.3.1 Visually useful light ............................................................... 14

2.3.2 Glare and sunlight................................................................... 20
2.3.2 Glare and glossy surfaces ....................................................... 23
2.4 Light and Health ............................................................................ 23
2.4.1 Blue light, UV ........................................................................ 23

2.4.2 Flickering effect of light ......................................................... 24
2.4.3 Adaptation to age and visual disability................................... 26
2.4.4 Stress due to dimming programs: the “light sphere” and the
“swarming” scenario ....................................................................... 27
2.4.5 The care of circadian rythms .................................................. 28
CONFIDENTIAL Page 2 / 43
2.5 Life Cycle Analysis of the products............................................... 28

2.6 Certifications of the products (ATEX, IP65) ................................. 29
3. THE “ONE YEAR” PROCESS ...................................................... 30
3.1 Customization? .............................................................................. 30

3.2 Different Steps to agree on the same solution ............................... 30
3.3 Calendar of the workgroup sessions .............................................. 31
4. Step 1: SELECTION OF PARTNERS, MARKET SURVEY ........ 32
4.1 Brief sent in September 2015......................................................... 32

4.2 List of partners for the 1st audition ................................................. 34
4.3 What we learned from the audition of 15 suppliers in one day ..... 35
5. Step 2: product definition .................................................................... 36
5.1 The linear luminaire for ceilings under 6 meters ........................... 36

5.2 The punctual luminaire for ceilings over 6 meters ........................ 37
5.3 The “packaging” options for specific certifications....................... 37
5.4 The sensors .................................................................................... 38
5.5 The 10 years warranty.................................................................... 38
6. Step 3: tests on specific technologies .................................................. 39
6.1 ECHY: lighting with Sunlight ....................................................... 39

6.2 ENERGIE IP: power and communication with Ethernet cables.... 39
6.3 LVMH 5000K Spectrum: high CRI allowing lower lux levels? ... 39
6.4 Swarming scenario: the end of programming DALI ..................... 39
7. Step 4: Consolidation of quantities, by an external consultant............ 40
7.1 The necessary tasks to achieve ...................................................... 40
7.1.1 Plans and data recovery .......................................................... 40

7.1.2 Light quality measurement and recording .............................. 40
7.1.3 Energy measurement (BEFORE) ........................................... 41
7.1.4 Quantities per type of applications (DIALUX) ...................... 41
7.2 The selected candidates ................................................................. 42

7.3 The unified format, and single chart .............................................. 42
7.4 The costs of the lighting audits ...................................................... 42
8. Step 5: bidding procedure.................................................................... 43
8.1 Bidding procedure with LVMH Lighting ...................................... 43
1. INTRODUCTION: THE WORKGROUP

1.1 Aim of the Workgroup
 LIFE #6 KPI: Reduction of the CO2 Emissions of the group with the adoption of LED Lighting, more efficient (over 100lm/watt).
 PRICE: purchase together in order to have better prices, and specific products maintained in a long term for the reparability of the buildings.
 MAINTENANCE COSTS: reduce your maintenance costs with the adoption of LED Lighting at a warranty of 10 years (lumen, color shift).
 TECHNOLOGY: share the knowledge, the contacts, in order to detect the best technology available, in the sector of lighting.
 PRODUCTIVITY & CONFORT: Improving the lighting in the buildings has an impact on the confort of the occupants, and the way they work.
1.2 Participants in January 2016

Identified contacts per Maison for this workgroup:
Loro Piana: Carmelo Erbetta, Gabriele De Fabiani, Nicola GUSSETTI,

Louis Vuitton: Ahcene CHIBANI, a.pesic@be-mev.com (external), Jenny BOURHIS, Joel BRANDANI, Mickael FAVRE, Ronan JULIENNE, Thibaut
TELLIER, Thierry LEMOINE, Vincent OKONSKI,
MHCS: Christophe MACQUET, Eric ADAM, Gabriel GUILLOU, Nathalie PERRIN, Sébastien VALLEE
Loewe: Rafael ORTEGA SOUVIRON, Carlos Enrique MARTINEZ LOPEZ, David BAGNARA,
Fendi: Andrea CATALDO,
LVMH Fragrance Brands: Franck DUBOST, Manuel CALADO, Frederic SCELLIER, Jerome MENARD, Patrick LEFEBVRE,
Hennessy: Joffrey CARRÉ, Philippe BARROUYER,
Rossimoda : Lorenzo BIGOLIN, Riccardo SCOCCO,
Guerlain: Laurent SERPIN, Maud BOUVIER

Parfums Christian Dior: Olivier BARON, Laurent SMITH
The Workgroup is open to any other Maison of LVMH group.
You can see in the list of the Maisons, and the sites, that we have to cover many different types of buildings: warehouse, production of leathergoods
(cutting machines, stitching, and packaging), fragrance and skincare production (requires ATEX certification in some cases), and Winery (IP65
certification). We think this is possible to align all needs with a modular design.
1.3 Rules, Costs
The participation to the Workgroup is totally free, but may require assistance to meetings, and active participation, sharing experiences, knowledge…
The Maisons cannot take the benefits without investing time, energy, in the meetings and the joint reflection of the Workgroup.
In the process of choosing a technology or a supplier, the Workgroup can ask to the Maisons to make a test in one of its buildings, at its own costs.
Travel expenses of the attendees are not paid by the Holding.
2. BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON LIGHT QUALITY AND VISION
Understanding the Physics of Light is mandatory for you, if you want to deal with the Suppliers and their technical proposals.
You will find hereafter very basic notions,
2.1 Quality of Light: Fidelity
The light is coming from the natural (sun) or artificial light (ceiling), and
bounces on the objects, until the eye of the viewer.
The colors that are present in the white light, shows the real color of the
objects.
You can notice on the rainbows that the sunlight is “containing” different
colors. This is the benchmark for artificial light.
This is also possible to mix primary colors, in order to make white light.
This is the additive synthesis of the light. Some LED luminaires are
composed of different colors of LED in a “mixing chamber” in order to
create a white light with more colors inside.
A poor “color rendering” or Fidelity of the light changes the perception

of the objects. The colors look more greyish, and dull. But this is not
linked with the intensity of the light.
This is possible to measure the white light, and identify the proportion of
each color. The standard that is used since 2015 is called TM30. This is a
statistic measurement based on 99 colors instead of 14 with the CRI,
issued in 1991.
In conclusion, the unit for the color rendering is Fidelity, this is a percentage.
Today, in the first step of the study, the audition of suppliers, we speak with CRI index of 80 and 90.
2.1 Quality of Light: Correlated Color Temperature

Unit: Kelvin (symbol: K)
Color temperatures over 5,000K are called cool colors (most used in industrial sites), while lower color temperatures (2,700–3,000 K) are called warm
colors (yellowish white through red). This relation, however, is a psychological one in contrast to the physical relation implied by Wien's displacement
law, according to which the spectral peak is shifted towards shorter wavelengths (resulting in a more blueish white) for higher temperatures. The color
temperature of sunlight above the atmosphere is about 5,900 K.
There’s a link between lux and Kelvins in the perception of the color of light, this is the Kruithof Curve :
2.2 Quantity of Light: Lux, Uniformity

Even we purchase luminaires that produce a certain amount of Lumens, the human eye perceives Lux.
The Lux level gives the illuminance provided by a light source, on a surface perpendicular to the direction to the source, is a measure of the strength of
that source as perceived from that location.
1 Lux is equal to 1 lumen per square meter.
The relation between lumens and lux is done with the beam spread. The
light is spread from the light source with a beam angle and a distance.
If the beam angle is wide the lux level decreases.
If the beam angle is narrow, the lux level increases.
The impact of distance (ceiling height) is even more important, because of the inverse square law:
The lux level can be simulated with the DIALUX software where we place in 3D each point of light, and some surfaces. This delivers a theoretical
performance of the lighting grid of the ceiling, to validate the lux level.
There are two types of representations that the Suppliers will show to you:
A- Plan view with lux levels numbers : B- Perspective view with false colors :
The software uses a depreciation factor of 0.8 to take care of the decrease of the lumen package during the lifetime of the luminaires.
To calculate the average lux level of the room, we also take off the 0.60cm in the perimeter of the space.
Of course the light is very often emitted by punctual sources, so the problem is to avoid “light holes” and mimic –again- the natural light as much as
possible. The Uniformity is the calculation of this aspect of the perception of the lighting setup. This is the result of Emin/Emoy. This factor is good at 0.5,
and very good at 0.7. A Uniformity of 1 is nearly impossible with artificial light.
You can specify lux level, and also control it on site with a lux meter. This device is not expensive and should be used by all facility managers.
The measurement is taken at the level of the Work plane (0.80m), because this is where the light is important
to have, where this light bounces first in the eye of the occupant.
The diffusion sphere must be handled parallel to the floor with no objects against it like walls, fourniture.
The interest is to receive all the rays of light coming from the ceiling, with no blocking elements.
See hereafter some common lux levels:
The quantity of light is also something legal in the European Standards since 2003. Please refer to the EN 12464-1 paper.
The standard says that the quantity of light is valid at 300 lux for the building, and 500lux on the workstation, for reading/writing/computer.
In the case of precision work, colour inspection, or quality control, a level of 1000 lux is required.
Also, the UGR (Unified Glare Rating) of the luminaires must stay under 22 for “work in industry, craft workshop”.
In conclusion, the target to be applied for the lighting consultant is a level of 300 lux for all buildings, and 1000 lux if there’s a color check, without
lights mounted on the furniture.
2.3 Impact of Light on the occupants: Vision

The objective of this study is not to provide 10 000 lux and Fidelity of 100 for the minimum of energy with LEDs. For example, an easy way to save
energy is to have clear (white) floor and ceilings! Doing this you make the space brighter and you let the light bouncing better on the surfaces.
So our target is a better vision comfort for the occupants. The quantity of light is one thing, but not everything. With LED lighting you can make any
spectrum of light, with a specific composition of colors. You can also create any kind of beam spread with the usage of optical lenses.
So we really have to understand better the vision with the human eye, in order to define the minimum requirements for a good visual comfort.
2.3.1 Visually useful light

The objective being to provide strictly what is used by the human eye, we can analyze the response of the 3 receptors that seats into our eyes:
Cones, Rods and Fovea.
Cones are active at high light levels and allow us to see color and fine detail directly in front of us. They can adapt to widely varying colors and
illumination levels, but don’t work well in low light. The vision is the best at 555nm (green). This is the Photopic vision.
Rods apply for Scotopic vision that is the vision of the eye under low light conditions. The term comes from Greek skotos meaning darkness and -opia
meaning a condition of sight. In the human eye cone cells are nonfunctional in low light – scotopic vision is produced exclusively through rod cells
which are most sensitive to wavelengths of light around 498 nm (green-blue) and are insensitive to wavelengths longer than about 640 nm (red).
As it turns out, the majority of the cones in the retina occupy only the central 2 degrees or so of our visual field of view (called the Fovea). It may
seem nonsensical, but we perceive color only within a region about the diameter of two thumbnails held at arm’s length. We may think we perceive
color within our entire field of view, but this is only because our brains are filling in the details as we visually scan a scene.
You can make the addition of the sensitivity of all cones (red + green + blue) to compare
the Photopic (day) and the Scotopic (night) visions.
The diagram, on the left, shows that the sensitivity of the rods is more important than the
one of the cones. This is logical because Mesopic vision (large view angle with the rods
in the perimeter of the Retina) happens in night time, to see any dangerous things around
us.
Photopic vision, with the Cones, happens in good light, during the day, and allows
displacements, detailed works, quality check, etc…
Of course, this is linked with the intensity of the light, and to the pupil diameter. Indoor lighting is ideal at a diameter of 2.4mm (at log (2)cd/m²).
In street lighting market, the suppliers worked on a ratio to correct the measurements of the quantity of light, according to the eye response in Scotopic
vision. This is the S/P ratio. You measure 100 lux with your lux meter? Please multiply the S/P ratio. A value greater than 1 indicates that the lamp
produces more Scotopic lumens than Photopic lumens, and your meter will under-estimate the scotopic illuminance levels. Conversely a value less
than 1 indicates that the lamp produces more Photopic lumens. See the common values of S/P ratio per type of illuminant:
That means that with the blue pic, LED lighting is far better than HPS and MV, the most used illuminants in the existing street lighting, worldwide.
This notion and calculation are important if your buildings do require outdoor lighting.
Let’s go back to indoor lighting!

If you create a light source with colors that are not well perceived by the human eye, you lose energy, money, etc.
The question is: what is the best color mix to achieve 5000 Kelvins, the color temperature that is the most appreciated in industry lighting?
If we compare the standard LED spectrum of a cold white at 5000 Kelvins, with the Photopic curve
(peak at 555nm), we obtain this:
You can see that the dome in the middle are aligned, but there’s the blue peak of the die, at the left.
A big portion of energy is used where the eye is not good at. But removing simply this portion will
make the light appear yellow, not white. The light is outside the Black Body curve. So the idea is to
include a red peak in the spectrum, with the addition of red leds inside a mixing chamber.
Combining this constraint with the High Fidelity that is expected, we can have a look at the
spectrum of the sunlight at 5000K (D50 standardized SPD). The peak value is at 480nm and the
colors are all represented until the 700nm limit, of visible light.
This being said, we can imagine a spectrum with the addition of reds at 610nm (considered as
primary red in the industry).
In conclusion…
The criteria, for LVMH group industry lighting, is the presence of RED LEDS at around 564nm to 610nm, inside the luminaire, to create a CCT of
5000K. This wavelength corresponds ideally to the sensitivity of the red cones in the human eye. To maximize the vision of the real colors of the
objects, of course the Fidelity of the light has to be over 90. This performance is reached easily with the adoption of red LEDS inside the luminaire,
because it extends the spectrum to higher wavelengths, better than with the usage a phosphor on a single blue die.
2.3.2 Glare and sunlight

Glare is very important in the field of view to determine the visual comfort of the occupants.
Luminance, in candela per square meter is the quantity of luminosity of a point in a surface emitting light. You can measure it with a luminance meter:
A standard computer screen shows luminosity of 300 to 500 cd/m². Screens for outdoor/windows are like 1000 cd/sqm.
We have seen before that the pupil is at its best with Photopic vision of log 2 to log 4 cd/m².
There are two things that the human eye doesn’t like:
- luminance peaks in the view field,
- a luminance ratio that exceeds 1 to 5 in the view field.
The luminaires and the sunlight (windows, sky domes) might introduce luminance levels over the comfort levels 10 000 cd/sqm.
For the second aspect, LVMH Lighting has developed a protocol of glare ratio measurement in the field of view, using a camera and the Photolux
software, with some customization. The output is the yes/no answer on the 1/5 ratio of the luminosity. See on the next page.
The suppliers when designing the products will introduce all necessary optical/mechanical protections agains the direct view of the occupants into the
light emitting parts. This can include louvers, honeycomb structures, recessed lenses, shoots, etc. Also, at the edge of those components, the supplier
will avoid the usage of glossy materials, and will prefer matte surfaces.
The consultant that makes the lighting audits will also take notes and report the way the building is filtering the sunlight in order to avoid glare.
Apart of the question of improving the lighting, improving the management of the sunlight is also a very important key of success of the project.
2.3.2 Glare and glossy surfaces

Glossy surfaces are reflecting the points of lights and will require specific studies in order to extend the surface that emits light, and therefore reduce
the candela per square meters.
This can happen with packagings covered with plastic foil or directly with the usage of glossy leather, glass, as raw materials in the production
process. Of course the glossy surfaces cannot be removed from the environment of the occupants, so the solution is to provide a lower luminance level
with the adoption of lambertian surfaces, like backlit ceilings.
The consultant that makes the lighting audits will notes and report the cases of glossy surfaces that are given by the production or logistic process.
2.4 Light and Health
2.4.1 Blue light, UV

Due to the presence of the blue dies in some of the LEDs (except SORAA, and multichip boards like CREE True White, ELLIPZ, KETRA) there’s
always a blue pic. This light is on the left part of the visible spectrum, close to UV, and this is armful for the human eye WHEN THERE’S A LONG
EXPOSURE AND A DIRECT LIGHT FROM THE LUMINAIRE TO THE EYE.
The blue light in the spectrum of standard LED Lighting should not be seen directly, in a long period of time, at 20 cm.
The test that will certify that the luminaires protects the eyes of the occupants is the PISEO test to determine the « Photo biological risk ».
The standard that we follow is described by the following standard: EN 62471.
Also the level of UV light remaining after passing through the phosphor coating, this UV level will be measured at the submission of prototypes.
Typically the luminaire must not provide any light with wavelengths under 400 nanometers.
2.4.2 Flickering effect of light

The dimming capabilities of the drivers of the luminaires are very important for the energy savings. But dimming doesn’t imply flickering.
The supplier must take care of the flickering effect of the light when using analog or PWM dimming solutions.
The retained definition is the percent flicker (A-B)/(A+B)x100%, which accounts for average and peak to peak amplitude.
IEEE has formed a committee in 2008 to issue research, evaluate flicker risk and develop a recommended best-practices reported in the IEEE 1789-
2025 publication (June 2015).
The recommended practice proposes a level of acceptance based on flicker frequency and the flicker level in percent:
MaxFlicker ≤ Flicker frequency x 0,08
The frequency is determined by acquiring the signal over time and measuring the period of the modulation.
The supplier shall submit only products that are on the green zone, where MaxFlicker ≤ Flicker frequency x 0,08.
The flickering can be tested by PISEO with the LVMH Lighting protocol called « Light QC ».
2.4.3 Adaptation to age and visual disability

With the age, the vision is more difficult under low lux levels. The crystalline is getting more thick and rigid.
Between people of 30 years and 60 years, the vision is 30% easier!
See the diagram on next page.
One option would be to detect badges of people with the inclusion of the age of the occupant. But this is too complicated.
The strategy is more to determine standard levels of 300 lux and 1000 lux for everybody, and to add locally lighting systems for people
that require it.
This includes not only people over 50 years, but also visually impaired people.
All adaptation of the identified workplaces can be analyzed by the consultant during the lighting audit (See section
2.4.4 Stress due to dimming programs: the “light sphere” and the “swarming” scenario
With the objective of the reduction of energy consumption, we will implement a dimming system that reacts to the presence of the occupants, and the
level of natural light inside the building. During the audition of the suppliers in October 2015, we have identified that the dimming system allows
doubling the energy savings.
Most of the actual solutions of the market include sensors for both items. Sensors can be on the luminaire or standalone.
Today most of the softwares are grouping luminaires together, and they define very simple behaviors like when someone enters under the sensor, the
light goes up... This software requires some important resources either with the training of an internal expert, or the (costly) intervention of external
“DALI-experts” and that happens every time you change something in the production process, or the storage units.
We want to design with you a system that is software-free.
The light level per area, and the optics plugged on the luminaires are the only things that the installation has to know, in order to deliver the right
behavior for the light network. When equipped with enough sensors for presence and light, we can drive the behavior of the grid, with a good
granularity, each luminaire being independently addressable. This is the “swarming” scenario, where the light cloud follows the occupants.
Here comes the stress depicted by actual users of the standard dimming systems. People are really dependent on the light during displacements inside
the building. This is also different when people are static, or walking, or driving a vehicle in a logistic center. You cannot dim down the light badly.
And moving faster, you need a wider lit landscape. The actual scenarios, even with groups of luminaires, don’t give a natural feeling, with soft changes
adapted to your speed, and location. Light changes are perceived as uncomfortable, not natural. The challenge, in the “swarming” scenario is to create
spheres of light around the occupants, where the diameter of the sphere is adapted to the speed of the people, and the configuration of the space
(corridor vs open space, tracks, etc.) to accompany in the best way the human behaviors.
2.4.5 The circadian rythms with tunable white versions
Another impact of lighting on the health, due to the 4th receptors located in the human eye (Melanopsin discovered in 2002), is the regulation the body
clock. The cold light of the sun in the morning wakes up our body (secretion of adrenaline) and the warm light of the evening prepares us to sleep
(secretion of melatonine).
People working under a static cold light of 5000Kelvins are impacted and they are in the bluish light that says “wake up”. For the moment this is like
every industrial building and we identified this question. But today the technology and the market is not ready for a tunable white solution. This is
away too much expensive to build this, even with the size of LVMH group.
2.5 Life Cycle Analysis of the products
The environmental impact of the activities of LVMH group will be improved with the adoption of the good LED lighting that will come out from this
common work. Of course, the impact of the procurement of the lighting solution, described in this document, has to be as small as possible.
The supplier is asked to be transparent with the real location of the production site, and he allows LVMH Lighting to lead an environmental audit at any
time. Also the transport of the products to the installation site is asked to be done by boat or train, and not by plane, with a good planification in advance.
We see also the adoption of new standards and regulations that ask us to perform the assessment of the environmental profile of the products when you
want to publish allegations about the environmental performance of your building (ISO14001, ISO50001, HQE, etc.).
Please refer to XP C08-100-1 experimental standard, available on the website of the AFNOR.
2.6 Certifications of the products (ATEX, IP65)
For some of our production sites, the luminaires needs to have ATEX certifications for atmospheres with alcohol (spirit or fragrance production sites).
For other sites, like winery, that wash the rooms with high pressure water, the IP65 certification is asked to the suppliers.
In order to optimize the costs, the supplier will develop a modular solution that can be standard, or that can receive an ATEX or IP certified packaging.
This is for both linear and punctual luminaires.
3. THE “ONE YEAR” PROCESS

3.1 Customization?
The project leads us to custom products, and not “on the shelve solutions”.
First reason, creativity is in the NDA of LVMH group, and with a warranty of 10 years, we require the best advanced solution, with the technology bricks
that are available on the market. This can happen with a combination of various innovations found by LVMH Lighting or by the supplier himself.
Second reason, the brief comes from LVMH Lighting, and the solutions from the (multiple) suppliers.
This is to avoid any allegiance to a single supplier with proprietary technology.
3.2 Different Steps to agree on the same solution
The Study leaded by LVMH Lighting is covering 5 different steps:
 step 1 : partner’s recruitment and market survey
 step 2 : product definition (this document) and validation by the Maisons of the workgroup
 step 3 : tests on specific technologies that are meant to be integrated in the solution, and validation
 step 4 : identification of needs and quantities by a consultant, to obtain
 step 5 : bid proposed to 10 suppliers and validation of 3 by the Maisons
3.3 Calendar of the workgroup sessions
Step 1. Partner’s recruitment and market survey

15 of October was the audition of 15 suppliers in one single day
Step 2. Product definition

January and February 2016: presentation and validation of this document
Step 3. Tests on specific technologies

March to June 2016: tests of ENERGIE IP , ECHY, LVMH Spectrums, Swarming software (see section 6)
Meeting about the conclusions of the tests
Step 4. Consolidation of quantities by a consultant

March to September 2016: audits of the needs in all the sites
Meeting in Sept with the consolidation of the quantities / timings and bidding process
Step 5. bid proposed to 10 suppliers and validation of 3

September to November 2016: bidding with 10 suppliers
Meeting in November 2016 to select only 3 partners
Step 6. Implementation of the solution from January 2017, feedbacks, improvements

from January 2017
4. Step 1: SELECTION OF PARTNERS, MARKET SURVEY
4.1 Brief sent in September 2015

See hereafter the text that was sent to the given partners for the preparation of the audition, the 14th of September 2015:
Dear Partner,
Since the creation of LVMH Lighting I have seen many productions sites that are
looking for a good light. Good in terms of quality (glare, SDCM, reliability), and
good for the environment (smart).
But I have seen also that the technical choices are impacting the costs of
commissioning, and reprogramming.
In order to optimize our procurement, and make - nice to have - innovations,

we have decided to group 6 Maisons, that would represent a potential business of
100 000 square meters to equip, in the next 3 years:
- LVMH Fragrance Brands (2 sites)
- Loewe
- Parfums Christian Dior
- Louis Vuitton Malletier (10 sites)
- Dior Couture
- Loro Piana
This list is not closed/limited and the solution we will find and negotiate, will be of
course communicated to the 70 Maisons of LVMH group.
In order to launch this workgroup an narrow the supplier’s list, we will meet you the
22th of September at the LVMH HQ.
Every supplier will have only 30 mins to describe:

- his company
- the range of led luminaires for heights of 4, 8 and 12 meters
- the possibility of changing the beam angles
- the possibility to certify the housing IP20, IP65, or ATEX
- the range of sensors for daylight and presence

- the way the luminaires and sensors communicate with the computer
- the software that could be used, and if reprogramming requires a specific
"technician"
- the type of warranty that you apply normally for 7 years, or 10 years
Also I share with you this drawing:
7-PLAN 7-DE ZONE OUEST.PDF
I have no dwg file, sorry. The space is symmetrical.

We ask you to calculate the cost for 500 lux, the luminaires being at 4 meter high.
Today I ask you to confirm that you are available the 22 th of September for this
presentation in Paris, av Montaigne.
After, I will send the electronic invitation to all suppliers. It is only half an hour, but a
good product doesn’t need a long speech to be adopted.
Thank you for your quick answer.

Thank you for your partnership.
Nicolas Martin-Johner
And the 28/09 I sent this :

I have to clarify some points for the case studie below:
> the uniformity on the floor has to be not less than 0.7 (except 0.6m at the
perimeter)
> the quotations should cover the following levels: 200lux / 500lux /1000lux at
CRI80 and 1000lux at CRI90
The date of the auditions by our group is the 22th of October, at 22 av Montaigne.
I am sending to each supplier the electronic invitation for the 30mins auditions.
Please confirm. Thank you for your partnership,
4.2 List of partners for the 1st audition
See hereafter the list of partners that were asked to present their solution and cost calculations:
ETAP
COMEBACK (french LG distributor)
LEDPOWER
EAS
DIGITAL LUMENS
ENERGIE IP/DEBBAS
ARTHEOS
SECANTE/ECHY
ZUMTOBEL
ODELI
TRATO
LIFEGATE
PHILIPS
After the audition, I accepted also to introduce the following candidates:
ASTRALUX
SPECECLAIR
CREE LIGHTING
4.3 What we learned from the audition of 15 suppliers in one day
- the average cost per m² is around 60€ (incl. installation)

- ROI of 3 years is possible, outside France, where the electricity is not expensive,
- a warranty of 5 years is common, 7 years possible, 10 years : we can negotiate
- lux levels and CRI are the parameters that modify deeply the price (more the lux than CRI)
- the sensors with software can double the savings (80% vs 40%)
- there are other impacts and benefits like the quality of life at work, productivity, traffic mapping, indoor gps...
- lighting at the workspace/machine vs ceiling is a question that we have to address also
- under 6m the market goes for linear lighting, over 6 meters we apply big punctual sources
- all suppliers can provide the IP68 (wines and spirits), and ATEX (spirits, fragrances) options
- the protocols that are proposed are converging to DALI (with wires) and ZIGBEE (wireless)
Best software: DIGITAL LUMENS
Best products: ZUMTOBEL
Best presentation: ETAP, ODELI
Some technologies are emerging and may worth to be tested:
 ECHY with SECANTE (fiber optics to bring sunlight into the buildings),
 ENERGIE IP (Ethernet cable that brings energy and information to the luminaire)
5. Step 2: product definition
Based on the regulations, the market survey, and the studies on human vision, we can determine the production specification hereafter, in order:
- To procure the best visual comfort, and productivity to the occupants

- To procure the best energy savings and reduction of CO2 emissions (scope 1)
- To procure the best price possible, with a 10 year warranty, due to the mutualization between the Maisons and going direct to the producer
5.1 The linear luminaire for ceilings under 6 meters
One luminaire of 1m50 long, with the following parameters:
 5000Kelvins +/- 150 Kelvins, or 3 SDCM

 Fidelity over 90
 6000 Lumens per meter
 Presence of red LEDs inside the light engine (564-610nm)
 Efficacy over 100lm/watt (complete system)
 Optical layer for the UGR 20 (anti-glare system)
 Reduced flickering effect (Max < 0.8 Frequency)
 Connectivity to an information network (i.e. IP, Zigbee, DALI, etc.)
 Easy mounting system and easy access to the driver, if inside
The luminaire is coming without optics. The final client has to order the right set of optic, depending on the application:
 Narrow: 30 degrees
 Wide : 60 degrees
 Asymmetrical (for racks) : 2x30 degrees
The luminaire can integrate the sensors, or the sensors can be a separate device. See section 5.4.
5.2 The punctual luminaire for ceilings over 6 meters

One luminaire of 1m50 long, with the following parameters:
 5000Kelvins +/- 150 Kelvins, or 3 SDCM

 Fidelity over 90
 12 000 Lumens
 Presence of red LEDs inside the light engine (564-610nm)
 Efficacy over 100lm/watt (complete system)
 Optical layer for the UGR 20 (anti-glare system)
 Reduced flickering effect (Max < 0.8 Frequency)
 Connectivity to an information network (i.e. IP, Zigbee, DALI, etc.)
 Easy mounting system and easy access to the driver, if inside
The luminaire is coming without optics. The final client has to order the right set of optic, depending on the application:
 Narrow: 30 degrees
 Wide : 60 degrees
 Asymmetrical (for racks) : 2x30 degrees
The luminaire can integrate the sensors, or the sensors can be a separate device. See section 5.4.
5.3 The “packaging” options for specific certifications
The linear and punctual luminaires can be covered with two types of protections:
- ATEX Zone 2 (EN 60079-1)

- IP 65 (IEC 60529 )
This protection should have no impact on the photometry of the luminaire.
5.4 The sensors
With the firm objective to be soft with light dimming scenarios (“swarming concept”), the day and presence sensors have to be designed and located in
order to give to the central server a clear model of the building, with no gaps, and a good resolution.
The supplier is responsible to prove, in its answer to our RFP, that its outsourced system allows detecting the presence of a human body in a resolution of
2x2 meters. This is very important to give the sensation that the light follows you. This resolution is not necessarily obtained with hundreds of “standard”
sensors, found on the shelves.
The target of 300 and 1000 lux are also obtained with the server that gives real time instructions individually to each luminaire. The resolution and
tolerance for this real time measurement is 10 lux. The frequency of the measures is one per minute because we are adapting the lighting grid to the
sunlight, which is evolving slowly (even with clouds, etc.).
5.5 The 10 years warranty
We ask to the suppliers that will answer to our RFP a warranty of 10 years on the products. The warranty terms are detailed on the LVMH Lighting
Master Agreement. This document says that during the lifetime of 10 years, the product doesn’t lose more than 20% of the lumen output (L80B10), and
also the color shift is not exceed one additional Mac Adam Ellipse (4 ellipses after 10 years, 3 at the beginning).
6. Step 3: tests on specific technologies
During the market survey we have found some innovative technologies that can be mixed with good lighting luminaires. Those technologies invented by
emerging French companies worth to test, again to take some advance. Also, the hypothesis that we have taken during our study on human centric lighting
need to be validated by a real life test, and survey. The LVMH Maisons of this workgroup are asked to test any of the 4 initiatives below, in order to feed
the workgroup with interesting feedbacks.
6.1 ECHY: lighting with Sunlight

SECANTE Company came with the technology provided by ECHY, a French startup, who works on the integration of the sunlight on the roof, into the
inner space of the building, with the help of optical fibers. This is free light! And Fidelity of 100! Despite the quality of the presentation, and the beauty of
the idea, the test has to be done to validate that the solution is 1. Efficient, 2. Cost effective. We will try the solution in one of the sites of the LVMH
Maisons.
6.2 ENERGIE IP: power and communication with Ethernet cables

ENERGIE IP Company presented a new and patented system that is based on Ethernet cables. Information and power supply are going together inside the
cat 5 cables. This is Power over Ethernet. We will test this solution to compare with Zigbee that is wireless.
6.3 LVMH 5000K Spectrum: high CRI allowing lower lux levels?
We will test the 5000K Spectrum with red LEDs in comparison with a 5000K white LED. Two different areas will be equipped and a survey will say if
the people see better the colors in the LVMH Spectrum.
6.4 Swarming scenario: the end of programming DALI

We will test the “Swarming Scenario” to see if the people like it, want it, and if the software-free strategy is good.
7. Step 4: Consolidation of quantities, by an external consultant

The external consultant, that will lead the lighting audit for a Maison, should not have any kind of link, or interest with the Suppliers that are answering to
our Request for Proposal. This is clear that the lighting audit that is requested DOESN’T include any advice on what should be installed, at what cost, etc.
This is the responsibility of the Workgroup to decide collegially what we will purchase together.
The confidentiality is also very important when entering into LVMH production and logistic sites. The auditor agrees to sign the confidentiality
agreement of the Maison and to respect all procedures and safety protections during the visits.
7.1 The necessary tasks to achieve

The consultant is not a "lighting designer" with an artistic and aesthetic approach, but purely a good and rigorous engineer that works in the field of
lighting. The consultant is in direct contact with the Maison to lead the lighting audit, without any control of LVMH Lighting.
Apart of the tasks described below, the auditor is asked to be pro-active and agile, in order to determine:
 Where are applied to 2 lux levels of 300 or 1000 lux in the site of the Maison, according to the different activities
 If there’s a strong impact of the sunlight and the possible usage of glossy raw materials or packagings stored on racks
7.1.1 Plans and data recovery

The auditor is asking to the Maisons all the drawings of the building in DWG file format. The drawings should include the lighting grid and the
furniture in the actual position. If this is not the case, the auditor will chase for these infos and provide optional services to re-create the data from
scratch. The auditor can make it himself or can sub-contract to any third party.
7.1.2 Light quality measurement and recording

The auditor is recording punctual measures of the quality of light at the workplane level (0,75m) on a grid on the drawings, every 5 meters. The light
quality parameters are the followings: CCT, CRI or Fidelity, and LUX levels.
The auditor uses a calibrated and certified spectrometer to take the measurements.
When measuring spaces that are impacted by the sunlight, the auditor tries to make all measurements of this space in one hour, and he/she takes notes
of the time of the day.
7.1.3 Energy measurement (BEFORE)
In order to calculate the Return On Investment of the renovation project, LVMH Lighting will require a calculation of the energy savings.
The auditor is asked to register the power consumption of all luminaires, in the Excel sheet, so that we can make the grand total.
7.1.4 Quantities per type of applications (DIALUX)
After the above tasks done, the auditor is capable to make a Dialux simulation of the building in the actual situation, and after the installation of the
new system described in this document.
The auditor knows which areas are meant to have 300, or 1000 lux, and he knows the performances of the linear and punctual luminaires that we will
develop for this project. With all those informations, the auditor will be able to simulate the theoretical layout of the future luminaires.
LVMH Lighting will provide the auditors with .IES files of the theoretical luminaires, with the different beam angles (6 files in total).
According to the project simulated on Dialux, the auditor delivers to LVMH Lighting the quantities per product, per area, to realize the new lighting
project. The definition of the different areas is the choice of the Maisons; we keep the same names for the whole project.
7.2 The selected candidates
We have found that the following candidates can make these audits in France, Spain, and Italy:
REXEL, ENGIE, ILICO, OPUS LIGHT, INGELUX, LUMILA
Today we didn’t receive all price offers from the given candidates and may reduce the list after this consultation. You will be informed of the updates.
Also this list is not closed and the Maisons of the Workgroup can of course introduce other consultants.
7.3 The unified format, and single chart
LVMH Lighting is responsible for the consolidation of all the data coming from the lighting audits of the Maisons.
The Holding will deliver the same Excel sheet to all auditors and ask them to use it…
7.4 The costs of the lighting audits
Each Maison organizes and pays for the lighting audits with the objective of reaching the deadline agreed by the workgroup. The validated auditors are
briefed by LVMH and they use the same protocol, this is the only way to have the same quality of data for all sites, because the final objective is to
consolidate all the needs of the Maison in one single negotiation.
8. Step 5: bidding procedure
8.1 Bidding procedure with LVMH Lighting
The answer of the supplier should arrive on time, and will include 4 parts: A, B, C, D and E hereafter:
A- Price per range of quantities per reference

The description of the products is done by LVMH Lighting and the suppliers acknowledge that the price corresponds to a product that fulfills all given
specifications. The supplier should not describe the products in its answer, to avoid any misunderstandings, or mistakes. The suppliers just refer to the
description given by LVMH Lighting. Today in this document you find a draft specification but the official specification will be issued after Step 3.
All the development, certification, and tooling costs are to be included in the unit’s cost. That’s why we ask a proposal per range of quantities.
The mechanism is that the price is static for the Maisons, and at the end of the year, the suppliers delivers a year end rebate
B- Technology licensing agreement

The tested and approved technologies (Step 3) are asked to be introduced in the solution provided by the supplier.
The supplier has to certify that the ideas, the functionalities, or the performances that are asked, are all included in the solution.
The simplest way is to include an agreement letter of the given « technology providers », saying that they agree to supply the
C- Test of both luminaires (linear and punctual)

LVMH Lighting has developed a light testing protocol to validate the quality of all lighting products. Please contact PISEO laboratory.
D- Signature of the LVMH Lighting Master Agreement, after negotiation of the markups
Please contact M. Nicolas Martin-Johner if you don’t have the LVMH Lighting Master Agreement.
E- Environmental Policy for the eco-design of the product, and the production process that would be adopted

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Lighting Production Sites and Warehouses at LVMH group

1.1 Aim of the Workgroup ..................................................................... 5

2. BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON LIGHT QUALITY AND VISION ...... 7

2.1 Quality of Light: Fidelity ................................................................. 7

2.3.1 Visually useful light ............................................................... 14

2.4 Light and Health ............................................................................ 23

2.4.1 Blue light, UV ........................................................................ 23

2.5 Life Cycle Analysis of the products............................................... 28

3. THE “ONE YEAR” PROCESS ...................................................... 30

3.1 Customization? .............................................................................. 30

4. Step 1: SELECTION OF PARTNERS, MARKET SURVEY ........ 32

4.1 Brief sent in September 2015......................................................... 32

5. Step 2: product definition .................................................................... 36

5.1 The linear luminaire for ceilings under 6 meters ........................... 36

6. Step 3: tests on specific technologies .................................................. 39

6.1 ECHY: lighting with Sunlight ....................................................... 39

7. Step 4: Consolidation of quantities, by an external consultant............ 40

7.1 The necessary tasks to achieve ...................................................... 40

7.1.1 Plans and data recovery .......................................................... 40

7.2 The selected candidates ................................................................. 42

8. Step 5: bidding procedure.................................................................... 43

8.1 Bidding procedure with LVMH Lighting ...................................... 43

1. INTRODUCTION: THE WORKGROUP

1.2 Participants in January 2016

Loro Piana: Carmelo Erbetta, Gabriele De Fabiani, Nicola GUSSETTI,

Guerlain: Laurent SERPIN, Maud BOUVIER

The Workgroup is open to any other Maison of LVMH group.

1.3 Rules, Costs

2. BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON LIGHT QUALITY AND VISION

2.1 Quality of Light: Fidelity

A poor “color rendering” or Fidelity of the light changes the perception

2.1 Quality of Light: Correlated Color Temperature

2.2 Quantity of Light: Lux, Uniformity

1 Lux is equal to 1 lumen per square meter.

lights mounted on the furniture.

2.3 Impact of Light on the occupants: Vision

2.3.1 Visually useful light

Let’s go back to indoor lighting!

2.3.2 Glare and sunlight

- luminance peaks in the view field,

- a luminance ratio that exceeds 1 to 5 in the view field.

2.3.2 Glare and glossy surfaces

2.4 Light and Health

2.4.1 Blue light, UV

2.4.2 Flickering effect of light

2.4.3 Adaptation to age and visual disability

See the diagram on next page.

We want to design with you a system that is software-free.

2.4.5 The circadian rythms with tunable white versions

2.5 Life Cycle Analysis of the products

2.6 Certifications of the products (ATEX, IP65)

This is for both linear and punctual luminaires.

3. THE “ONE YEAR” PROCESS

3.2 Different Steps to agree on the same solution

The Study leaded by LVMH Lighting is covering 5 different steps:

 step 1 : partner’s recruitment and market survey

 step 4 : identification of needs and quantities by a consultant, to obtain

 step 5 : bid proposed to 10 suppliers and validation of 3 by the Maisons

3.3 Calendar of the workgroup sessions

Step 1. Partner’s recruitment and market survey

Step 2. Product definition

Step 3. Tests on specific technologies

Step 4. Consolidation of quantities by a consultant