Relative humidity refers to the amount of moisture in the atmosphere expressed as the amount it

could hold at saturation point at the same temperature.

Girdling is removing the bark and phloem tissue from a stem, thereby physically interrupting the
flow of photosynthates.

Tensiometer is a device used to measure the amount of force that the plant roots exert to remove
moisture from the soil particles at a depth of maximum root activity.

Square system: No. of plants = Area/(D1 x D2)

Quincunx system: No. of Plants = [Area/ (D1 x D2)] + [(L/S) – 1] [(W/S)-1]

Hexagonal or triangular: No. of Plants = Area/[(D1xD2)(0.866)]

Field capacity is the amount of soil moisture or water content held in soil after excess water has
drained away.

Imbibition is absorption of water by soil colloids.

Planting board is a tool used to determine the proper spacing when planting seeds or plants.

Inarching (also called approach grafting) involves grafting seedlings, rooted cuttings or basal
suckers on to established trees to repair physical or animal damage to the trunk.

Transplanting shock refers to a number of stresses occurring in recently transplanted trees and
shrubs.

Durian scientific name is Durio zibethinus.

If the growing point of a dicot plant is cut, new buds will emerge below the cut point.

Complete flower is one that contains all the reproductive (stamen and pistil) and non-
reproductive (petals and sepals) parts. An incomplete flower is missing any one part.

Carpel is the female reproductive organ of flowering plants, consisting of an ovary, style
(sometimes absent) and stigma.

The edible part of an asparagus is called the spear.

Olericulture is a branch of horticulture that deals with vegetables.

Roguing is the culling of plants.

Ratooning is the cultivation practice of two harvests in one cropping season by producing a
second crop from the original stubble. It is done by removing most of the above ground portion
of the plants.
Philippines have a total of 30million hectares of land. The total land area dedicated for
agriculture is 14millioon ha. The prime agricultural lands are generally located around the main
and high population density areas. Rice is not exported by the Philippines.

The early civilizations of Asia have a diet consisting of rice and beans.

Cagayan valley (Region 2) is the corn granary of the Philippines, if white corn it is region 12
(SOCCSKSARGEN)

RA 7308 (1992) – changed National Seed Industry Council of the Philippines into Seedboard
Industry Council.

Arturo Tanco Jr. was the Minister of Agriculture during Martial law.

RA 8435 is principally authored by Edgardo J. Angara.

EO 1061 enacts the creation of PhilRice as an agency attached to the Department of Agriculture.

Shifting cultivation system refers to a technique of rotational farming in which land is cleared for
cultivation (normally by fire) and then left to regenerate after a few years.

Transhumance is a mobile livestock farming method that is based on regular, seasonal

movement.

System is an arrangement of components or parts that interact according to some processes and
transform input into output.

Agriculture began 10,000 years ago.

The Indochina-Indonesia region is thought to be the center of origin for coconut.

Acetylene gas is used to artificially ripen fruits. It is produced when calcium carbide comes into
contact with moisture.

Rubbish-heap hypothesis is a hypothesis for the origin of agriculture which states that plants
colonized the bare areas in their dwellings which were rich with their discarded rubbish became
a source of nutritious roots and seeds for their food.

Diameter of a DNA helix is 20 Angstroms

The race of people regarded as the first agriculturists are the cushites.

Climate is the seasonal pattern of a particular place occurring from year to year.

Cell is considered as the basic fundamental unit of life.

Tetrazolium test is a rapid test to determine the seed’s viability. The solution will turn red if it is
viable due to the reaction of the tetrazolium solution with hydrogen derived from enzymes in the
respiration process.

Physiology is the study of organisms’ normal functions.

Testa is another name for seed coat. It is derived from the integument of the ovary.

Our common future is the title of the report of the Brundtland Commission.

Multiple cropping is defined as harvesting more than once a year.

Dapog method is the raising of rice seedlings in which they are sown on cement or puddled soil
covered with dried banana leaves.

Harrington is the scientist who formulated the rules of thumb in seed storage.

Pricking is the process of transferring the seedlings from one seed box to another before being
transplanted.

Flowers of squash are incomplete and imperfect.

Plants will need more water when relative humidity is 60%.

Deciduous plants are those that shed leaves annually as opposed to ever green plants that don’t.

Parenchyma functions for photosynthesis, storage and transport.

Collenchyma consists of elongated living cells of uneven primary thick walls with hemicellulose,
cellulose and pectic materials. It provides support, structure, mechanical support and flexibility.
Sclerenchyma is made up of dead cells made up of thick cell walls with lignin and high cellulose
(60-80%).

Glycolysis produces 4 ATP but uses 2 ATP with a net profit of 2 ATP as well as 2 NADH.

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process and in the absence of oxygen it produces lactic acid instead of
pyruvate.

2 NADH is formed to produce two acetyl coA before Kreb’s cycle starts.

Kreb’s cycle produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH+ and 2 FADH2. Specifically, the formation of 6 carbon
molecule that is later cleaved into oxaloacetic acid (C4) would produce 3 NADH and 1 FADH2.
This cleaving into C4 happens with each pyruvate so it happens twice.

In electron transport chain, the 10 NADH+ produces 3 ATP each with a total of 30 and 2
FADH2 produces 2 ATP each with a total of 4.
The three processes would then produce a net total of 38 ATP

Cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 >>> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Hexose monophosphate shunt is an alternative pathway to glycolysis which uses 6 molecules of

glucose molecules to produce 12 NADPH2 and 6 CO2. NADPH2 produces 3 ATP each in ETC
so it produces a total of 36 ATP.

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen. Reduction is the complete
opposite.

Soybeans are considered the largest source of vegetable oil.