Created using Notebooks by Droid-Veda LLP fl‡¤–-7-2023

GH stimulates collagen accretion in dense fibrous tissue.

5. IGF-1 has anabolic effects on tendon fibroblast production of collagen and promotes tendon repair.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment releases IGF-1, which promotes healing in ligaments and tendons.

7. Males demonstrate exercise-induced increase in aromatase and estrogen synthesis, leading to patellar tendon hypertrophy not

seen in females.

Postmenopausal women on HRT demonstrate greater muscle strength and mass than untreated twins.

women should focus on stability exercises because high joint laxity cause high estrogen

women Hormonal contraceptives are to dengerous on health

Oral contraceptives may reduce the risk of injury in female athletes.and pain

Females are more likely to tear their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) compared to males in similar sports.

Limited movement was more prevalent in women, suggesting a female predilection for frozen shoulder. this is the reason of why

women less injury in shoulders

Women demonstrated greater strength in internal rotation in the seated neutral position, while external rotators showed more

strength in the prone position

Women have better endurance than men in shoulder girdle muscles, with lower ATP depletion and faster recovery capacity.

Women use increased muscle activation variability to improve fatigue, while men decrease co-activation between muscles to

increase endurance.

Males have a significantly larger shoulder-to-hand distance compared to females.

Female gymnasts are known to be at a higher risk for shoulder instability. in case of they trained from very young age and

estrogen is high so because this is high and I am support the quality of this informations

Females may have a larger carrying angle, which can contribute to stress injuries.

7. Stress injuries of the elbow can result in ligament damage, osteophytes, articular damage, tendonitis, ulnar neuritis, and

epicondylitis. this in elbow and wrist

The valgus carrying angle of the elbow, which can be higher in females, may contribute to overuse injuries.
Created using Notebooks by Droid-Veda LLP fl‡¤–-7-2023

Higher pelvic incidence in women, which can upset spinal balance and increase the likelihood of spondylolisthesis and scoliosis in

the elderly population.

4. Pregnancy causes an anterior shift of the center of mass, requiring increased lumbar curvature in the female spine to

compensate for the increased obstetric load.

5. Breast size can affect thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angles, with larger breast sizes associated with increased kyphosis

and lordosis.

Smaller female vertebrates have a higher risk for vertebral fractures.

Males have a greater femoral offset compared to females.

One possible reason for females’ relative hip abductor weakness is the gender difference in bony anatomy, as females have a

bigger pelvic width-to-femoral length ratio

Women generally have lower rates of resting fat oxidation compared to men

Females oxidize more lipids and fewer carbohydrates during exercise.

Skeletal muscle glycogen utilization and hepatic glucose production are lower in females during moderate and intense endurance

exercise

Sex hormones estrogen and progesterone promote glycogen sparing in females, leading to the utilization of fat as energy instead

of carbohydrates.

Estradiol, a female steroid hormone, is linked to energy metabolism and has been found to affect glycogen metabolism in animal

studies.

Glycogen utilization and loading differ between females and males, possibly due to hormonal differences and higher intramuscular

fat content in women.

Glycerol can aid endurance athletes in hot environments by retaining water, but its use is banned by the World Anti-Doping

Agency.

Excess protein leads to deamination, where amino groups are removed from proteins.

5. Carbon-rich structures from deaminated proteins can be converted to glucose for energy or stored as fat.

6. Excess protein intake increases the need for urea excretion, leading to increased water loss and dehydration risk.

because menstrual cycle blood they need more iron and for arthritis they need more calcium and vitamin d
Created using Notebooks by Droid-Veda LLP fl‡¤–-7-2023