Alkanes are formed, on electrolysis of concentrated aqueous

solution of sodium or potassium salt of saturated mono

carboxylic acid.

 Alkyl or aryl magnesium halide (R-MgX) are

also called Grignard reagents or
organometallic compounds.
Reactions of alkanes:
alkane + H2SO4  no reaction (NR)
alkane + NaOH  NR
alkane + Na  NR
alkane + KMnO4  NR
alkane + H2,Ni  NR
alkane + Br2  NR
alkane + H2O  NR
(Alkanes are typically non-reactive. They don’t
react with acids, bases, active metals, oxidizing
agents, reducing agents, halogens, etc.)
:Halogenation-1

:Example

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1. Halogenation-

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Relative Stabilities of Alkyl Radicals

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Relative Stabilities of Alkyl Radicals

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Mechanism of halogenation
 Relative Stabilities of Alkyl Radicals

Types of Alkyl Radicals

R3C∙ > R2C∙H > RC∙H2 > CH3∙

3° 2° 1° Methyl

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: Example

2. Nitration Reaction

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3. Combustion

CnH2n+2 + (xs) O2, flame  n CO2 + (n+1) H2O + E

heat
3.Combustion of Alkanes

• Alkanes undergo combustion—that is, they burn in the presence

of oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.
Cycloalkanes