CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Classification of Criminal Law
What is Criminal Justice System?
- The machinery of the State or
government, which enforces the rules of
conduct necessary to protect life and
property and maintain peace and order.
- Totality of activities of the law
enforcement, prosecution, courts,
correction and community.
-It is a systematized process which the
government uses to maintain social
control by enforcing laws and
administering justice to maintain peace
and order.
What is Criminology?
-It is defined as the body of knowledge regarding
crime as a social phenomenon.
Concept of Crime
Crime is voluntary and intentional
violation by a legally competent person of a legal
duty that commands or prohibits an act for the
protection of society. (Atty. Gabao, 2013)
Crime is an act committed or omitted in
violation of a public law forbidding or
commanding it. (Reyes, 2013)
What is criminal?
The criminal is the principal character in the
processes conducted by the 5 pillars
What is Criminal Law?
-It is defined as the branch of public law which
defines crimes, treats of their nature, and
provide for their punishment.
 Substantive Criminal Law- defines
elements that are necessary for an act to
constitute a crime and therefore
punishable.
 Procedural Criminal Law- refers to a
statute that provides procedures
appropriate for the enforcement of the
Substantive Criminal law.
Basic principles of criminal law we adhere to
in the administration of the CJS in the
Philippines
 The first is “the presumption of
innocence”. This means that those who
are accused of crimes are considered
innocent until proven guilty.
 The second is “the burden of proof which
in criminal cases means that the
government must prove beyond
reasonable doubt” that the suspect
committed the crime. (Atty. Gabao, 2013)
Components of the Philippine Criminal
Justice System
Five Pillars of the PCJS
 Law Enforcement- the enforcement of
the laws of the land, including the
apprehension of possible violations of
such law
 Prosecution- the process of accusing the
person in court of a law violation,
particularly those criminal in nature.
 Court- is the institution charged with the
trial, or finding out whether a person is
guilty of a law violation and determination
of his punishment.
 Correctional Institution- carries out the
correction reformation, punishment, and
rehabilitation of an individual adjudged by
 a court of law as guilty of committing a
criminal offense.
 Community- the newest pillar of PCJS,
being the unit of society where individuals
who have committed criminal offenses
and are deemed reformed and
rehabilitated after undergoing correction,
are being accepted as a totally new and
productive citizen
.Nomenclatures given to the person
who is being processed under the
PCJS.
1. At the police stage, during investigation,
he is referred to as the SUSPECT.
2. At the Prosecution office, during the
determination of probable cause or during
the Preliminary Investigation, he is
referred to as the RESPONDENT.
3. At the trial of the case, when a case has
been filed in Court, he is referred to as
the ACCUSED.
4. Once the court has determined that the
accused is guilty beyond reasonable
doubt as charged and the judgment has
been rendered, he is referred to as the
CONVICT.
5. It is only upon undergoing all the process
when the person has served the sentence
when he can really be considered as a
CRIMINAL. (Atty. Gabao, 2013)
5. The proper disposition of those who have
been legally found guilty.
6. The correction by socially approved
means of the behaviour of those who
violate the law.
Philosophical Approaches behind CJS
1. Adversarial Approach
 Where the accused is innocent until
proven guilty.
2. Inquisitorial Approach
 Where the accused is guilty until proven
innocent.
Due Process Of Law- a fundamental
constitutional guarantee that all legal
proceedings will be fair and that one will
be given notice of the proceedings and an
opportunity to be heard before the
government acts to take away one’s life,
liberty, or property.
American CJS vs Philippines CJS
1. Law 1. Law
Enforcement Enforcement
2. Courts 2. Prosecution

3. Corrections 3. Courts
Primary Goals of the CJS
1. To protect the members of the society 4. Corrections
2. The maintenance of peace and order.
Secondary Goals of the CJS 5. Community
1. The prevention of crime
2. The suppression of criminal conduct by
apprehending offenders for the
prevention is ineffective.
3. The review of the legality of our
preventive and suppressive measures. THE FIRST PILLAR (Law Enforcement)
4. The judicial determination of guilt or
innocence of those apprehended.
The Law Enforcement as the first pillar is
considered to be the “initiator” or the “prime-
mover” of the Criminal Justice System.
-This pillar of the CJS involves prevention of the
commission of crime and the protection of life,
liberty and properties of the citizen.
When they learn of the commission of crime
or discover them, their specific duties are:
a. Investigate Crime
b. Arrest Suspects
c. Refer the case and the suspect to the
public prosecutor.
Premier Law Enforcement Agencies
1. The Philippine National Police
2. National Bureau of Investigation
3. Bureau of Internal Revenue
Other Law Enforcement agencies in the
Philippines.
1. PCG- Philippine Coast Guard
2. PPA- Philippine Ports Authority
3. AFP- Armed Forces of the Philippines
4. AMLC- Anti- Money Laundering Council
5. PDEA- Philippine Drug Enforcement
Agency
6. BI- Bureau of Immigration
7. BOC- Bureau of Customs
8. PCTC- Philippine Center on
Transnational Crime
9. ATC- Anti- Terrorism Council
10. NICA- National Intelligence Coordinating
Agency
11. MMDA- Metro Manila Development
Authority
12. SEC- Securities and Exchange
Commission
13. LTO-Land Transportation Office
14. DOLE—Department of Labor and
Employment
15. BFP- Bureau of Fire and Protection
16. BJMP- Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology
Functions of Law Enforcement relation to
administration of the CJS
1. To Prevent Criminal Behavior
2. To reduce Crime
3. To apprehend and arrest offenders
4. To protect the life and property
5. To regulate non-criminal conduct
The Evolution of Philippine Police Service
SPANISH PERIOD
Carabineros de Seguridad Publica
 Cuerpo de Seguridad Publica
 Organized in 1712 for the purpose of
carrying the regulation of the Department
of state: this was armed and considered
as the mounted police.
Guardrilleros / Cuardillo
 This was a body of rural police
organized in each town and
established by the Royal Decree of 18
January 1836, this decree provide that
5% of the able-bodied male
inhabitants of each province were to
be enlisted in this police
organization for three years.
Guardia Civil
 This was created by a Royal Decree
issued by the Crown on 12 February
1852 to partially relieve the Spanish
Peninsular troops of their work in
policing towns; it considered of a
body of Filipino policemen organized
originally in each of the provincial
capitals of the central provinces of
Luzon.
 RA 6975- An act establishing the PNP
under a reorganized department of the
DILG and for other purposes, December
13, 1990.
 Interior and Local Government Act
of 1990
 PNP Law
 DILG Law
Philippine National Police
 Organized pursuant to RA 6975, as
amended by RA 8551 and RA 9708.
 Establish and maintain one police force
which shall be national in scope and
civilian in character
 A law enforcement agency under the
operational control of DILG and
administrative control and operational
supervision of the National Police
Commission.
PNP (RA 6975 sec.27 Statutory Powers
of the Police).
1. Enforce all laws and ordinances
relatives to the protection of lives
and properties;
2. Maintain peace and order and
ensure public safety;
3. Make arrest, search and seizures
in accordance with Constitution
and pertinent laws;
4. Investigate and prevent crimes,
effect arrest and assist in
prosecution.
5. Detain arrested persons, informing
him of his rights under the
Constitution and pertinent laws.
Define Arrest
Arrest refers to the taking of the person
into custody in order that he may be
bound to answer for the commission of
the crime. (Rule 113, Section 1).
What is Warrant of Arrest?
 Legal process issued by a
competent authority, directing the
arrest of a person or persons upon
grounds stated therein.
Methods of Arrest:
a. Arrest with warrant- by virtue of a
warrant of arrest issued by judge.
b. Warrantless Arrest- effected by a
peace officer or any private person on
the following strengths:
 The person has committed is
committing or is about to
commit an offense.
 An offense has been committed
and the arresting person has
personal knowledge of facts
indicating the commission by
the offender.
 The person to be arrested is an
escapee. (Rule 113, Section 5)
Constitutional Rights of Person under
Arrest
1. Must be informed of his rights
2. No means of force to vitiate the free
will shall be used against him.
3. Any confession or admission obtained
in violation of his rights be admissible
in evidence against him.
THE SECOND PILLAR (Prosecution)
Prosecution is the pillar in CJS which is
mandated to investigate penal violations and
evaluate evidence in preliminary investigation.
Prosecution- method whereby accusations are
brought before a court of justice to determine the
innocence or guilt of the accused.
The Prosecutor
  The officer of the court whose criminal
justice responsibility is to examine the
offense charged.
 The prosecutor is the government officer
tasked to conduct the prosecution of
criminal action in court.(Atty. Gabao,
2017)
 Public prosecutor represents the State
or the People of the Philippines.
Roles of the Prosecutor
a. To conduct preliminary investigation
b. To make proper recommendation during the
inquest proceeding of the case referred to
them by the police after the investigation of
the suspect.
c. To represent the government or state during
the prosecution of the case against the
accused;
d. To investigate administrative cases filed
against State Prosecutors, provincial
Prosecutors, including the support staff of
the National prosecution Service (NPS).
Preliminary Investigation- is an inquiry or
proceeding to determine whether there is
sufficient ground to engender a well
-founded belief that a crime has been committed
and the respondent is probably guilt thereof
and should be held for trial.
When can there be preliminary
investigation?
A preliminary investigation is required to be
conducted before the filing of the complaint or
information for an offense where the penalty
prescribed by the law is at; least four (4) years,
two (2) months and one (1) day without regard
to the fine.
Complaint- a sworn written statement charging
a person with an offense subscribed by the
offended party or peace officer charged with the
enforcement of the law violated and filed with
the public prosecutor.
Information- an accusation in writing charging a
person with an offense subscribed by the fiscal
and filed with the court.
Procedures in Preliminary Investigation
1. Filing of complaint and affidavits of
witnesses by the police, complainant or
public officer in charge of the
enforcement of the law alleged to have
been violated.
2. Personal examination of affiants by the
investigating prosecutor
3. Preliminary action by the investigating
prosecutor.
 Dismiss the complaint if he finds
no cause to continue with the
inquiry
 Issue subpoena to respondent
enquiring him to submit a counter
affidavit
If no counter affidavit submitted, the
prosecutor will
4. Preparation of resolution- Based on the
evidence presented, the investigating
prosecutor may:
Probable Cause- Such facts and
circumstances that would lead a reasonably
discreet and prudent man that the person
sought to be arrested has committed an
offense.
Necessity of Preliminary Investigation
A preliminary investigation is an important
substantive right of persons suspected of
crimes, the deprivation of which is
tantamount to a deprivation of due process
of law.

Is there an instance when preliminary
investigation is not required?
Yes, when the offender ws arrested without a
warrant an INQUEST investigation will be
conducted.
Inquest Investigation- an informal and
summary investigation conducted by a public
prosecutor in criminal case involving persons
arrested and detained without the benefit of a
warrant of arrest for the purpose of
determining whether or not said person
should remain under custody .
Persons authorized to conduct
preliminary investigation
a. Provincial or City Prosecutors and their
assistants;
b. National and Regional State Prosecutors;
and
c. Other officers as may be authorized by
law.
Other officers authorized by law to
conduct preliminary investigations
1. The Ombudsman and special
prosecutor.
2. The COMELEC
3. Private lawyers hen duly deputized.
Who issue a warrant of arrest?
- The JUDGE
- warrant of arrest or search warrant.
The Public Attorney’s Office (PAO)
(Defense Attorney)
- The attorney representing the defendant
in a lawsuit or criminal prosecution.
What is Bail?
It is the security given for the release of
the person in the custody of the law,
furnished by him or the bondman, to
guarantee his appearance before any court
as required under the conditions as
specified.
Different kind of Bail bond
Property
Cash
Corporate Surety
Recognizance
THIRD PILLAR (Court)
The Court
 The pillar in PCJS which is mandated
to try and issue judgement on the
cases between the accused and
victim.
 A body to which the public
administration of justice is delegated
through which the state enforces its
sovereign rights and powers.
 The final arbiter of all disputes or
issues involving violations of criminal
laws or other laws as the nature of
the case may be.
Judge- is a public officer so named in his
commission and appointed to preside over and
to administer the law in a court of justice.
 Judges determine whether there is
probable cause for the issuance of the
 They determine whether the accused will
be released on bail or the amount of bail
to be posted.
 They hear and rule on the motions made
by the defense and the prosecutor before
the trial.
Jurisdiction- is the authority of the court to hear Justice which are all appointed by the President
and try a particular offense and to impose the with the advice by the cabinet. All judges of
punishment provided by law. inferior courts shall be appointed by the
president with the advice of the Supreme Court.
Venue- refers to the place, location or site Qualifications
where the case is to be heard on its merits.  Must be a citizen of the Philippines
 At least 40 years old
Different Courts and their Respective  Has been judge and engage in the
Jurisdiction in criminal cases practice of law of the Philippines for at
Courts Jurisdiction least 15 years.
1. Municipal Trial Court a. All violations of
2. Municipal Circuit city and CRIMINAL ACTION- the procedure by
Trial Court municipal which a person accused of committing a
3. Metropolitan Trial ordinances
crime is charged, brought to trial and
Court committed
within their judged.
jurisdiction;
b. Overall offenses Stages of a Criminal Action
punishable with Arraignment- is the proceeding in a
imprisonment criminal case, whose object is to fix the
not exceeding 6
identity of the accused, to inform him of
years
the charge and to give him an opportunity
Regional Trial Court Over all offenses
(RTC) punishable with to plead, or to obtain from the accused
imprisonment his answer, in other words, his plea to the
exceeding 6 years information.
Sandiganbayan Violations of R.A 3019, Arraignment is made: 1. in open court
(Special Court) otherwise known as where the complaint or information has been
the Anti-Graft and filed or assigned for trial; 2. by the judge or
corrupt practices act,
clerk of court; 3. By furnishing the accused
R. A 1379
Court of Appeals Its main function is to with a copy of the complaint or information;
hear appeals from the 4. Reading it in a language or dialect known
lower courts to the accused; 5. Asking accused whether
Court Of Tax Appeals Overall matters he pleads guilty or not guilty. 6. Both
(Special Court) involving criminal arraignment and plea shall be made of
violation and collection record but failure to enter of record shall not
of revenues under the
affect the validity of the proceedings.
National Internal
Revenue Code and
Tariff and Customs Pre-trial- There can only be a pre-trial
Code when the accused pleads not guilty.
Supreme Court Shall have the final When is pre-trial held?
authority, the last After arraignment and within thirty (30)
resort tribunal. Its days from the date the court acquires
ruling cannot be
jurisdiction over the person of the
appealed.
accused
Justices in the Supreme Court- shall be Purpose of Pre-trial
composed of a chief Justice and 14 Associate
1. Plea bargaining- Plea bargaining is the
process whereby the accused, the offended
party and the prosecution work out a mutually
satisfactory disposition of the case subject to
court approval.
2. Stipulation of facts;
3. Marking for identification of evidence of
parties;
4. Waiver of objections to admissibility of
evidence;
5. Modification of the order of the trial if one
of the accused admits the charge but interposes
a lawful defense (reverse trial); and
6. Such other matters as will promote a fair
and expeditious trial of the civil and criminal
aspects of the case.
Trial- is the examination before a
competent tribunal according to the laws
of the land, of facts put in issue in a case
for the purpose of determining such
issue.
-After a plea of not guilty is entered, the
accused shall have at least fifteen (15)
days to prepare for trial. The trial shall
commence within 30 days from receipt of
pre-trial order.
What is the order of trial in criminal cases?
In criminal cases, the trial shall proceed
in the following order:
1. The prosecution shall present evidence
to prove the charge and, in the proper
case, the civil liability.
2. The accused may present evidence to
prove his defense, and damages, if any,
arising from the issuance of a provisional
remedy in the case.
3. The prosecution and the defense may,
in that order, present rebuttal and sur-
rebuttal evidence unless the court, in
furtherance of justice, permits them to
present additional evidence bearing upon
the main issue.
4. Upon admission of the evidence of the
parties, the case shall be deemed
submitted for decision unless the court
directs them to argue orally or to submit
written memoranda (Sec. 11, Rule 119).
5. When the accused admits the act or
omission charged in the complaint or
information but interposes a lawful
defense
Judgement
It is an adjudication by the court that the
accused is guilty or not guilty of the
offense charged and the imposition of the
proper penalty and civil liability, if any
(Sec. 1). It is a judicial act which settles
the issues, fixes the rights and liabilities
of the parties, and is regarded as the
sentence of the law pronounced by the
court on the action or question before it
(Sec. 1, Rule 120).
What are the requisites of judgment?
It must be:
1. Written in official language;
2. Personally and directly prepared by the
judge;
3. Signed by the judge; and
4. Contain clearly and distinctly a
statement of the facts and the law upon
which it is based (Sec. 1, Rule 120).
Appeal- It is a proceeding for review by
which the whole case is transferred to the
higher court for a final determination. It is
not an inherent right of a convicted
person. The right of appeal is statutory.
Only final judgments and orders are
appealable.
Who may appeal?
Any party may appeal from a judgment
or final order,
FOURTH PILLAR (Corrections)
CORRECTION – a branch of the Criminal 1. Productive of Suffering
Justice System concerned with the custody, 2. Commensurate with the offense
supervision and rehabilitation of criminal 3. Personal
offenders. 4. Legal
- A pillar in PCJS which is mandated to 5. Equal
administer rehabilitation programs for 6. Certain
offenders to get them ready to be 7. Correctional
integrated in the community again.
Purpose OF Corrections
PENOLOGY – study of punishment of crime or
of criminal offenders. It includes the study of 1. Deterrence
control and prevention of crime through 2. Rehabilitation
punishment of criminal offenders. 3. Reintegration
4. Isolation or Punishment
The term derived from the Latin word 5. Punishment
“poena” which means pain or suffering.
Penology is otherwise known as Penal
Science.

PUNISHMENT
AREAS OF CORRECTION
- it is the redress that the state takes
against an offending member of society that
usually involve pain and suffering. Institution Based Corrections
ANCIENT FORMS:
1. Death Penalty (1) Department of Justice (DOJ)- takes
2. Physical Torture care of the National Prisoners. The
3. Social Degradation National Prison and Penal Farms which
4. Banishment or Exile is being supervised and administered by
5. Transportation and Slavery the Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR).
JUSTIFICATIONS OF PUNISHMENT Tasked to rehabilitate national prisoners
1. Retribution so they can become useful members of
2. Expiation or Atonement society upon completion of their
3. Deterrence sentence. These are the prisoners
4. Incapacitation and Protection whose penalty ranges from 3 YRS AND 1
5. Reformation or rehabilitation of behavior DAY to LIFE IMPRISONEMENT and
those convicted with the DEATH penalty.
NATIONAL PRISONERS are also referred to
PENALTY under the law as Insular Prisoners.

- defined as the suffering inflicted by the state

(2) The Department of the Interior and
against an offending member for the
Local Government (DILG)- takes care
transgression of law.
of the municipal, city and district Jails.
Judicial Conditions of Penalty the local jails namely, the Municipal jails,
 City jails and District jails are under the
supervision and administration of the
Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology (BJMP) and whose penalty
ranges from ONE (1) DAY to SIX (6)
MONTHS for Municipal Jail inmates, and
for City Jail inmates whose penalty
ranges from ONE (1) DAY TO THREE (3)
YEARS.
Jail - is defined as a place of confinement for
inmates under investigation or undergoing trial,
or serving short-term sentences.
(3) The Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD)- takes care of the
sentenced Youth offenders. which are located in
the ten (10) Regional Youth Rehabilitation
Centers nationwide.
(4) Provincial jail- under the Provincial
Government.
PRISONS and PENAL FARMS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
NEW BILIBID PRISON
SAN RAMON PRISON AND PENAL FARM
DAVAO PENAL COLONY
IWAHIG PENAL COLONY
SABLAYAN PENAL COLONY FARM
LEYTE REGIONAL PRISON
CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR WOMEN
Prisoners- any person detained/ confined in jail/
or prison for the commission of offense or
convicted and serving sentence in the institution.
Mittimus- is a warrant issued by a court bearing
its seal and the signature of the judge directing
the jail authorities to receive the convicted
offender for service of sentence
Commitment order- is a written order of a court
or authority consigning a person to jail or prison
for detection.
NOTE: Upon admission, the inmate or detainee
if he has a pending case, will be put in
quarantine in a designated cell at the RDC for a
minimum of five (5) days during which he shall
be administered the ff. Physical exam,mental,
orientation, private interview and etc.
Classification of Prisoners under P.D No 29
1. Municipal Prisoners
2. Provincial Prisoners
3. City Prisoners
4. Insular Prisoners
Classification of Prisoners according
to degree o security
1. Maximum Security Offenders
2. Medium Security Offenders
3. Minimum Security Offenders
Non-Institutional Corrections
Board of Pardons and Parole - was created
pursuant to Act No. 4103,as amended. It is the
intent of the law to uplift and redeem valuable
human material to economic usefulness and to
prevent unnecessary and excessive deprivation
of personal liberty.
Basis for Grant of Executive Clemency
The BPP recommends to the President the
grant of executive clemency
Executive Clemency- this is the power of the
president to mitigate whatever harshness might
be generated by an excessive harsh or strict
application of the law.
 Is the power of the president
 How May Executive Clemency Be
Exercised?
1. Pardon
2. Reprieve
3. Amnesty
4. Commutation of sentence.
Pardon- is a form of executive clemency
granted by the president of the Philippines as a
privilege extended to a convict as a discretionary
act of grace.
Two types of Pardon
 Absolute Pardon - An act of grace,
proceeding from the power entrusted with
the execution of the laws, Exempts the
individual from the penalty of the crime he
has committed.
 Conditional Pardon - If delivered and
accepted, it is a contract between the
executive and the convict that the former
will release the latter upon compliance
with the condition.
Amnesty-commonly denoted the general
pardon extended to a certain class of people
who are usually political offenders
Reprieve - refers to the deferment of the
implementation of the sentence for an interval of
time; it does not annul the sentence but merely
postpones or suspends its execution
Commutation – refers to the reduction of
the duration of a prison sentence of a prisoner.
Indeterminate Sentence Law
The indeterminate sentence is composed of:
1. a MAXIMUM taken from the penalty
imposable under the penal code
2. a MINIMUM taken from the penalty next
lower to that fixed in the code.
Parole – The suspension of the sentence of the
convict after serving the minimum term of the
intermediate penalty, without being granted a
pardon, prescribing the terms upon which the
sentence shall be suspended.
- May be given after the prisoner has served
the minimum penalty; is granted by the Board of
Pardons and Parole under the provisions of the
Indeterminate Sentence Law.
Probation - is a disposition under which an
accused, after conviction and sentence, is
released subject to conditions imposed by the
court and to the supervision of a probation
officer.
FIFTH PILLAR (Community)
A pillar in PCJS includes people itself and
People’s Organization. The primary role of this
pillar is to provide assistance to an offended
party.
As one of the pillars or component of
CJS, the community with its massive
membership has vital responsibilities in terms of
crime control, maintenance of order and the like.
The citizens can achieve these roles by , among
others :
a. Identifying offenders
b. Volunteering as witnesses
c. Giving data about illegal activities
d. Adopting precautionary measures to
diminish crime.
Community Policing refers to a police-
community partnership and proactive, problem
solving approach o the police functions.
The 9 Policing Principles according to Sir
Robert Peel (1829)

1. To prevent crime and disorder, as an
alternative to their repression by military force
and severity of legal punishment.
2. To recognize always that the power of the
police to fulfill their functions and duties is
dependent on public approval of their existence,
actions and behavior, and on their ability to
secure and maintain public respect.
3. To recognize always that to secure and
maintain the respect and approval of the public
means also the securing of the willing
cooperation of the public in the task of securing
observance of laws.
4. To recognize always that the extent to which
the cooperation of the public can be secured
diminishes proportionately the necessity of the
use of physical force and compulsion for
achieving police objectives.
5. To seek and preserve public favor, not by
pandering to public opinion, but by constantly
demonstrating absolute impartial service to law,
in complete independence of policy, and without
regard to the justice or injustice of the substance
of individual laws, by ready offering of individual
service and friendship to all members of the
public without regard to their wealth or social
standing, by ready exercise of courtesy and
friendly good humor, and by ready offering of
individual sacrifice in protecting and preserving
life.
6. To use physical force only when the exercise
of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be
insufficient to obtain public cooperation to an
extent necessary to secure observance of law or
to restore order, and to use only the minimum
degree of physical force which is necessary on
any particular occasion for achieving a police
objective.
7. To maintain at all times a relationship with the
public that gives reality to the historic tradition
that the police are the public and that the public
are the police, the police being only members of
the public who are paid to give full-time attention
to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in
the interests of community welfare and
existence.
8. To recognize always the need for strict
adherence to police-executive functions, and to
refrain from even seeming to usurp the powers
of the judiciary of avenging individuals or the
State, and of authoritatively judging guilt and
punishing the guilty.
9. To recognize always that the test of police
efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder,
and not the visible evidence of police action in
dealing with them.
Accordingly, Peel believed that the police and
the community are interdependent of each
others.
Community Relations may be defined as the
total effort of the criminal justice system to
become an accepted part of the community.
How can police-community relation be
achieved?
a. Through constant dialogues, and
seminars.
b. The police must follow the rule of law on
dealing with the citizens.

Known the Special Criminal Statutes
"REPUBLIC ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES"
1. #RA 8551-PNP reform and re organization
act of 1998 for the purposes certain
provisions of
2. #RA 6975 entitled an act establishing the
PNP under re-organized department of
DILG and Other purposes
3. #R.A 53 - Press Freedom Law known as
Sotto law
4. #R.A 265 - Establishing The banko central
of the Phil
5. #R.A 1124 - Act prohibiting all beerhouse
near school facilities
6. #R.A 1524 - Act providing for enforcement
of condition of pardon
7. #RA 3019 - Anti Graft and corrupt practice
8. #RA 3815 Penalizing Government official for
receiving Bribes and malversation of public
funds
9. #RA 4136 Land transportation and traffic
code
10. #RA 4200 Anti wire taping law
11. #R.A 5487 Private Security Agency law
12. #R.A 5921 The pharmacy Law
13. #R.A 6235 Anti Hijacking Law/Anti highway
robbery law
14. #RA 6425 Dangerous drug act of 1972
15. #RA 6539 Anti carnapping Act of 1972
16. #RA 6713 Code of conduct and ethical
standards for public official and employee
#R.A 6975 The Dilg act of 1990
17. #RA 6981 Witness protection .Security and
Benefit act
18. #RA 7080 Anti plunder Act
19. #R.A 7160 Local government code
20. #R.A 7394 Consumer Act or Right of
Consumer
21. #R.A 7438 An act defining Certain right of
person arrested detained or otherwise under
custodial
22. #RA 7610 Special protection of children
against child abused exploitation and
discrimination act
23. #R.A 7658 An act prohibiting the
employment of children below 15 years of
age in public or private Undertakings
24. #R.A 7659 Death penalty law
25. #R.A 7877 Anti sexual Harassment act of
1995
26. #R.A 8042 Migrant workers and overseas
Filipino act of 1995
27. #R.A 8043 Inter country adoption act of
1995
28. #RA 8049 Anti Hazing law
29. #RA 8177 Act designing death penalty by
lethal injection
30. #RA 8203 Special law on counterfeit drugs
31. #R.A 8239 Philippine passport act of 1995
32. #R.A 8293 Intellectual property code of the
Philippines
33. #RA 8353 Anti Rape law 1997
34. #R.A 8493 Speedy trial on a criminal case
35. #RA 8505 Rape victim assistance and
protection
36. #RA 8552 Domestic adoption act of 1996
37. #RA 8749 Clean air act
38. #RA 8961 PRC modernization act of 2000
39. #R.A 9003 The ecological solid waste
management act of 2000
40. #RA 9105 An forgery act of 2001
41. #R.A 9147 Wildlife resources conservation
act
42. #RA9165 Comprehensive Drug act of 2002
43. #RA 9160 Anti Money laundering act of
2001
44. #RA 9208 Anti trafficking in person act
45. #RA 9231 Child Laboring act (Amending the
provision of R.A 7610 on child labor) #R.A
9262 Anti Violence Against Women and
their children act of 2004
46. #R.A 9221 Tobacco Regulation Act
47. #R.A 9263 Bureau of fire and Bureau of jail
management and penology
professionalization act of 2004
48. #R.A 9372 Human Security act of 2007 took
effect July 15 2007
49. #R.A 9275 Clean water act
50. #R.A 9344 Juvenile justice welfare act ( May
4 2006 )
51. #RA9346 June 24 2006 An act prohibiting
the imposition of death penalty in the Phil
R.A 9360 Amending the election
modernization act
52. #RA 9406 known as the PAO law 2007
53. #RA 9514 Comprehensive Firecode of the
Phil
54. #RA 9745 Anti torture law of 2009
55. #R.A 9775 Anti child pornography act of
2009
56. #R.A 9953 Phil coastguard law of 2009
57. #RA 9995 known as the ANTI PHOTO AND
VIDEO VOYEURISM ACT OF 2007 FEB
2010 R.A 10071 Prosecution service act
2010
58. #R.A 10070 Magnacarta for disable person
59. #R.A 10121 Phil disaster risk reduction
management act of 2010
60. #R.A 10175 Cyber crime prevention act of
2012
61. #R.A 10591 The comprehensive firearms
and ammunition regulation act (Approve
May 29 2013