Poisoning has been a problem for families in the whole world, children have always been curious

on their surroundings. Their curiosity can lead to a series of unfortunate events which can
complicate the child’s growth. For the question on how to advise a mother with a 3 year-old
child to prevent poisoning, I would advise the mother to keep harmful objects out of reach of
children always. All household products should be placed in a child-resistant containers in a
secured location such as locked cabinets. Poisonous chemicals and food should always be
separated from food to avoid contamination and do an inventory of all drugs and chemicals in the
house, if taking medicines make sure that children are not there watching. Most of all, teach
children to ask permission before drinking or eating anything. We must be role models on our
children and adolescents so they can never make the mistake on accidentally poison themselves.
Estimating burn injury can be a tedious task and There two ways where we can estimate the body
surface area of burn patients which are the rule or 9s and the rule of palm. The rule of 9s is used
only for children less than 14 years old. There are different values for different body surfaces of
the head, trunk, arms and legs on different age groups. The head for newborn child is at 18% and
it decreases as children get older at 3 years old at 15%, 6 years-old at 12 % and for more than 12
year-old children at 6 %. For the trunk newborn infants up to 6 years-old have 40% BSA and
changes to 38% for children at > 12yrs old. For the arms newborn infants up to 6 years-old have
16% BSA and also changes to 18% in children at >12yrs old. Lastly for the legs newborn child is
at 26%% and also changes its value for children at 3 years old it is 29%, 6 years-old at 32 % and
for more than 12 year-old children at 38 %. The other way to estimate burns in BSA is the
palmar method where the patient’s palm is used to estimate the injury which is equivalent to 1%.