CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

What is Criminal Justice System?

- The machinery of the State or
government, which enforces the rules
of conduct necessary to protect life Classification of Criminal Law
and property and maintain peace and
order.
- Totality of activities of the law  Substantive Criminal Law- defines
enforcement, prosecution, courts, elements that are necessary for an act
correction and community. to constitute a crime and therefore
-It is a systematized process which the punishable.
government uses to maintain social
control by enforcing laws and  Procedural Criminal Law- refers to a
administering justice to maintain peace statute that provides procedures
and order. appropriate for the enforcement of the
Substantive Criminal law.
What is Criminology?
Basic principles of criminal law we adhere
-It is defined as the body of knowledge
to in the administration of the CJS in the
regarding crime as a social phenomenon.
Philippines
 The first is “the presumption of
Concept of Crime
innocence”. This means that those
who are accused of crimes are
Crime is voluntary and intentional
considered innocent until proven guilty.
violation by a legally competent person of a
 The second is “the burden of proof
legal duty that commands or prohibits an act
which in criminal cases means that the
for the protection of society. (Atty. Gabao,
government must prove beyond
2013)
reasonable doubt” that the suspect
Crime is an act committed or omitted in
committed the crime. (Atty. Gabao,
violation of a public law forbidding or
2013)
commanding it. (Reyes, 2013)
Components of the Philippine Criminal
What is criminal?
Justice System
The criminal is the principal character in the
Five Pillars of the PCJS
processes conducted by the 5 pillars
 Law Enforcement- the enforcement of
the laws of the land, including the
What is Criminal Law?
apprehension of possible violations of
such law
-It is defined as the branch of public law
which defines crimes, treats of their nature,
and provide for their punishment.
 Prosecution- the process of accusing considered as a CRIMINAL. (Atty.
the person in court of a law violation, Gabao, 2013)
particularly those criminal in nature.
 Court- is the institution charged with Primary Goals of the CJS
the trial, or finding out whether a 1. To protect the members of the society
person is guilty of a law violation and 2. The maintenance of peace and order.
determination of his punishment. Secondary Goals of the CJS
 Correctional Institution- carries out 1. The prevention of crime
the correction reformation, 2. The suppression of criminal conduct by
punishment, and rehabilitation of an apprehending offenders for the
individual adjudged by a court of law prevention is ineffective.
as guilty of committing a criminal 3. The review of the legality of our
offense. preventive and suppressive measures.
 Community- the newest pillar of 4. The judicial determination of guilt or
PCJS, being the unit of society where innocence of those apprehended.
individuals who have committed 5. The proper disposition of those who
criminal offenses and are deemed have been legally found guilty.
reformed and rehabilitated after 6. The correction by socially approved
undergoing correction, are being means of the behaviour of those who
accepted as a totally new and violate the law.
productive citizen
Philosophical Approaches behind
.Nomenclatures given to the person CJS
who is being processed under the 1. Adversarial Approach
PCJS.  Where the accused is innocent until
1. At the police stage, during proven guilty.
investigation, he is referred to as the 2. Inquisitorial Approach
SUSPECT.  Where the accused is guilty until
2. At the Prosecution office, during the proven innocent.
determination of probable cause or
during the Preliminary Investigation, he Due Process Of Law- a fundamental
is referred to as the RESPONDENT. constitutional guarantee that all legal
3. At the trial of the case, when a case proceedings will be fair and that one
has been filed in Court, he is referred will be given notice of 1.
1. Law the proceedings
Law
to as the ACCUSED. and an opportunity to be heard before
Enforcement Enforcement
4. Once the court has determined that the the government acts to take away
accused is guilty beyond reasonable
2. Courts 2. Prosecution
one’s life, liberty, or property.
doubt as charged and the judgment 3. Corrections 3. Courts
has been rendered, he is referred to as
the CONVICT. 4. Corrections
5. It is only upon undergoing all the American CJS vs Philippines
process when the person has served CJS 5. Community
the sentence when he can really be
 4. AMLC- Anti- Money Laundering
Council
5. PDEA- Philippine Drug Enforcement
Agency
6. BI- Bureau of Immigration
7. BOC- Bureau of Customs
8. PCTC- Philippine Center on
Transnational Crime
9. ATC- Anti- Terrorism Council
10. NICA- National Intelligence
Coordinating Agency
11. MMDA- Metro Manila Development
Authority
12. SEC- Securities and Exchange
THE FIRST PILLAR (Law Enforcement) Commission
13. LTO-Land Transportation Office
The Law Enforcement as the first pillar is 14. DOLE—Department of Labor and
considered to be the “initiator” or the Employment
“prime-mover” of the Criminal Justice 15. BFP- Bureau of Fire and Protection
System. 16. BJMP- Bureau of Jail Management
and Penology
-This pillar of the CJS involves prevention of
the commission of crime and the protection of Functions of Law Enforcement relation
life, liberty and properties of the citizen. to administration of the CJS

When they learn of the commission of 1. To Prevent Criminal Behavior

crime or discover them, their specific 2. To reduce Crime
duties are: 3. To apprehend and arrest offenders
a. Investigate Crime 4. To protect the life and property
b. Arrest Suspects 5. To regulate non-criminal conduct
c. Refer the case and the suspect to
the public prosecutor. The Evolution of Philippine Police Service

Premier Law Enforcement Agencies SPANISH PERIOD

1. The Philippine National Police
2. National Bureau of Investigation
3. Bureau of Internal Revenue
Other Law Enforcement agencies in the
Philippines.
1. PCG- Philippine Coast Guard
2. PPA- Philippine Ports Authority
3. AFP- Armed Forces of the Philippines
Carabineros de Seguridad Publica
 Cuerpo de Seguridad Publica
 Organized in 1712 for the purpose of
carrying the regulation of the
Department of state: this was armed
and considered as the mounted
police.
Guardrilleros / Cuardillo
  This was a body of rural police
organized in each town and
established by the Royal Decree of
18 January 1836, this decree
provide that 5% of the able-bodied
male inhabitants of each province
were to be enlisted in this police
organization for three years.
Guardia Civil
 This was created by a Royal
Decree issued by the Crown on 12
February 1852 to partially relieve
the Spanish Peninsular troops of
their work in policing towns; it
considered of a body of Filipino
policemen organized originally in
each of the provincial capitals of the
central provinces of Luzon.
RA 6975- An act establishing the PNP
under a reorganized department of the
DILG and for other purposes,
December 13, 1990.
 Interior and Local Government
Act of 1990
 PNP Law
 DILG Law
Philippine National Police
 Organized pursuant to RA 6975, as
amended by RA 8551 and RA 9708.
 Establish and maintain one police
force which shall be national in scope
and civilian in character
 A law enforcement agency under the
operational control of DILG and
administrative control and operational
supervision of the National Police
Commission.
PNP (RA 6975 sec.27 Statutory
Powers of the Police).
1. Enforce all laws and ordinances
relatives to the protection of
lives and properties;
2. Maintain peace and order and
ensure public safety;
3. Make arrest, search and
seizures in accordance with
Constitution and pertinent laws;
4. Investigate and prevent crimes,
effect arrest and assist in
prosecution.
5. Detain arrested persons,
informing him of his rights under
the Constitution and pertinent
laws.
Define Arrest
Arrest refers to the taking of the
person into custody in order that he
may be bound to answer for the
commission of the crime. (Rule 113,
Section 1).
What is Warrant of Arrest?
 Legal process issued by a
competent authority, directing
the arrest of a person or
persons upon grounds stated
therein.
Methods of Arrest:
a. Arrest with warrant- by virtue of a
warrant of arrest issued by judge.
b. Warrantless Arrest- effected by a
peace officer or any private person
on the following strengths:
 The person has committed is
committing or is about to
commit an offense.
 An offense has been
committed and the arresting
 person has personal
knowledge of facts indicating
the commission by the
offender.
 The person to be arrested is
an escapee. (Rule 113,
Section 5)
Constitutional Rights of Person
under Arrest
1. Must be informed of his rights
2. No means of force to vitiate the free
will shall be used against him.
3. Any confession or admission
obtained in violation of his rights be
admissible in evidence against him.
THE SECOND PILLAR (Prosecution)
Prosecution is the pillar in CJS which is
mandated to investigate penal violations and
evaluate evidence in preliminary
investigation.
Prosecution- method whereby accusations
are brought before a court of justice to
determine the innocence or guilt of the
accused.
The Prosecutor
 The officer of the court whose
criminal justice responsibility is to
examine the offense charged.
 The prosecutor is the government
officer tasked to conduct the
prosecution of criminal action in court.
(Atty. Gabao, 2017)
 Public prosecutor represents the
State or the People of the Philippines.
Roles of the Prosecutor
a. To conduct preliminary investigation
b. To make proper recommendation during
the inquest proceeding of the case
referred to them by the police after the
investigation of the suspect.
c. To represent the government or state
during the prosecution of the case against
the accused;
d. To investigate administrative cases filed
against State Prosecutors, provincial
Prosecutors, including the support staff of
the National prosecution Service (NPS).
Preliminary Investigation- is an inquiry or
proceeding to determine whether there is
sufficient ground to engender a well
-founded belief that a crime has been
committed and the respondent is probably
guilt thereof and should be held for trial.
When can there be preliminary
investigation?
A preliminary investigation is required to be
conducted before the filing of the complaint
or information for an offense where the
penalty prescribed by the law is at; least four
(4) years, two (2) months and one (1) day
without regard to the fine.
Complaint- a sworn written statement
charging a person with an offense subscribed
by the offended party or peace officer
charged with the enforcement of the law
violated and filed with the public prosecutor.
Information- an accusation in writing
charging a person with an offense subscribed
by the fiscal and filed with the court.
Procedures in Preliminary Investigation
1. Filing of complaint and affidavits of
witnesses by the police, complainant or
public officer in charge of the
 enforcement of the law alleged to have
been violated.
2. Personal examination of affiants by the
investigating prosecutor
3. Preliminary action by the investigating
prosecutor.
 Dismiss the complaint if he finds
no cause to continue with the
inquiry
 Issue subpoena to respondent
enquiring him to submit a
counter affidavit
If no counter affidavit submitted, the
prosecutor will
4. Preparation of resolution- Based on
the evidence presented, the
investigating prosecutor may:
Probable Cause- Such facts and
circumstances that would lead a
reasonably discreet and prudent man that
the person sought to be arrested has
committed an offense.
Necessity of Preliminary Investigation
A preliminary investigation is an important
substantive right of persons suspected of
crimes, the deprivation of which is
tantamount to a deprivation of due
process of law.
Is there an instance when preliminary
investigation is not required?
Yes, when the offender ws arrested
without a warrant an INQUEST
investigation will be conducted.
Inquest Investigation- an informal and
summary investigation conducted by a
public prosecutor in criminal case
involving persons arrested and detained
without the benefit of a warrant of arrest
for the purpose of determining whether or
not said person should remain under
custody .
Persons authorized to conduct
preliminary investigation
a. Provincial or City Prosecutors and their
assistants;
b. National and Regional State
Prosecutors; and
c. Other officers as may be authorized by
law.
Other officers authorized by law to
conduct preliminary investigations
1. The Ombudsman and special
prosecutor.
2. The COMELEC
3. Private lawyers hen duly deputized.
Who issue a warrant of arrest?
- The JUDGE
-
The Public Attorney’s Office (PAO)
(Defense Attorney)
- The attorney representing the
defendant in a lawsuit or criminal
prosecution.
What is Bail?
It is the security given for the release of
the person in the custody of the law,
furnished by him or the bondman, to
guarantee his appearance before any
court as required under the conditions as
specified.
Different kind of Bail bond
Property
 Cash
Corporate Surety Different Courts and their Respective
Recognizance Jurisdiction in criminal cases
Courts Jurisdiction
1. Municipal Trial Court a. All violations of
2. Municipal Circuit city and
Trial Court municipal
3. Metropolitan Trial ordinances
Court committed
within their
THIRD PILLAR (Court) jurisdiction;
b. Overall offenses
The Court punishable with
 The pillar in PCJS which is imprisonment
not exceeding 6
mandated to try and issue
years
judgement on the cases between
Regional Trial Court Over all offenses
the accused and victim. (RTC) punishable with
 A body to which the public imprisonment
administration of justice is exceeding 6 years
delegated through which the state Sandiganbayan Violations of R.A 3019,
enforces its sovereign rights and (Special Court) otherwise known as
powers. the Anti-Graft and
corrupt practices act,
 The final arbiter of all disputes or
R. A 1379
issues involving violations of Court of Appeals Its main function is to
criminal laws or other laws as the hear appeals from the
nature of the case may be. lower courts
Judge- is a public officer so named in his Court Of Tax Appeals Overall matters
commission and appointed to preside over (Special Court) involving criminal
and to administer the law in a court of justice. violation and collection
of revenues under the
 Judges determine whether there is
National Internal
probable cause for the issuance of the Revenue Code and
warrant of arrest or search warrant. Tariff and Customs
 They determine whether the accused Code
will be released on bail or the amount Supreme Court Shall have the final
of bail to be posted. authority, the last
 They hear and rule on the motions resort tribunal. Its
ruling cannot be
made by the defense and the
appealed.
prosecutor before the trial.
Justices in the Supreme Court- shall be
Jurisdiction- is the authority of the court to composed of a chief Justice and 14 Associate
hear and try a particular offense and to Justice which are all appointed by the
impose the punishment provided by law. President with the advice by the cabinet. All
judges of inferior courts shall be appointed by
Venue- refers to the place, location or site the president with the advice of the Supreme
where the case is to be heard on its merits. Court.
Qualifications
 Must be a citizen of the Philippines
 At least 40 years old
 Has been judge and engage in the
practice of law of the Philippines for at
least 15 years.
CRIMINAL ACTION- the procedure by
which a person accused of committing
a crime is charged, brought to trial and
judged.
Stages of a Criminal Action
Arraignment- is the proceeding in a
criminal case, whose object is to fix the
identity of the accused, to inform him of
the charge and to give him an
opportunity to plead, or to obtain from
the accused his answer, in other
words, his plea to the information.
Arraignment is made: 1. in open court
where the complaint or information has
been filed or assigned for trial; 2. by the
judge or clerk of court; 3. By furnishing the
accused with a copy of the complaint or
information; 4. Reading it in a language or
dialect known to the accused; 5. Asking
accused whether he pleads guilty or not
guilty. 6. Both arraignment and plea shall
be made of record but failure to enter of
record shall not affect the validity of the
proceedings.
Pre-trial- There can only be a pre-trial
when the accused pleads not guilty.
When is pre-trial held?
After arraignment and within thirty (30)
days from the date the court acquires
jurisdiction over the person of the
accused
Purpose of Pre-trial
1. Plea bargaining- Plea bargaining is the
process whereby the accused, the offended
party and the prosecution work out a mutually
satisfactory disposition of the case subject to
court approval.
2. Stipulation of facts;
3. Marking for identification of evidence of
parties;
4. Waiver of objections to admissibility of
evidence;
5. Modification of the order of the trial if
one of the accused admits the charge but
interposes a lawful defense (reverse trial);
and
6. Such other matters as will promote a fair
and expeditious trial of the civil and
criminal aspects of the case.
Trial- is the examination before a
competent tribunal according to the
laws of the land, of facts put in issue in
a case for the purpose of determining
such issue.
-After a plea of not guilty is entered,
the accused shall have at least fifteen
(15) days to prepare for trial. The trial
shall commence within 30 days from
receipt of pre-trial order.
What is the order of trial in criminal cases?
In criminal cases, the trial shall
proceed in the following order:
1. The prosecution shall present
evidence to prove the charge and, in
the proper case, the civil liability.
2. The accused may present evidence
to prove his defense, and damages, if
any, arising from the issuance of a
provisional remedy in the case.
3. The prosecution and the defense
may, in that order, present rebuttal and
sur- rebuttal evidence unless the court,
in furtherance of justice, permits them
to present additional evidence bearing
upon the main issue.
 4. Upon admission of the evidence of
the parties, the case shall be deemed
submitted for decision unless the court
directs them to argue orally or to
submit written memoranda (Sec. 11,
Rule 119).
5. When the accused admits the act or
omission charged in the complaint or
information but interposes a lawful
defense
Judgement
It is an adjudication by the court that
the accused is guilty or not guilty of the
offense charged and the imposition of
the proper penalty and civil liability, if
any (Sec. 1). It is a judicial act which
settles the issues, fixes the rights and
liabilities of the parties, and is regarded
as the sentence of the law pronounced
by the court on the action or question
before it (Sec. 1, Rule 120).
What are the requisites of
judgment?
It must be:
1. Written in official language;
2. Personally and directly prepared by
the judge;
3. Signed by the judge; and
4. Contain clearly and distinctly a
statement of the facts and the law
upon which it is based (Sec. 1, Rule
120).
Appeal- It is a proceeding for review
by which the whole case is transferred
to the higher court for a final
determination. It is not an inherent right
of a convicted person. The right of
appeal is statutory. Only final
judgments and orders are appealable.
Who may appeal?
Any party may appeal from a
judgment or final order,
FOURTH PILLAR (Corrections)
CORRECTION – a branch of the Criminal
Justice System concerned with the custody,
supervision and rehabilitation of criminal
offenders.
- A pillar in PCJS which is mandated to
administer rehabilitation programs for
offenders to get them ready to be
integrated in the community again.
PENOLOGY – study of punishment of crime
or of criminal offenders. It includes the study
of control and prevention of crime through
punishment of criminal offenders.
The term derived from the Latin word
“poena” which means pain or suffering.
Penology is otherwise known as Penal
Science.
PUNISHMENT
- it is the redress that the state takes
against an offending member of society
that usually involve pain and suffering.
ANCIENT FORMS:
1. Death Penalty
2. Physical Torture
3. Social Degradation
4. Banishment or Exile
5. Transportation and Slavery
JUSTIFICATIONS OF PUNISHMENT
1. Retribution
2. Expiation or Atonement
3. Deterrence
4. Incapacitation and Protection
5. Reformation or rehabilitation of
behavior
PENALTY AND 1 DAY to LIFE
IMPRISONEMENT and those
- defined as the suffering inflicted by the state convicted with the DEATH penalty.
against an offending member for the NATIONAL PRISONERS are also
transgression of law. referred to under the law as Insular
Prisoners.
Judicial Conditions of Penalty
1. Productive of Suffering
(2) The Department of the Interior and
2. Commensurate with the offense
Local Government (DILG)- takes
3. Personal
care of the municipal, city and district
4. Legal
Jails. the local jails namely, the
5. Equal
Municipal jails, City jails and District
6. Certain
jails are under the supervision and
7. Correctional
administration of the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP)
Purpose OF Corrections
and whose penalty ranges from ONE
1. Deterrence (1) DAY to SIX (6) MONTHS for
2. Rehabilitation Municipal Jail inmates, and for City Jail
3. Reintegration inmates whose penalty ranges from
4. Isolation or Punishment ONE (1) DAY TO THREE (3) YEARS.
5. Punishment
Jail - is defined as a place of confinement for
inmates under investigation or undergoing
trial, or serving short-term sentences.

(3) The Department of Social Welfare and

Development (DSWD)- takes care of the
sentenced Youth offenders. which are located
in the ten (10) Regional Youth Rehabilitation
AREAS OF CORRECTION Centers nationwide.
(4) Provincial jail- under the Provincial
Institution Based Government.
Corrections

(1) Department of Justice (DOJ)- takes

care of the National Prisoners. The
National Prison and Penal Farms
which is being supervised and
PRISONS and PENAL FARMS IN THE
administered by the Bureau of
PHILIPPINES
Corrections (BUCOR). Tasked to
rehabilitate national prisoners so they
NEW BILIBID PRISON
can become useful members of
SAN RAMON PRISON AND PENAL FARM
society upon completion of their
DAVAO PENAL COLONY
sentence. These are the prisoners
IWAHIG PENAL COLONY
whose penalty ranges from 3 YRS
SABLAYAN PENAL COLONY FARM
LEYTE REGIONAL PRISON
CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR
WOMEN
Prisoners- any person detained/ confined in
jail/ or prison for the commission of offense or
convicted and serving sentence in the
institution.
Mittimus- is a warrant issued by a court
bearing its seal and the signature of the judge
directing the jail authorities to receive the
convicted offender for service of sentence
Commitment order- is a written order of a
court or authority consigning a person to jail
or prison for detection.
NOTE: Upon admission, the inmate or
detainee if he has a pending case, will be put
in quarantine in a designated cell at the RDC
for a minimum of five (5) days during which
he shall be administered the ff. Physical
exam,mental, orientation, private interview
and etc.
Classification of Prisoners under P.D No 29
1. Municipal Prisoners
2. Provincial Prisoners
3. City Prisoners
4. Insular Prisoners
Classification of Prisoners according
to degree o security
1. Maximum Security Offenders
2. Medium Security Offenders
3. Minimum Security Offenders
Non-Institutional Corrections
Board of Pardons and Parole - was created
pursuant to Act No. 4103,as amended. It is
the intent of the law to uplift and redeem
valuable human material to economic
usefulness and to prevent unnecessary and
excessive deprivation of personal liberty.
Basis for Grant of Executive Clemency
The BPP recommends to the President
the grant of executive clemency
Executive Clemency- this is the power of the
president to mitigate whatever harshness
might be generated by an excessive harsh or
strict application of the law.
 Is the power of the president
How May Executive Clemency Be
Exercised?
1. Pardon
2. Reprieve
3. Amnesty
4. Commutation of sentence.
Pardon- is a form of executive clemency
granted by the president of the Philippines as
a privilege extended to a convict as a
discretionary act of grace.
Two types of Pardon
 Absolute Pardon - An act of grace,
proceeding from the power entrusted
with the execution of the laws,
Exempts the individual from the
penalty of the crime he has committed.
 Conditional Pardon - If delivered and
accepted, it is a contract between the
executive and the convict that the
former will release the latter upon
compliance with the condition.
Amnesty-commonly denoted the general
pardon extended to a certain class of people
who are usually political offenders
Reprieve - refers to the deferment of the
implementation of the sentence for an interval
of time; it does not annul the sentence but
merely postpones or suspends its execution
Commutation – refers to the reduction of
the duration of a prison sentence of a
prisoner.
Indeterminate Sentence Law
The indeterminate sentence is composed
of:
1. a MAXIMUM taken from the penalty
imposable under the penal code
2. a MINIMUM taken from the penalty next
lower to that fixed in the code.
Parole – The suspension of the sentence of
the convict after serving the minimum term of
the intermediate penalty, without being
granted a pardon, prescribing the terms upon
which the sentence shall be suspended.
- May be given after the prisoner has
served the minimum penalty; is granted by
the Board of Pardons and Parole under the
provisions of the Indeterminate Sentence
Law.
Probation - is a disposition under which an
accused, after conviction and sentence, is
released subject to conditions imposed by the
court and to the supervision of a probation
officer.
FIFTH PILLAR (Community)
A pillar in PCJS includes people itself
and People’s Organization. The primary role
of this pillar is to provide assistance to an
offended party.
As one of the pillars or component of
CJS, the community with its massive
membership has vital responsibilities in terms
of crime control, maintenance of order and
the like.
The citizens can achieve these roles by ,
among others :
a. Identifying offenders
b. Volunteering as witnesses
c. Giving data about illegal activities
d. Adopting precautionary measures to
diminish crime.
Community Policing refers to a police-
community partnership and proactive,
problem solving approach o the police
functions.
The 9 Policing Principles according to Sir
Robert Peel (1829)
1. To prevent crime and disorder, as an
alternative to their repression by military force
and severity of legal punishment.
2. To recognize always that the power of the
police to fulfill their functions and duties is
dependent on public approval of their
existence, actions and behavior, and on their
ability to secure and maintain public respect.
3. To recognize always that to secure and
maintain the respect and approval of the
public means also the securing of the willing
cooperation of the public in the task of
securing observance of laws.
4. To recognize always that the extent to
which the cooperation of the public can be
secured diminishes proportionately the
necessity of the use of physical force and
compulsion for achieving police objectives.
5. To seek and preserve public favor, not by
pandering to public opinion, but by constantly
demonstrating absolute impartial service to
law, in complete independence of policy, and
without regard to the justice or injustice of the
substance of individual laws, by ready
offering of individual service and friendship to
all members of the public without regard to
their wealth or social standing, by ready
exercise of courtesy and friendly good humor,
and by ready offering of individual sacrifice in
protecting and preserving life.
Accordingly, Peel believed that the police and
the community are interdependent of each
others.
Community Relations may be defined as
the total effort of the criminal justice system to
become an accepted part of the community.
How can police-community relation be
achieved?
a. Through constant dialogues, and
seminars.
b. The police must follow the rule of law
on dealing with the citizens.

6. To use physical force only when the

exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is
found to be insufficient to obtain public
cooperation to an extent necessary to secure
observance of law or to restore order, and to
use only the minimum degree of physical
force which is necessary on any particular
occasion for achieving a police objective.

7. To maintain at all times a relationship with

the public that gives reality to the historic
tradition that the police are the public and that
the public are the police, the police being only
members of the public who are paid to give
full-time attention to duties which are
incumbent on every citizen in the interests of
community welfare and existence.
Known the Special Criminal Statutes
8. To recognize always the need for strict
adherence to police-executive functions, and
to refrain from even seeming to usurp the "REPUBLIC ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES"
powers of the judiciary of avenging individuals 1. #RA 8551-PNP reform and re
or the State, and of authoritatively judging organization act of 1998 for the purposes
guilt and punishing the guilty. certain provisions of
9. To recognize always that the test of police 2. #RA 6975 entitled an act establishing the
efficiency is the absence of crime and PNP under re-organized department of
disorder, and not the visible evidence of DILG and Other purposes
police action in dealing with them. 3. #R.A 53 - Press Freedom Law known as
Sotto law
4. #R.A 265 - Establishing The banko
central of the Phil
5. #R.A 1124 - Act prohibiting all beerhouse
near school facilities
6. #R.A 1524 - Act providing for
enforcement of condition of pardon
7. #RA 3019 - Anti Graft and corrupt
practice
8. #RA 3815 Penalizing Government official
for receiving Bribes and malversation of
public funds
9. #RA 4136 Land transportation and traffic
code
10. #RA 4200 Anti wire taping law
11. #R.A 5487 Private Security Agency law
12. #R.A 5921 The pharmacy Law
13. #R.A 6235 Anti Hijacking Law/Anti
highway robbery law
14. #RA 6425 Dangerous drug act of 1972
15. #RA 6539 Anti carnapping Act of 1972
16. #RA 6713 Code of conduct and ethical
standards for public official and employee
#R.A 6975 The Dilg act of 1990
17. #RA 6981 Witness protection .Security
and Benefit act
18. #RA 7080 Anti plunder Act
19. #R.A 7160 Local government code
20. #R.A 7394 Consumer Act or Right of
Consumer
21. #R.A 7438 An act defining Certain right of
person arrested detained or otherwise
under custodial
22. #RA 7610 Special protection of children
against child abused exploitation and
discrimination act
23. #R.A 7658 An act prohibiting the
employment of children below 15 years of
age in public or private Undertakings
24. #R.A 7659 Death penalty law
25. #R.A 7877 Anti sexual Harassment act of
1995
26. #R.A 8042 Migrant workers and overseas
Filipino act of 1995
27. #R.A 8043 Inter country adoption act of
1995
28. #RA 8049 Anti Hazing law
29. #RA 8177 Act designing death penalty by
lethal injection
30. #RA 8203 Special law on counterfeit
drugs
31. #R.A 8239 Philippine passport act of
1995
32. #R.A 8293 Intellectual property code of
the Philippines
33. #RA 8353 Anti Rape law 1997
34. #R.A 8493 Speedy trial on a criminal
case
35. #RA 8505 Rape victim assistance and
protection
36. #RA 8552 Domestic adoption act of 1996
37. #RA 8749 Clean air act
38. #RA 8961 PRC modernization act of
2000
39. #R.A 9003 The ecological solid waste
management act of 2000
40. #RA 9105 An forgery act of 2001
41. #R.A 9147 Wildlife resources
conservation act
42. #RA9165 Comprehensive Drug act of
2002
43. #RA 9160 Anti Money laundering act of
2001
44. #RA 9208 Anti trafficking in person act
45. #RA 9231 Child Laboring act (Amending
the provision of R.A 7610 on child labor)
#R.A 9262 Anti Violence Against Women
and their children act of 2004
46. #R.A 9221 Tobacco Regulation Act
47. #R.A 9263 Bureau of fire and Bureau of
jail management and penology
professionalization act of 2004
48. #R.A 9372 Human Security act of 2007
took effect July 15 2007
49. #R.A 9275 Clean water act
50. #R.A 9344 Juvenile justice welfare act
( May 4 2006 )
51. #RA9346 June 24 2006 An act prohibiting
the imposition of death penalty in the Phil
R.A 9360 Amending the election
modernization act
52. #RA 9406 known as the PAO law 2007
53. #RA 9514 Comprehensive Firecode of
the Phil
54. #RA 9745 Anti torture law of 2009
55. #R.A 9775 Anti child pornography act of
2009
56. #R.A 9953 Phil coastguard law of 2009
57. #RA 9995 known as the ANTI PHOTO
AND VIDEO VOYEURISM ACT OF 2007
FEB 2010 R.A 10071 Prosecution service
act 2010
58. #R.A 10070 Magnacarta for disable
person
59. #R.A 10121 Phil disaster risk reduction
management act of 2010
60. #R.A 10175 Cyber crime prevention act
of 2012
61. #R.A 10591 The comprehensive firearms
and ammunition regulation act (Approve
May 29 2013