Database System

Architecture

SUBJECT TEACHER: PRIYA SACHDEVA, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR (CSE)

Three Level
Architecture
of DBMS/
Data
Abstraction
Data Independence
Data Independence refers to the
characteristic of being able to
modify the schema at one level of
the database system without
altering the schema at the next
1
higher level.
There are two types of data
independence:
1. Logical Data Independence
2. Physical Data Independence
 Makes decisions concerning the content of the database

Plan Storage Structure and Access Strategies

Provides help and support to users

Role of a
Defining Security & Integrity Checks
Database
Administrator Interprets Backup/Recovery Procedures

(DBA) Monitoring Performance

Assistance to Application Programmers

Decides validation checks on data

Database Languages
•A DBMS has appropriate languages and
interfaces to express database queries and
updates.
•Database languages can be used to read,
store and update the data in the database.
•Types of Database Language:
DDL
DML
DCL
TCL
Data Definition Language
Data Definition Language (DDL) is used to define database structure.
It is used to create schema, tables, indexes, constraints, etc. in the database.
The tasks that come under DDL:
• Create: It is used to create objects in the database.
• Alter: It is used to alter the structure of the database.
• Drop: It is used to delete objects from the database.
• Truncate: It is used to remove all records from a table.
• Rename: It is used to rename an object.
Data Manipulation Language
Data Manipulation Language (DML) is used for accessing and manipulating data
in a database. It handles user requests.
The tasks that come under DML:
• Select: It is used to retrieve data from a database.
• Insert: It is used to insert data into a table.
• Update: It is used to update existing data within a table.
• Delete: It is used to delete all records from a table.
Data Control Language

Data Control Language (DCL) deals with the rights, permissions and other
controls of the database system.
The tasks that come under DCL:
• Grant: It is used to give user access privileges to a database.
• Revoke: It is used to take back permissions from the user.
Transaction Control Language
Transaction Control Language (TCL) is used to manage transactions in the
database. These are used to manage the changes made to the data in a table.
The tasks that come under TCL:
• Commit: It is used to save the transaction on the database.
• Rollback: It is used to restore the database to original since the last Commit.
• Savepoint: You can set a save point so that, next time it will start from here.
Types of Database Systems

Centralized Distributed Parallel Client/

DBMS DBMS DBMS Sever DBMS
Centralized DBMS
Distributed DBMS
Parallel DBMS
Parallel DBMS
1. Shared Memory
2. Shared Disc
3. Shared Nothing
Client/ Server DBMS